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A combination of adenovirus-vectored and subunit protein intranasal vaccine enhances immune response against SARS-CoV-2 variants in animal models and humans.

The heterogeneity of androgen receptor (AR) gene alterations across metastases in prostate cancer remains unresolved. Here, the authors characterise AR genomic complexity across spatially separated lethal metastases from 10 prostate cancer patients and investigate how AR alterations evolve.

R9AP is a key receptor for entry of Epstein–Barr virus into human epithelial and B cells, and interacts directly with the viral glycoprotein gH/gL complex to mediate virus–host membrane fusion.

Current industrial methods of ethylene glycol production generate substantial CO₂ emissions. Here electrocatalytic ethylene-to-ethylene glycol conversion is coupled to electrochemical CO₂ capture, decreasing carbon intensity by an order of magnitude.

Achieving room-temperature blackbody-sensitive photodetectors with an ultrabroadband response is challenging. Here, the authors report a bioinspired detector using the 2D flat-band quantum material Nb3I8 that enables sensitive detection from the shortwave to the very long-wave infrared.

Immunotherapy has improved patient outcomes in those with metastatic or recurrent head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) but less so in the neoadjuvant setting. Here, the authors report the efficacy, safety and exploratory biomarker analysis of a phase II clinical trial investigating neoadjuvant tislelizumab (anti-PD-1) and afatinib (EGFR TKI) in patients with locally advanced HNSCC.

Liu et al. identify a subpellicular microtubule-based dynein motor in ookinetes of Plasmodium. This motor transports the cargos for apical organelle and structure assembly in ookinetes. Dynein-deficient parasites fail ookinete morphogenesis and mosquito transmission of Plasmodium.

Carbon loss from forests occurs through deforestation or the degradation of existing forest. The loss of forest area in the Brazilian Amazon was higher in 2019 than following drought and an El Niño event in 2015, yet degradation drove three times more biomass loss than deforestation from 2010 to 2019.

The biology of the archaeal phylum Woesearchaeota is poorly understood due to the lack of cultured isolates. Here, the authors analyze datasets of Woesearchaeota 16 S rRNA gene sequences and metagenome-assembled genomes to infer global distribution patterns, ecological preferences and metabolic capabilities.

Aspirin is a potent lysine acetylation inducer, but its impact on lysine ubiquitination and ubiquitination-directed protein degradation is unclear. Here, the authors show that aspirin impairs proteasomal activity, affecting the degradation of soluble proteins, and induces K63-linked ubiquitination to promote the clearance of insoluble protein aggregates.

Here, the authors present an experimental demonstration of adiabatic frequency conversion using the concept of time boundary by exploiting the properties of an ITO film operating near its epsilon-near-zero frequency. They demonstrate a large and controllable shift up to 14.9 THz.

Superionic states of matter simultaneously exhibit some of the properties of a liquid and of a solid. Detailed numerical simulations predict two superionic phases in mixtures of helium and water.

Oxidative C–H/N–H cross-coupling is a convenient method to construct C–N bonds, however this is rarely achieved in a sustainable manner. Here, the authors show an oxidant-free electrochemical C–H/N–H cross-coupling between electron-rich arenes and diarylamines to afford triarylamines with exclusive para-selectivity.

The selective installation of quaternary carbon substituents on arenes is a highly challenging synthetic goal. Here, the authors report a chromium-catalyzed para-selective functionalization of benzamides with tertiary organometallic reagents under mild conditions.

Liu et al. report the multi-site chelate effect using quercetin for Sn²⁺ and retarding crystallisation in FASnI₃-based optoelectronic synapse. 12 × 12 real-time NIR imaging array enables spatiotemporal information fusion for object recognition, enhancement, and motion perception in complex conditions.

Between 1955 and 2000 stratospheric ozone decreased and tropospheric ozone increased. Model analysis shows that these ozone changes each drove warming of the Southern Ocean through distinct mechanisms and together account for ~30% of the net subsurface Southern Ocean heat content increases over the same period, with the larger contribution from tropospheric increases.

Kdm2a demethylates H3K36me2 to mediate fast-to-slow-twitch myofiber transition and reshape skeletal muscle metabolic flexibility under metabolic stress conditions.

Coastal wetlands are enriched in metastable iron minerals over well-crystalline phases and have a similar fraction of iron oxide-associated organic carbon as uplands, according to a global database combined with a survey of China’s coastal wetlands.

Early diagnosis of sleep apnea and subsequent intervention are crucial. Here, the authors develop Apnea Interact Xplainer, a transparent AI system for sleep apnea diagnosis, promoting the application of the human-AI collaborative paradigm in healthcare decision-making.

Monkeypox or Mpox represents a worldwide health emergency, and efficient vaccines are urgently needed. Here authors present a modified vaccinia virus as vaccine candidate, generated from the Tiantan strain by targeted gene deletion to make it replication-deficient, which elicits robust immune response in both mouse and macaque models, with favourable safety and long-lasting protection profiles in the non-human primates.

Although gas bubble dynamics during electrochemical processes dramatically affect performance, the fundamental understanding and manipulation of such dynamics have been limited. Now, electrolyte composition is found to be a key factor in inducing a solutal Marangoni instability that impacts both H₂ gas detachment and coalescence between H₂ microbubbles.

