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Di et al. report a dual-band infrared photodetector employing size-engineered PbS quantum dots as spectrally selective absorbers in a unipolar barrier configuration, which can switch between near- and short-wave infrared region. A 128×128 focal plane array is prepared for practical infrared multispectral imaging.

Stone tools illustrate behavioural complexities in Middle Pleistocene hominin populations. Here, the authors present small dimensional flakes and hafted tools from Xigou, central China, dated to ~160–72 thousand years ago that demonstrate early, complex technological advancements.

Aqueous two-phase systems have potential as biomimetic materials, but often lack stability and are prone to collapse. Here, the authors use interfacial assembly of chitin nanofibres and cellulose nanocrystals to prepare a biobased system with permeability and switchable motility.

This study applies generalized linear mixed models (GLMM) and advanced transcriptome wide association study (TWAS) methods to improve the discovery of colorectal cancer risk transcription factors and genes, including potential druggable targets.

Application of multiancestry and ensemble-based approaches yields improved polygenic risk prediction models for breast cancer and its subtypes among women of African ancestry.

Global Burden of Disease estimates show that between 1990 and 2023, the prevalence and burden of drug use disorders, inclusive of amphetamine, cannabis, cocaine and opioid use, have been increasing in high-income countries, particularly in the USA.

A virus-mimicking micelle selectively delivers drugs to diseased chondrocytes in osteoarthritis, significantly alleviating disease progression in mouse and sheep models.

This Review highlights how advances in materials, device architectures and integrated platforms are enabling in situ biosensing for real-time physiological monitoring, addressing the limitations of traditional ex situ approaches and supporting translational applications.

Targeted deletion of integrin-associated protein CD47 enhances long-term engraftment of human CD34⁺ cells in immunodeficient pigs lacking IL2RG and RAG2, enabling large-scale production of functional human immune cells.

Both the pyrroloindoline core and N–CF3 moiety hold significant importance in medicinal chemistry. Herein, the authors present a simple approach to assembling such intriguing skeletons from tryptamine-derived isocyanides through a cascade sequence, which includes an oxidative trifluorination and a subsequent halogenative cyclization.

Tetrahydropyridines are vital scaffolds, yet regio- and site-selective assembly is hard. This work delivers a mild CoH-mediated reductive hydroarylation of pyridinium salts, enabling site-divergent arylation to access diverse tetrahydropyridines.

A reinforcement learning-based virtual reality system, implementing a series of sport sessions with coaching, was as effective as standard physical activity in reducing fat mass in adolescents, with positive effects on cognition.

Viruses such as EBV use various mechanisms to avoid antiviral responses. Here the authors propose that the EBV protein BRRF2 is secreted via extracellular vesicles from NPC cells, disrupts the cGAS-STING pathway, reduces cGAS-DNA phase separation and the subsequent antiviral response.

The oxidative intermolecular amination of C-H bonds represents a straightforward method to construct aliphatic allylic amines. However, the utilization of widely available internal alkenes remains a synthetic challenge. Here, the authors present a regioselective Cu-catalyzed oxidative allylic C-H amination of internal olefins with azodiformates.

The synthesis of 2-piperidinone derivatives remains challenging. Here, the authors develop an organophotocatalysed [1 + 2 + 3] strategy to enable the one-step access to diverse 2-piperidinones from ammonium salts, alkenes, and unsaturated carbonyl compounds.

This study reveals how pre-mRNA processing factors in Arabidopsis distinctly coordinate cleavage and transcription termination, highlighting complex roles of CPSF, CstF, PAPS1, BORDER proteins, and FPA in efficient mRNA maturation.

Polygenic scores for body mass index and obesity constructed using data from 5 million people with different ancestries were associated with distinct weight gain trajectories from early childhood to adulthood.

Biaryl compounds with an axial chirality are valuable architectures but few methods have been developed for the construction of bridged biaryls, a subclass of these compounds that bear a tether to connect the two arenes and form a medium-sized ring. Here, the authors design a Co/SPDO-catalyzed aerobic oxidative coupling/desymmetrization sequence of prochiral phenols for the enantioselective synthesis of biaxial bridged m-terphenyls embedded in an azocane.

The strange metal state, characterized by a linear-in-temperature resistivity, is often seen in the normal state of high-temperature superconductors. Here, the authors report the breakdown of both the strange metal and superconducting states at a pressure-induced quantum critical point in an iron-pnictide superconductor.

An integrated analysis of de novo and inherited coding variants in 42,607 individuals with autism spectrum disorder identifies 60 risk genes of which five have not previously been associated with neurodevelopmental disorders.

Synthetic biology enables sustainable chemical production. Here, authors develop a modular enzymatic platform to biosynthesize non-natural amino acids with C–S, C–Se, and C–N side chains from renewable substrate glycerol, achieving high efficiency and scalability.

