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Global analysis of obesity trends from 1980 to 2024 in 200 countries and territories using data from 4,050 population-based studies reveals that framing obesity as a single global epidemic masks the highly varied dynamics across countries and age groups.

The authors investigated metabolic remodeling in response to stem cell activation and the effect of aging on this response. Aging muscle stem cells lose a key glutamine-fueled metabolic pathway that powers de novo lipogenesis needed for activation. This study shows that reductive TCA cycling helps preserve stem cell function and may offer a new target against sarcopenia.

Hepatitis C virus remains a health burden due to the lack of an effective vaccine, hindered by difficulties in replicating the native E1E2 antigen structure. Here, the authors engineer a stabilized E1E2 heterodimer using cryo-EM-guided modifications, enhancing immunogenicity and paving the way for future HCV vaccine development.

Moisture stability is a challenge for perovskite solar cells. Min-Ho Lee et al. design an electron-donating polymer with a deep highest occupied molecular orbital that enhances the devices’ resistance to moisture.

Divergent white matter metabolic patterns reveal a mechanistic basis for cognitive resilience and enhance prediction of future cognitive decline beyond established aging and dementia biomarkers.

PTCHD1-AS, which encodes a long non-coding RNA, is associated with the aetiology of autism spectrum disorder in humans through striatal molecular and circuit-level dysregulation.

Global Burden of Disease analysis found that in 2023, suboptimal diet was estimated to be responsible for 4 million deaths and 97 million morbidity burdens from ischemic heart disease.

Sustainable logging and improved forest management in the Congo Basin sustain livelihoods and boost carbon retention. Yet half of regional carbon storage remains vulnerable to unmanaged conversion, threatening climate mitigation and biodiversity.

Breeding crops with delayed senescence could plausibly increase grain yield. Here the authors show that variation at the rice SGR locus contributes to differences in senescence between indica and japonica subspecies and show that introgression can increase yield in an elite indica rice variety.

As presented at the European Congress on Obesity, this randomized, placebo-controlled trial demonstrates that oral orforglipron, a nonpeptide GLP-1 receptor agonist, preserves weight loss and cardiometabolic benefits achieved with injectable GLP-1 receptor agonist therapies, making it a viable oral maintenance strategy.

This work introduces thin, mechanically compliant high-aspect-ratio silica fibers that enable enhanced sensitivity to external stimuli, outperforming conventional optical fibers and opening new possibilities for advanced monitoring technologies.

Castro-Dopico et al. report the design of reagents to bridge F-actin and Fcγ receptors, endowing a range of antigen-presenting cells with the ability to cross-present antigens from dead tumor cells and boosting antitumor immunity in preclinical models.

In a first-in-human trial combining the transplantation of CD33-negative CRISPR-edited hematopoietic cells with the CD33-targeted antibody–drug conjugate gemtuzumab ozogamicin, all transplanted patients achieved primary engraftment, and the treatment was well tolerated.

Cryo-electron microscopy structures of three large ornate natural bacterial RNA molecules reveal their quaternary structures and intra- and intermolecular interactions that stabilize them.

Researchers identified three distinct white matter hyperintensity progression patterns, validated in both patients and healthy individuals. Each pattern links to different vascular risks and outcomes, improving stroke prediction.

Intracranial recordings in children revealed neural signals predicting attentional lapses. Closed-loop stimulation rescued performance and scalp EEG enabled noninvasive modulation, identifying a reproducible marker of attentional control.

Previous studies suggested that glycogen metabolism played a role in beiging of subcutaneous adipocytes. This work identifies a β-adrenergic–driven transcriptional program that promotes glycogen synthesis and turnover during thermogenic activation of adipocytes. PGC1α and estrogen-related receptors (ERRs) cooperatively sustain this program by regulating chromatin accessibility and gene expression.

JWST observations of both the dayside and nightside of a hot exoplanet show that horizontal winds transport chemical species faster than the time they need to react chemically, which drives the nightside atmosphere out of chemical equilibrium.

The authors performed computational and experimental analyses to reveal how Smoothened directly inhibits PKA through an intrinsically disordered region, defining a central step in Hedgehog signaling and a mechanism of G-protein-coupled receptor–kinase regulation.

Chronological age is a known predictor of cancer survival, but it cannot fully capture variations in biological aging rates. Here, the authors introduce Face Aging Rate (FAR) as a non-invasive biomarker that predicts biological age from serial facial photographs using artificial intelligence, which can serve as a prognostic factor in cancer patients.

Many long noncoding RNA–DNA binding peaks detected using common assays arise from technical artifacts.

This study identifies an FDA-approved leukemia drug, Homoharringtonine, that can eliminate aged fat cells, improve metabolic health, reduce inflammation and extend lifespan in mice, revealing a potential approach to treat age- and obesity-related metabolic disease.