HIV infection is associated with increased risk of more severe Mpox, yet the underlying mechanisms aren’t well understood. Here, the authors reveal increased MPXV replication and immune dysfunction in SIV-MPXV co-infected rhesus macaques and, using proteomics and phosphoproteomics from multiple organs, identify involved pathways.

By engineering the plasmonic response of a nanopatterned silver gate electrode, the radiative decay rate of excitons in a tungsten disulfide monolayer can be enhanced via the Purcell effect, creating high modulation efficiencies at room temperature.

Observations of γ-rays with energies up to 1.4 PeV find that 12 sources in the Galaxy are PeVatrons, one of which is the Crab Nebula.

Microscopic imaging and holography aim to decrease reliance on labelled experimental training data, which can introduce biases, be time-consuming and costly to prepare, and may lack real-world diversity. Huang et al. develop a physics-driven self-supervised model that eliminates the need for labelled or experimental training data, demonstrating superior generalization on the reconstruction of experimental holograms of various samples.

Myocardial infarction is a leading cause of death globally. Stem cell therapy is considered a potential treatment. Here, the authors propose an antioxidant polyurethane-based cardiac patch with stem cells that provides antioxidation, immune remodeling and paracrine modulation for myocardial repair.

The study of magnetic-related phenomena under high-pressure conditions currently presents significant challenges. The authors develop an in-situ magnetic imaging technique at megabar pressures, revealing the magnetic transition of magnetite.

Middle-aged individuals are more susceptible to obesity, but the mechanisms are unclear. Here, the authors show that extracellular vesicles from adipose progenitor cells in middle-aged individuals lack miR-145-5p, driving inflammation, and that restoring miR-145-5p could prevent midlife obesity.

The interactions between tertiary lymphoid structures (TLS) and tumor cell aggregates remain to be investigated. Here, single-cell and spatial transcriptomics reveal the cellular composition, formation, and function of TLS during tumour progression and immunotherapy response in nasopharyngeal carcinoma.

Targeted protein degradation in bacteria typically requires fusion with tags or chemical degraders. Here, authors developed GPlad, a tunable system using designed guide proteins and arginine kinase to degrade diverse proteins in E. coli without the need for exogenous degraders or protein fusions.

Chronic spontaneous urticarial is an inflammatory skin disease which has been linked to intestinal dysbiosis. Here the authors implicate intestinal dysbiosis with the inflammatory response in a murine model of urticaria.

Desmocollin 2 (DSC2) binds to the EBV glycoprotein H/glycoprotein L complex and allows for virus entry to epithelial cells, which could be blocked by DSC2-specific antibodies. DSC2 allowed for virus entry independent of Ephrin receptor A2.

Chen, Hu, Zhao, Fang and colleagues show that the ribosomal large subunit protein Rpl12 functions as a conserved ribophagy receptor in multiple organisms.

Fatty acid synthesis has been reported to promote glioblastoma. Here, the authors show that the tyrosine kinase c-SRC phosphorylates both acetyl-CoA synthetase ACSS2 and ATP-citrate lyase ACLY, to increase acetyl-CoA and NADPH production for fatty acid synthesis to support glioblastoma progression.

Model simulations suggest that cropland expansion since industrialization has reduced atmospheric biogenic secondary organic aerosol by 10% and its associated radiative cooling effect by 11%.

A quantum microsatellite, with a payload weighing only 23 kilograms, in combination with portable ground stations that weigh merely 100 kilograms, is capable of performing space-to-ground real-time quantum key distribution.

Global aquatic foods are a key source of nutrition, but how their production is influenced by anthropogenic environmental changes is not well known. The vulnerability of global blue food systems to main environmental stressors and the related spatial impacts across blue food nations are now quantified.

Evidence for the treatment of patients with mild-to-moderate COPD is limited. Here, the authors show that long-term treatment with high-dose N-acetylcysteine neither significantly reduced the annual rate of total exacerbations nor improve lung function in patients with mild-tomoderate COPD.

Here, the authors investigate the long-range interaction and coalescence mechanism of water and ethanol nanopockets encapsulated in twisted bilayer graphene, showing the complete recovery of moiré patterns after the motion of the contaminants.

An intravenously administered electric-field-sensitive contrast agent for magnetic resonance imaging that crosses the blood–brain barrier improves lesion visualization with high sensitivity and target-to-background ratio in mice.

The arrangements of defect lines in liquid crystal blue phases provide promising templates for photonic crystals. Here Liu et al. investigate in detail how inter-phase transitions proceed, by intercepting nucleation with on-demand cross linking of a supporting polymer matrix.

The altermagnetic order in CrSb films can be manipulated via crystal symmetry; the reconstructed altermagnetic order generates a room-temperature spontaneous anomalous Hall effect and designable switching modes as field-assisted and field-free modes.

The power conversion efficiency of wide-bandgap pure-sulfide kesterite is low. Wang et al. propose annealing in a hydrogen-containing atmosphere and report the underlying mechanism that enables a certified efficiency of 11.4%.