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Neonatal sepsis caused by Escherichia coli is associated with reduced transfer of pathogen-specific maternal antibodies and, in a mouse model, can be prevented by maternal preconceptual colonization with probiotic E. coli.

Here proteomic chromatome analysis shows metabolic enzymes widely localize to chromatin in cancer in a tissue-specific manner. Nuclear enzymes affect DNA damage/repair and transcription, revealing non-canonical nuclear metabolic roles in cancer.

Global analysis of obesity trends from 1980 to 2024 in 200 countries and territories using data from 4,050 population-based studies reveals that framing obesity as a single global epidemic masks the highly varied dynamics across countries and age groups.

Prostate cancer and androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) impair muscle function and quality of life, yet mitochondrial involvement remains unclear. The authors show that greater mitochondrial function correlates with better endurance, quality of life, and smaller declines in these parameters post-ADT

The authors show that only 10 viral particles are sufficient to infect a cow’s udder with H5N1. Although milk contains high levels of virus, laboratory tests show no evidence of transmission through inhalation or shared milking devices.

Dietary interventions have been proposed as potential therapeutic strategies in cancer. Here, the authors report a feasibility randomized clinical trial comparing standard diet with a very lowcarbohydrate ketogenic diet (VLCD) in treatment-naive women with endometrial cancer and obesity or overweight.

Climate action could avoid over 1 million deaths globally from air pollution in 2040. However, it is suggested that cooperation is needed between developed and developing nations to ensure that disparities in air pollution are not perpetuated in the future.

Hepatitis C virus remains a health burden due to the lack of an effective vaccine, hindered by difficulties in replicating the native E1E2 antigen structure. Here, the authors engineer a stabilized E1E2 heterodimer using cryo-EM-guided modifications, enhancing immunogenicity and paving the way for future HCV vaccine development.

Carty et al. found that dehydration stress promotes intracellular lipid synthesis and favors glutamine oxidation as a carbon precursor for lipid synthesis via remodeling mitochondrial metabolism.

Porous materials are actively researched for iodine adsorption, but the pore characteristics of frameworks required for efficient iodine capture in water are not well understood. Here, the authors construct a series of covalent organic frameworks with triangular pores and different local polarities for efficient iodine capture from aqueous solution.

Most H₂ used in the chemical industry is derived from fossil fuels. Now it has been shown that coupling native microbial H₂ pathways with engineered alkene biosynthesis and membrane-bound Pd catalysis enables biocompatible hydrogenation of metabolic intermediates in living bacteria. This hybrid chemo-microbial platform supports the carbon-negative synthesis of industrial chemicals from waste-derived feedstocks.

ShortSummaryA multipronged experimental and MD simulation-based approach resolves a single-contact exchange mechanism for ion transport in a structurally homogeneous nanoconfined anion exchange membrane. The mechanism offers new design principles.

Culex mosquitoes drive the spread of West Nile virus, yet controlling their populations remains challenging. Here, authors develop a self-limiting CRISPR-based genetic approach that converts female mosquitoes into sterile intersexes, enabling effective and confined population suppression.

The ancient X and Y chromosomes of cannabis and hop display interesting patterns of molecular evolution and harbor key floral genes. Here the authors show that the X chromosome, not the Y, determines sex, and identify an X-linked ethylene biosynthesis gene as a candidate for sex-determination.

Pentatellurides exhibit magnetoresistance oscillations that deviate from conventional 1/B Landau-quantization. Here, the authors demonstrate robust non-1/B oscillations in ZrTe₅ and show that nonlinear Landau level backbending reconciles the diverse oscillatory regimes across the pentatellurides.

Genetic code expansion can be limited by the need to supply non-standard amino acids. The authors design bacteria that perform integrated steps of converting supplemented aldehydes to L-phenylalanine derivatives and incorporating them within proteins.

Selecting appropriate treatment for breast cancer is guided by molecular subtypes and clinical characteristics. Here, the authors show that their AI-based approach, which integrates digital pathology images and clinical data, demonstrates robust accuracy in predicting the risk of cancer recurrence across major molecular breast cancer subtypes, including triple negative breast cancer.