The mechanism underlying abnormal pain perception in autism remains unclear. Here authors show that histone lactylation decreases Dock4, an autism-related gene, to modulate heat pain by impairing Dynein-mediated Nav1.7 membrane trafficking, providing insights into thermosensor-independent mechanisms.

Oxidative stress contributes significantly to postmenopausal osteoporosis by impairing osteoblast function, but its precise mechanisms remain unclear. Here, the authors show that estrogen deficiency reduces GPX4 expression, leading to phospholipid peroxidation that impairs osteoblastogenesis, while GPX4 activators including 6- and 8-Gingerols can mitigate these effects.

Semiconductor quantum dots that simultaneously support blue and yellow emission offer a route to realizing efficient white light-emitting diodes.

A variant in the IFITM3gene increases the risk of severe influenza, but homozygosity is rare in Caucasians. The authors show that the variant gene is homozygous in 25% of healthy Chinese people, and 69% of those with severe pandemic influenza, suggesting that this gene influences the epidemiology of influenza in South-East Asia.

The advantage of living in cities compared with rural areas with respect to height and BMI in children and adolescents has generally become smaller globally from 1990 to 2020, except in sub-Saharan Africa.

Single-atom catalysts (SACs) with high metal loading are highly desired to improve catalytic performance. Here, the authors report a dual protection strategy by nanocasting SiO₂ into metal–organic frameworks to prepare high-loading SACs with excellent catalytic performance toward oxygen reduction.

Estimates from the Global Dietary Database indicated that 2.2 million new type 2 diabetes and 1.2 million new cardiovascular disease cases were attributable to sugar-sweetened beverages worldwide in 2020, with the highest burdens in sub-Saharan Africa, Latin America and the Caribbean.

Cerebellar ataxia, a hallmark of cerebellar degeneration (CBND), is driven by mitochondrial dysfunction in Purkinje cells. In this study, transplanting mitochondria into CBND mice improve mitochondrial function, reduce mitophagy, and reduce ataxia.

Here, the authors perform large trans-ancestry fine-mapping analyses identifying large numbers of association signals and putative target genes for colorectal cancer risk, advancing our understanding of the genetic and biological basis of this cancer.

Molecular assembly is of great importance in many fields. Here, the authors establish a strategy to post-modulate angle-mismatched layer-by-layer materials by fullerene derivatives and achieve a modulation accuracy of up to 5 Å.

The relationship between tissue-specific DNA methylation and cancer risk remains to be elucidated. Here, the authors predict DNA methylation at CpG sites for seven cancer types and investigate how these influence cancer risk.

Li–O₂ batteries suffer from poor charge transport in the insulating discharge products. Here the authors tackle the issue by pre-depositing a K₂CO₃ layer and then using this to grow Li₂O₂ film on top, enabling enhanced electronic conduction properties and improved overall performance.

Single-cell transcriptomic profiling of immune cells in the blood and liver of a human decedent receiving a pig liver xenograft reveals impaired adaptive immunity and monocyte features that may induce T cell exhaustion and contribute to platelet activation.

Various traditional Chinese herbs and complex formulas have been suggested to exhibit lifespan extension properties. Here, the authors isolated the flavonoid corylin from Psoralea corylifolia and demonstrated its longevity properties in yeast, human cells and mouse.

A large genome-wide association study of more than 5 million individuals reveals that 12,111 single-nucleotide polymorphisms account for nearly all the heritability of height attributable to common genetic variants.

The authors used a long-read nanopore method to study chromatin accessibility and DNA methylation of the highly repetitive centromeres, telomeres, and ribosomal DNA arrays in both wildtype and DNA methylation mutants of Arabidopsis.

A gene-edited pig liver transplanted into a human recipient remains functional after 10 days and indicates that porcine organs could help meet the growing demand for liver transplants.

Li et al. developed a base-editing system to edit mutations linked to autism. Targeting a mutation in Mef2c restored Mef2c protein levels in several brain regions and reversed behavioral changes in Mef2c-mutant mice.

Electrosynthesis of acetate from CO using renewable electricity faces low selectivity. Here, the authors report a cerium single atom modulated copper catalyst, where cerium atoms tailor the interfacial water structure, enabling highly selective CO-to-acetate conversion under pulsed electrolysis.

An analysis based on data from the Global Dietary Database shows mean animal-sourced food intakes among children and adolescents increased modestly from 1990 to two portions per day in 2018, but remain low in sub-Saharan Africa, India and Bangladesh.

Multi-ancestry fine-mapping of breast cancer susceptibility regions identifies candidate causal variants and prioritizes likely effector genes supported by functional genomic evidence.

Modeling analysis from the Global Dietary Database estimated that 70% of new global cases of type 2 diabetes are attributable to suboptimal intake of 11 dietary factors, with substantial differences in dietary risks across world regions and nations.

Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have improved our understanding of the genetic basis of lung adenocarcinoma but known susceptibility variants explain only a small fraction of the familial risk. Here, the authors perform a two-stage GWAS and report 12 novel genetic loci associated with lung adenocarcinoma in East Asians.