Endocrine therapies are the main adjuvant therapy for estrogen receptor positive breast cancer, but 30% of patients recur. Here, the authors discover that endocrine therapy upregulates Rac1 signalling component P-Rex1, and inhibition of Rac1 reduces tumour growth in refractory breast cancer models.

Periodontitis is common in aging populations and linked to systemic diseases, yet its impact on skeletal muscle is unclear. Here, the authors show that increased gingiva-derived activin A in periodontitis triggers muscle loss in male mice.

Quantum dots with a zinc oxide core and a strained graphene shell are used as an emissive layer in a white-light-emitting diode.

After spinal cord injury, lesion-remote astrocytes acquire heterogeneous, spatially restricted reactivity states that shape neuroinflammation, neural repair and neurological recovery.

We present a detailed protocol for the building and testing of an isoSTED nanoscopy setup that enables the 3D imaging of biological samples with isotropic sub-50-nm resolution at ≤35 µm in depth.

The CMS experiment at CERN reports one of the highest-precision measurements of the W boson mass, finding it in line with standard model predictions and at odds with recent anomalous measurements.

The pathological mechanisms underlying multiple system atrophy (MSA) remain unclear. Here, the authors show in mouse and human MSA models that α-synuclein spreads from neurons to oligodendrocytes via TLR2 leading to myelination defects, and that blocking TLR2 prevents glial cytoplasmic inclusions and myelin damage.

Androgens have distinct roles in the brain, acting as immune-based tumour suppressors through neuroinflammation and neuroendocrine mechanisms.

Pathologic transformation in Kras^G12D-mutant alveolar type II cells initiates a tumour-permissive niche by orchestrating epithelial, stromal and immune reprogramming through amphiregulin–EGFR signalling, creating a self-sustaining circuit critical for lung tumour initiation and progression.

Peritoneal metastasis of ovarian cancer is often accompanied by the accumulation of ascitic fluid. Here, the authors find that ascites protects ovarian cancer cells against ferroptosis, thus enabling their spread in the peritoneum.

Here, the authors describe a fluorescence-lifetime kinetic model to dissect and quantify the contributions of six NPQ components in Nicotiana benthamiana leaves. They suggest VDE:ZEP:PsbS ratios may increase light-harvesting efficiency and potentially boost crop yield.

DNA-sequencing data from primary tumours and paired metastases from participants in the TRACERx lung study and PEACE autopsy programme are used to analyse the metastatic diversity of advanced non-small cell lung cancer and the seeding patterns that underpin it.

Talin has been believed to be indispensable for integrin activation. Here, the authors show that the curvature-sensing protein FCHo2, not talin, enables inside-out activation of integrin ɑvβ5 in curved adhesions formed at curved membranes.

The authors develop RO-iSCAT, which uses rotational integration of off-axis oblique-illuminated interference scattering signals to remove speckle noise in real time. It enables fast, label-free imaging of axial spatiotemporal dynamics of tubular membrane protrusions.

Exposome analyses across 34 countries showed that social exposures were associated with faster functional brain aging and physical exposures with faster structural brain aging.

Insights into the structural basis of fungal β-1,3-d-glucan synthase inhibition by caspofungin lay the groundwork for the development of next-generation echinocandins with increased potency, broader antifungal spectrum, and reduced propensity for resistance.

Modulating synaptic connections remains challenging. Here, the authors show that SynTrogo (Synthetic Trogocytos) is a synthetic astrocyte-neuron interaction system, and reduces synaptic connectivity, which is associated with enhanced plasticity and improved memory.

MoCox6 is an inner mitochondrial membrane regulator of mitophagy in Magnaporthe oryzae, and targeting it with a small molecule, Pan-RAS-IN-1, suppresses fungal virulence and reduces rice blast disease.

Over five years, implementation of the NHS England Lung Cancer Screening Programme achieved high early-stage detection rates and demonstrated that the programme is both feasible and scalable for reaching high-risk and underserved populations.

Reis and colleagues demonstrated that targeting fibroblast activation protein by CD40 agonist was feasible and safe in patients with advanced solid tumors.

In the nonpivotal stage 1 of the randomized phase 3 PRESERVE-003 trial, patients with immunochemotherapy-resistant metastatic squamous non-small cell lung cancer without actionable genomic alterations treated with the next-generation, pH-sensitive anti-CTLA-4 agent gotistobart had encouraging overall survival outcomes compared to docetaxel.

Tuft epithelial cells sense airway damage and recruit accessory submucosal gland stem cells to regenerate the surface epithelium, but these progenitors fail to fully repair the surface airway epithelium and instead promote airway remodeling.

This study shows that the Snowflake mutant in clownfish results from altered communication between pigment cells, producing enlarged white bars with jagged edges. It points to cell–cell communication as a driver of color pattern diversity in fishes.