The physiological relevance and reproducibility of microphysiological systems is currently limited by perfusion systems. Here the authors engineer Hemadyne, an accordion music-inspired pump that mimics human blood flow, and apply it to study how aging-related flow waveforms impact vascular health.

Results from integrative population-based investigations indicate co-occurring types of clonal hematopoiesis are highly enriched and markedly increase blood cancer risk, highlighting new opportunities for early detection and targeted surveillance of high-risk individuals.

In this study, using estuary metagenomics and metatranscriptomics data the authors show that ecological niche partitioning constrains DNA virus diversification at the genus level, and that DNA viruses exhibit genomic signatures associated with salinity adaptation similar to those of prokaryotes.

H3K27-altered diffuse midline gliomas are a highly aggressive form of paediatric brain cancer. Here, the authors present molecular profiling of 68 patients, and show the efficacy of precision-guided therapy based on this profiling.

The mechanisms for unremitting airway inflammation in human asthma remain to be explored. The authors here identify that mitochondrial-small extracellular vesicle-mediated signaling in T cell activation and differentiation contributes to dysregulated immune responses in asthma.

In this comparative analysis of pneumococcal isolates, authors reveal divergent NF-κB signaling and COMMD2-mediated suppression of cellular immunity programs in airway epithelial cells.

To be practically useful, sustainable aviation fuels need a suitable energy density and freezing point. Here the authors explore an iterative polyketide synthase family, leading to engineered biosynthesis of medium chain, fully cyclopropanated fatty acids as jet fuel precursors with ideal properties.

Researchers realized the first truly chiral terahertz cavity with time-reversal-symmetry broken vacuum fields, with near-unity ellipticity at 0.66 THz and Q>50 under a 0.3 T field, offering a robust platform for chiral light–matter interactions.

Second-line CAR T cell therapies have become standard-of-care treatments for relapsed or refractory large B-cell lymphomas (LBCL). However, real-world evidence on the efficacy and immunological phenotypes is limited. Here, the authors present a retrospective single-center study of 64 patients treated with axi-cel or liso-cel and report efficacy and safety readouts. By performing immunophenotypic analysis on samples from apheresis and post CAR T cell infusion, the authors also investigate how the magnitude of CAR T expansion and early phenotypic features influence persistence and therapeutic outcomes.

Tumor sialylation has been associated with different mechanisms of immune evasion. Here the authors show that tumor sialylation regulates G-CSF stability to promote neutrophil-mediated immunosuppression as well dampens tumor cell immunogenicity by limiting MHC-I surface expression, limiting anti-tumor immunity in breast cancer.

Here, in a large-scale study of over 900 companion dogs, the authors examine how the gut microbiome varies as dogs age, identifying consistent microbial shifts associated with age, as well as associations with diet, behavior, and health.

Enabling parental mediation of online activities and children’s knowledge of where to seek help after sexual harassment or assault is associated with higher rates of disclosure of technology-facilitated CSEA.

This study shows how Polycomb shapes 3D chromatin in early cranial crest cells, preparing craniofacial genes for later activation by enabling recruitment of distant regulatory elements to ensure proper facial development.

Migration of microbial communities is poorly understood. Here, the authors use a meso-tube assay to show that hundreds of microbial species co-migrate over metre scales via chemotaxis, which restructures communities, enriches motility traits and facilitates dispersal of viruses and non-motile ‘hitchhikers’.

Incomplete tumor removal during oral cancer surgery remains a major clinical challenge. Here, the authors show, in a feasibility trial, that fluorescence imaging using the integrin-targeted tracer cRGD-ZW800 is safe, achieved a patient-level sensitivity of 100%, enabled additional fluorescence-guided resections and prevented postoperative radiotherapy in some patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma.

Precision oncology for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remains challenging due to the high diversity of HCC at the clinical and molecular levels. Here, the authors employ an integrative multi-omics approach to identify and characterize nine molecular subtypes and explore their biological and clinical significance via p53/WNT scoring, immune infiltration analyses, and in vivo models.

Understanding HIV evolution during early infection is important for prevention strategies. Here, leveraging deep sequencing during acute infection, the authors show a higher-than-expected frequency of multiple transmitted viruses, highlighting fluctuating viral lineages, which may inform future vaccine development.

