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The CMS experiment at CERN reports one of the highest-precision measurements of the W boson mass, finding it in line with standard model predictions and at odds with recent anomalous measurements.

When 100 social and behavioural science claims were examined, 34% of reanalyses closely matched the original results, with 74% reaching the same conclusion, revealing limited robustness of single-path analyses and the need to address analytical uncertainty.

Estimates from the Global Burden of Disease study reveal declines in chronic respiratory disease mortality between 1990 and 2023—especially during the COVID-19 pandemic—but the burdens on people affected remain substantial.

This article provides consensus-based statements from an international panel of bladder cancer experts on the use of active surveillance in non-muscle invasive bladder cancer. Consensus statements cover several aspects of active surveillance, including terminology, eligibility criteria and treatment triggers, providing a framework to guide clinical practice and trial design in this space.

Large language models (LLMs) include not only social stereotypes but also cognitive biases. As researchers work to identify, characterize and rectify these biases, we encourage the scientific community to recognize that, although often seen as errors, cognitive biases can also reflect functional, context-specific adaptations in reasoning.

Global Burden of Disease estimates show that between 1990 and 2023, the prevalence and burden of drug use disorders, inclusive of amphetamine, cannabis, cocaine and opioid use, have been increasing in high-income countries, particularly in the USA.

A global network of researchers was formed to investigate the role of human genetics in SARS-CoV-2 infection and COVID-19 severity; this paper reports 13 genome-wide significant loci and potentially actionable mechanisms in response to infection.

Chronic care manages long-term, progressive conditions, while acute care handles short-term ones. Here, authors show chronic conditions account for most of the global health burden, with 68% of DALYs and 93% of YLDs attributed to chronic care needs.

Federated learning (FL) algorithms have emerged as a promising solution to train models for healthcare imaging across institutions while preserving privacy. Here, the authors describe the Federated Tumor Segmentation (FeTS) challenge for the decentralised benchmarking of FL algorithms and evaluation of Healthcare AI algorithm generalizability in real-world cancer imaging datasets.

SARS-CoV-2 vaccination has shown reduced efficacy in patients with haematological malignancies. Here, the authors show that a third vaccine is able to enhance SARS-CoV-2 antibody responses in most cases in a cohort of 381 patients with haematological malignancies.

The CMS Collaboration reports the measurement of the spin, parity, and charge conjugation properties of all-charm tetraquarks, exotic fleeting particles formed in proton–proton collisions at the Large Hadron Collider.

Echo-enabled harmonic generation in a free-electron laser enables 45th harmonic pulses from a 264 nm wavelength seed, yielding 5.9 nm wavelength coherent output.

The authors analyze rare coding variants in 1990 individuals with congenital kidney anomalies, finding diagnostic variants in 14.1% of cases. They identify two new causal genes, ARID3A and NR6A1, along with 38 candidate genes, providing evidence for shared genetics with other developmental disorders.

Short laser pulses of femtosecond time scales are in high demand in order to explore the fast electron dynamics in light-matter interactions. Here, the authors demonstrated the compression of free electron laser pulses in the extreme ultraviolet range by using a chirped pulse amplification technique.

Whole-genome sequencing, transcriptome-wide association and fine-mapping analyses in over 7,000 individuals with critical COVID-19 are used to identify 16 independent variants that are associated with severe illness in COVID-19.

There has been considerable interest in using magnons for information processing. Such ‘magnonic’ devices will require magnetic patterning analogous to the lithographic patterns of integrated circuits. Here, Levati, Vitali and coauthors present one possible approach to this, demonstrating laser induced changes in the perpendicular magnetic anisotropy of Yttrium Iron Garnet.

Analysing camera-trap data of 163 mammal species before and after the onset of COVID-19 lockdowns, the authors show that responses to human activity are dependent on the degree to which the landscape is modified by humans, with carnivores being especially sensitive.

