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A non-invasive 40 Hz light flicker induces adenosine-mediated ischemic preconditioning, offering a potentially safe and translational approach to protect against nonarteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy and related ocular ischemic disorders.

Despite the global spread of the mpox virus, the long-term durability and breadth of infection-induced immunity are not fully understood. Here, the authors analyze MPXV-specific immune responses up to 18 months post-infection, revealing robust cellular immunity and cross-neutralization among orthopoxviruses, which inform reinfection risks and vaccine development strategies.

A breakdown of the tight coupling between Antarctic and subarctic productivity is identified during the Last Interglacial, likely due to the Southern Hemisphere westerlies, sustaining high CO₂ and potentially impacting future climate.

It is unclear how early-life urbanicity influences adult neurobehavioral traits. This study reveals that earlier menarche mediates the relationship between early-life urbanicity and adult neurobehavioral traits associated with mental disorders.

A cross-ancestry GWAS meta-analyses of brainstem structures identify 713 associations. It reveals shared/distinct genetic architectures across ancestries/substructures and overlaps with neuropsychiatric disorders and physiological functions.

USP17L, encoded by a gene family expressed in mouse 2-cell embryos and 2-cell-like cells, is shown to promote the 2-cell program in mESCs at both transcriptional and post-translational levels, in part through deubiquitinating H2AK119ub1 and ZSCAN4.

A study reveals progressive cohesin loading and a hypertranscription state responsible for the formation of genic cohesin islands at active regulatory genes in mouse embryos, highlighting an interplay between chromatin architecture and transcription as they are established for the first time.

The synthesis of β-amino acid molecules via tandem radical 1,2-N-shift/cross-coupling of α-amino acid scaffolds represents an attractive and powerful tool. Herein, the authors report the cross-electrophile C(sp2)-C(sp3) coupling of β-bromo α-amino acid esters with aryl bromides via a π-system-independent 1,2-N-shift, which allows access to α-arylated β-amino acid motifs with high efficiency and regioselectivity.

Zhou and colleagues demonstrate that thiopurine chemotherapy in mismatch repair-deficient ALL cells leads to R248Q TP53 mutations and clonal selection that favors on-treatment ALL relapse and chemoresistance.

UVR8 is a plant photoreceptor that dissociates into monomers after sensing UV. Here, via ultrafast spectroscopy and computational calculations, the authors describe the dynamics of charge separation and charge neutralization in UVR8 and describe how these unzip interactions at the dimer interface.

PINK1/Parkin-mediated ubiquitin-dependent mitophagy is a key regulator of browning in inguinal white adipose tissue (iWAT). Here, the authors report that PNPLA7, an Endoplasmic Reticulum and mitochondria-associated membrane (MAM) protein, inhibits browning of iWAT by promoting PINK1/Parkin-mediated mitophagy upon cold challenge or adrenergic receptor agonist treatment.

Propane dehydrogenation is an important reaction for the production of propylene, although effective catalysts are generally constructed from precious metals. Here, the authors report a high-performing earth-abundant alternative system for this reaction based on a particular form of cobalt on siliceous zeolites.

The advantage of living in cities compared with rural areas with respect to height and BMI in children and adolescents has generally become smaller globally from 1990 to 2020, except in sub-Saharan Africa.

Although magnesium-based cofactors are highly active in biochemical reactions, magnesium-based materials generally exhibit poor catalytic activity for oxygen reduction. Here the authors enhance electrocatalytic activity of magnesium through atomic dispersion with a graphene framework.

The haplotype-resolved genome of tetraploid modern rose, along with a variation map of 233 wild and cultivated Rosa accessions, reveals the complex genome composition of modern roses and elucidates the genomic bases of their origin and breeding.

Magnaporthe oryzae effector MoSPAB1 enters rice nuclei to bind to the promoter of the immunity-brake gene Bsr-d1 and activates its expression by competing with rice MYBS1, which constitute a conserved module that facilitates fungal pathogenesis.

Chloroplast and whole-genome sequencing of a global germplasm panel of 355 Arachis accessions encompassing various species sheds light on the evolutionary history and phenotypic diversification of peanuts.

Zeng, Shi, Han, Hu, Li, Wei et al. present a metabolic atlas covering 15 hematopoietic cell types from young and aged mice. By screening metabolites that are depleted with age, they identify that uridine treatment can restore function in aged hematopoietic stem cells.

Worldwide, the number of only-child families is increasing. This research examines how growing up without siblings affects adult brain structure, function and connectivity, cognition, personality and mental health.

Socioeconomic status is multidimensional and can change over time. Xu, Lui, Ji et al. found dimension-specific, late-stage-specific and change-specific socioeconomic effects on brain, cognition, personality and emotion.

The NEMO series of genetically encoded calcium indicators report calcium activity in neuronal and non-neuronal cells with high signal-to-baseline ratio, which is shown in neuronal culture, slice preparations, in vivo and in planta.

Cations are used to control the interlayer spacing of graphene oxide membranes, enabling efficient and selective sieving of hydrated cations.

The formation of the pre-metastatic niche enables the colonisation of disseminated cancer cells in distant organs. Here, the authors show that Th2 cytokines induce Complement 3 production in lung mesenchymal stromal cells, which recruits neutrophils and promotes the formation neutrophil extracellular traps, facilitating breast cancer cell metastasis to the lungs.

A high-quality reference genome of the maize SK inbred line and analyses between the tropical SK line and two other maize genomes, B73 and Mo17, provide insights into structural variation and crop improvement.

There lacks a method to measure the rapid changes of vehicle emissions. Here the authors proposed a big data approach ‘TrackATruck’, and their estimates using the new approach show that the heavy-duty trucks (HDT) emissions of primary cargo routes/terminals were underestimated by 2–10 times in proxy-based emission inventories.

The poor stability of ruthenium-based catalysts has greatly hampered their application in polymer electrolyte membrane water electrolysis. Here, the authors uncover the decisive role of reaction route on catalytic performance, which enables the screening of efficient ruthenium-based water oxidation catalysts.

Primary dysmenorrhoea, the most common gynaecologic complaint, remains genetically and pathophysiologically elusive. Here, Li and colleagues identify common variants inZMIZ1 and near NGFconferring risk for primary dysmenorrhoea using genome-wide association study in a Chinese population.

Gene-edited waxy corn lines have higher yields in field trials than hybrids produced by traditional trait introgression.

Biochemical and structural studies of the interactions between antibodies and spike proteins from SARS-CoV-2 Omicron subvariants indicate how these variants have evolved to escape antibody-mediated neutralization.

Cross-ancestry genome-wide association studies of 3,414 brain imaging phenotypes in Chinese Han and white British participants identify autosomal and X-chromosomal associations in more diverse populations.

Heterogeneous catalysts for olefin hydroformylation are highly desired but suffer from poor activity. Herein, the authors report that rhodium nanoparticles supported on siliceous MFI zeolite with abundant silanol nests are very active for hydroformylation, affording a turnover frequency that outperforms the classical Wilkinson’s catalyst.

Genome-wide association meta-analyses in populations of East Asian and European ancestries identify variant–trait associations for 44 hippocampal traits and provide insight into the genetic architectures of hippocampal and subfield volumes.