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Here, the authors show that an Entamoeba histolytica protein, KERP2, binds parasite DNA to regulate virulence genes and then enters human gut cells, disrupting actin and weakening the epithelial barrier during infection.

He et al. identify a central regulator of condensate size and dynamics in the Chlamydomonas CO₂-fixing condensate, the pyrenoid. KEY1 phosphorylates EPYC1, a linker protein for Rubisco, to maintain pyrenoid size and number through the cell cycle.

Microbially derived 10-oxostearic acid (10-oxoSA) interacts with PPARα in the colon to alleviate gut inflammation in acute and chronic mice models.

A single-cell multiomic atlas of the human maternal–fetal interface across pregnancy reveals cell types, states and spatial niches, developmental tissue architectures and transcriptional programmes, and identifies cell types with roles in pre-eclampsia, spontaneous preterm birth and miscarriage.

How motor cortex (M1) circuits adaptively organize action sequences during learning remains unclear. Here, the authors show that M1 somatostatin interneurons actively encode and regulate the temporal structure of action sequences, enabling efficient, task-specific motor execution.

Synthetic super-enhancers enable specific delivery of anticancer payloads, achieving tumour elimination after a single dose in a mouse model of aggressive glioblastoma.

The brain generates high-dimensional representations of complex sensory environments and concurrently predicts expected stimuli. Here the authors show that neural circuits that perform these computations exhibit desegregated representations of sensory stimuli and prediction errors.

This study identifies shared and distinct brain patterns underlying reappraisal and acceptance, showing how emotion regulation operates in dynamic naturalistic contexts and highlighting potential clinical markers.

This study demonstrates that overexpression of irisin, an exercise-induced myokine, ameliorates obesity and insulin resistance in high-fat-diet-fed mice by increasing local IL-33 production and preserving ST2⁺ regulatory T cells in white adipose tissues.

Inducible base editors enhance cancer genomic screens in vivo.

Dutta et al. demonstrate that the tumor suppressor complex BRCA1–BARD1 physically interacts with the RNA–DNA helicase Senataxin (SETX) and upregulates the activity of SETX to resolve harmful R-loops crucial for the avoidance of transcription–replication conflicts.

Wang, Guo, Zhang and colleagues obtain four cryo-electron microscopy snapshots that show how IscB is kept off by two RNA lids, with a car-pedal-like guide shift activating cleavage after ~11-nt pairing. They also engineer hinge regions that boost flexibility and improve genome editing in cells.

Myasthenia gravis is an autoimmune disorder characterized by impaired neuromuscular transmission. Its genetic background remains unclear, particularly beyond specific subtypes reported in European populations. Here the authors perform a genome-wide association study covering all disease subtypes in a Japanese cohort.

Bioactivity-guided isolation of specialized metabolites is an iterative process. Here, the authors demonstrate a native metabolomics approach that allows for fast screening of complex metabolite extracts against a protein of interest and simultaneous structure annotation.

ALS/FTD-linked mutations in UBQLN2, a protein quality control factor, impair degradation of enzymes essential for mitochondrial lipid catabolism, leading to metabolic dysfunction and neurodegeneration.

The authors from the ALICE collaboration identify multiple species of mesons and baryons and measure the anisotropic flow with non-flow removal techniques in pp and p-Pb collisions at the LHC, identifying the hallmark of quark flow associated with an expanding quark-gluon plasma.

Parkinson’s disease is managed through co-treatment with levodopa and tolcapone, with tolcapone altering the microbiome to increase its capacity to metabolize levodopa, implicating the gut microbiome in drug–drug interaction.

When senescent cells accumulate during adulthood they negatively influence lifespan and promote age-dependent changes in several organs; clearance of these cells delayed tumorigenesis in mice and attenuated age-related deterioration of several organs without overt side effects, suggesting that the therapeutic removal of senescent cells may be able to extend healthy lifespan.

Androgen activity in the male embryonic hindbrain prolongs hindbrain differentiation in male individuals and drives sex differences in the incidence and prognosis of posterior fossa type A (PFA) ependymoma, an aggressive childhood brain tumour.

The brittleness of as-quenched carbon martensitic steel is overcome by introducing severe lattice distortion through the addition of high concentrations of substitutional solutes and carbon. This lattice distortion transforms the traditionally detrimental crystallographic anisotropy of martensite into an effective contributor to ductility.

N-desethyl-fluornitrazene is a µ-opioid receptor agonist derived from nitazenes that has supramaximal intrinsic efficacy that produces analgesia with minimal adverse effects in rodent models.

The Human Development Multiomic Atlas catalogues single-cell accessibility and gene expression data from human fetal cells across 12 organs, enabling the inference of syntactic rules for motifs that govern cell-type-specific transcription factor binding and chromatin accessibility during human development.

Store-operated Ca²⁺ entry is essential for cellular signalling, yet excessive calcium influx drives disease. Here, authors develop genetically encoded CRAC channel inhibitory binders (CRABs) to precisely modulate Ca²⁺ signalling, with therapeutic potential in channelopathies and cancer immunotherapy.

Antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 continue to evolve 6 to 12 months after infection in patients who have recovered from COVID-19, increasing in potency and breadth with time.

Tandem duplications are a common class of structural variation in evolving genomes but are rare in healthy cells, and the DNA repair mechanisms that suppress their formation remain poorly defined. Here, the authors identify TONSL as a conserved factor that suppresses tandem duplications across species.

Analysis combining multiple global tree databases reveals that whether a location is invaded by non-native tree species depends on anthropogenic factors, but the severity of the invasion depends on the native species diversity.

A global study of 1602 soil samples identifies dominant bacterial plant pathogens and reveals microbial traits, soil carbon and climate that promote natural suppression, while climate change may increase disease risks in many regional hotspots.

Drowned carbonate platform shapes record not only sea level change but also valuable clues about past climate and ocean conditions, according to seismic-scale numerical stratigraphic experiments.

Robustness checks and reproduction of analyses with existing and updated data based on 110 articles in economics and political science journals with data and code-sharing requirements found high levels of robustness and reproducibility and determined that robustness was not dependent on author characteristics or data availability.

Argon-42 is a background in experiments that search for dark matter or neutrinoless double-beta decay. Now, the isotope’s abundance is measured by combining a laser-based atom trapping technique with isotope pre-enrichment.

AhR functions as a neuronal brake on axon regeneration, integrating environmental sensing, protein homeostasis and metabolic signalling to control the balance between stress adaptation and axonal repair.

Decreased brain volumes and increased NfL levels can be observed earlier than disease diagnosis in short-tandem-repeat-associated neurological diseases.

A study of reproducibility in a stratified random sample of 600 papers published from 2009 to 2018 in 62 journals spanning the social and behavioural sciences finds higher reproducibility among more recent papers and papers from journals that require data sharing.

A synthetic genetic circuit made up of recombinase-based cell-fate branching devices enables precise control over the ratios of cell types in an offspring population derived from one founder strain, and could be used to build user-defined multicellular aggregates.

An in vitro toolkit for studying VSG diversification defines key molecular requirements underlying the formation of mosaic VSGs, providing an experimental framework for the exploration of antigen diversification in Trypanosoma brucei and in other pathogenic microorganisms.

Polymer thin films that emit and absorb circularly polarised light are promising in achieving important technological advances, but the origin of the large chiroptical effects in such films has remained elusive. Here the authors demonstrate that in non-aligned polymer thin films, large chiroptical effects are caused by magneto-electric coupling, not structural chirality as previously assumed.

Femtosecond laser pulse-induced coherent helicity switching of magnetic vortices in permalloy disks on picosecond timescales is reported.

An outstanding question about the iron-based superconductors has been whether or not their magnetic characteristics are dominated by itinerant or localized magnetic moments. Absolute measurements and calculations of the magnetic response of undoped and Ni-doped BaFe₂As₂ indicate the latter.

Immune-related adverse events (irAEs) complicate cancer immunotherapy, necessitating cancer treatment cessation and management of irAEs. In this Progress article, Schneider et al. highlight the role of the microbiome in driving irAE development and progression, particularly immune checkpoint inhibitor-associated colitis, through clinical and preclinical evidence, emphasizing immune and microbial interactions while discussing potential therapeutic strategies to mitigate risks.

The paper reports a scalable, chemical-free plasma process that converts methane and water into high-purity, single-layer graphene oxide while co-producing hydrogen, cutting greenhouse emissions, and lowering cost compared with conventional methods.

In a prospective multi-centre cohort in China, people living in areas of high soil selenium had a 35% increased risk of incident diabetes over a 3-year study period, with a stronger effect seen for men.

Here, the authors investigate the mechanism by which human aspartate/asparagine-β-hydroxylase (AspH), a 2OG-dependent oxygenase with an atypical Fe(II) coordination environment, catalyses hydroxylation of aspartate and asparagine residues in epidermal growth factor-like domains.

A robust composite pair-exchange gate based on controlled interactions of fermionic atoms in an optical superlattice demonstrates high fidelities and long Bell-state lifetimes, marking an important step towards a fully digital fermionic quantum computer.

Genetic analyses in more than 15,000 individuals from across the Americas, including individuals with autism and family members, define the genetic landscape of autism in Latin American populations and identify significant overlap with other ancestries.

Longitudinal metatranscriptomics in a prospective cohort of 1,164 adults hospitalized for COVID-19 reveals that azithromycin offered no apparent anti-inflammatory benefit but enriched the respiratory microbiome with potential pathogens and antimicrobial resistance genes.

Lasers find ubiquitous use in physics due to their coherence, spectral purity and high intensity. Here, authors create a two-mode thermomechanically squeezed phonon laser in an optical levitation system by combining nonlinear damping with parametric modulation of the coupling between two oscillation modes.

DNA G-quadruplex (G4) structures can form at regulatory regions of transcriptionally active genes in open chromatin and are abundant in cancer states, but targeting G4-binding proteins in their native chromatin environment is challenging. Now bifunctional molecules that bind naturally occurring G4 sites and recruit ubiquitination machinery facilitate the degradation of G4-specific transcription factors and chromatin remodellers.