Human primary and metastatic tumors harbor CD4⁺ T_reg cells that can suppress antitumor immune responses. Bonnal et al. identify an intratumoral type 1 T_reg-like CD4⁺ T cell subset that expresses the transcription factor EOMES, granzyme K and CHI3L2. This EOMES⁺ T cell subset correlates with disease progression but is responsive to PD-1 checkpoint blockade immunotherapy.

Mannose is present at trace levels in blood and regulates cancer growth. Here the authors show that supraphysiological levels of mannose can also regulate macrophages, limiting their production of IL-1β and increasing resistance of mice to LPS-induced endotoxemia and DSS-induced colitis.

The quark structure of the f₀(980) hadron is still unknown after 50 years of its discovery. Here, the CMS Collaboration reports a measurement of the elliptic flow of the f₀(980) state in proton-lead collisions at a nucleon-nucleon centre-of-mass energy of 8.16 TeV, providing strong evidence that the state is an ordinary meson.

Along with a back-to-back published paper from Zielisnki and co. in this issue of Nature Immunology, this paper shows that NaCl affects CD8⁺ T cell function by counteracting the exhaustion of these cells in the tumor microenvironment.

Ataluren restored SBDS protein synthesis in three patients with Shwachman-Diamond syndrome, improving bone marrow cellularity and pancreatic function without side effects, highlighting its potential as therapeutic option for this genetic disease.

Tumor-associated neutrophils exhibit heterogeneity in breast cancer. Here, the authors identify a distinct precursor population (PreNeu) in estrogen receptor-positive tumors. PreNeu suppress homologous recombination in cancer cells, promoting error-prone DNA repair and enhancing sensitivity to PARP inhibitors.

Moreno-Loaiza et al. found that interleukin-1β, acting upon cardiac resident macrophages, promotes atrial fibrillation in mice, and this mechanism may represent a common pathway connecting various risk factors to this arrhythmia.

Mixed responses to targeted therapy within a patient are a clinical challenge. Here the authors show that TP53 loss-of-function cooperates with whole genome doubling which increases chromosomal instability. This leads to greater cellular diversity and multiple routes of resistance, which in turn promotes mixed responses to treatment.

Protection afforded by inorganic minerals is assumed to make mineral-associated organic carbon less susceptible to loss under climate change than particulate organic carbon. However, a global study of soil organic carbon from drylands suggests that this is not the case.

Multiple subpopulations of synovial tissue macrophages with varied transcriptional, phenotypic and functional features may contribute to disease flare and tissue repair in patients with active rheumatoid arthritis and patients in clinical remission.

Polarization measurements are reported for the blazar Mk501, revealing a degree of X-ray polarization that is more than twice the optical value and supporting the shock-accelerated energy-stratified electron population scenario.

Microglia proliferate in response to ischemic stroke. Here, the authors show the clonal dynamics of this proliferation and how clonality contributes to microglial heterogeneity in a mouse stroke model, revealing distinct interclonal interactions.

Double Asteroid Redirection Test (DART) mission impact on asteroid Dimophos resulted in an elliptical ejecta plume. Here, the authors show that this elliptical ejecta is due to the curvature of the asteroid and makes kinetic momentum transfer less efficient.

Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) can contribute to cancers that are driven by Sonic hedgehog (SHH) signaling. Here the authors report that lncRNA HHIP-AS1 stabilises the mRNA of dynein complex 1, thereby, promoting the pro-mitotic effects of SHH-driven tumors.

IXPE has revealed how the spin of the accreting neutron star Hercules X-1 changes in three dimensions. The spin axis of the star moves both through the star and across the sky, hinting that the crust of the star is asymmetric by almost one part in a million.

X-ray polarization measurements of the Crab nebula and pulsar by the IXPE satellite reveal a global toroidal magnetic field with large variations in local polarization, suggesting a more complex turbulence distribution than anticipated.

Studies on interferon-driven brain pathology have so far been hampered by the lack of appropriate animal models. Here the authors characterize RNASET2-deficient mice and show that neuroinflammation and brain atrophy are IFNAR1-dependent.

A genome-wide study by the Long COVID Host Genetics Initiative identifies an association between the FOXP4 locus and long COVID, implicating altered lung function in its pathophysiology.