Immune checkpoint inhibitors combined with chemotherapy have demonstrated significant benefits in treating triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). In this study, the authors present results from a randomized phase II trial evaluating the platinum-based and DNA-damaging agent carboplatin in combination with nivolumab in patients with metastatic TNBC.

Themis is a CABIT-domain containing protein that, in a constitutive complex with Grb2, regulates thymocyte selection downstream of TCR signalling. However, the structural basis of the formation of Themis/Grb2 complex has remained elusive. Here, the authors report Cryo-EM analysis of Themis, both unbound and in complex with Grb2, and functionally test the relevance of the identified putative interaction interfaces by mutagenesis, providing a structural blueprint of the molecular mechanisms underlying T cell signalling.

Mucosal immunity is an important component of the anti-SARS-CoV-2 response and may contribute to the relatively better protection provided by infection compared to vaccination of children against serious disease. Here, the authors analyse the antigen-specific B cell response in the tonsils, adenoids, and blood of children following infection with SARS-CoV-2 or vaccination with SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccines to find evidence that tissue-specific B cell memory is formed with both, albeit with characteristic differences between the two groups.

This work introduces a paradigm where neural networks predict parameters of a quantum semi-empirical Hamiltonian rather than energies directly, achieving DFT accuracy for relative energies, forces, vibrations, and geometries at semi-empirical cost.

A self-powered artificial leaf integrating a perovskite photocathode with a noble-metal-free spinel oxide anode enables simultaneous solar-driven hydrogen production and efficient degradation of toxic hydrazine without any external bias.

The hippocampus exhibits a CA3-to-CA1 coding transformation that combines fast learning with an efficient, compressed neural code.

Authors present the EPithelial Isolate Collection (EPIC), a large skin microbiome culture collection, uncovering new species, widespread antifungal activity, and hidden biosynthetic diversity, revealing insights into the skin’s potential for microbiome-driven antimicrobial discovery.

Programmed cell death receptor-1 (PD-1) has been implicated in thymic regulation of T cell development and function. Here, the authors characterize CD8⁺ T cell development in PD-1–deficient mice and show that PD-1 constrains the emergence of an effector-like program during thymic development, thereby shaping peripheral T cell responses and exhaustion in tumours.

Circadian rhythms influence metabolism, but genetic control of glucose timing was unknown. Here, the authors show that glucose levels are under diurnal genetic regulation, implicating variants in MTNR1B and CRY2 that independently affect glucose rhythms and type 2 diabetes risk.

Human coronavirus HCoV-OC43, a prevalent cause of the common cold, shows differences between clinical isolates and tissue culture-adapted strains, raising concerns about the latter’s validity as a model. Here, the authors find that clinical isolates possess unique spike protein features affecting carbohydrate-binding properties, suggesting shared adaptation mechanisms with HCoV-HKU1 to the human sialoglycome.

Viral capsids use their genome as an assembly template, but designed proteins lack this feature. Here, the authors redesign TALE proteins to polymerize on DNA, forming linear fibers that display peptide antigens and elicit antibodies in mice.

Circadian rhythms are ~24-hour biological cycles that influence processes from immunity to metabolism, and this study explores how intracellular potassium contributes to their regulation. The authors show that potassium levels actively set the period and phase of clock gene rhythms and are essential for coupling circadian timing to cell-division cycles, making potassium an important regulator linking the circadian and cell cycles.

Kelp are major players in CO₂ removal by photosynthesis. Here, the authors obtained the structure of a key kelp photosynthetic complex with its light-harvesting antenna. Comparisons with other photosynthetic organisms shed light on antenna organization and evolution in this critical group.

Electrically controlled non-volatile resistance switching involving charge density wave states is rare and has been constrained to cryogenic temperature to date. Venturini et al. show the room-temperature electrical control of the charge-density-wave order in EuTe₄, holding promise for memory devices.

During mitosis, chromosomes undergo a dramatic metamorphosis. Here, the authors show that Condensin I, but not Condensin II, is important for establishing chromosome stiffness and elasticity, as well as for maintenance of centromeric cohesion.

The metabolite αKG promotes carnitine synthesis and increases site-specific histone acetylation, thereby promoting homologous recombination-mediated DNA repair, which has potential implications for chemoresistant cancers.