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Rice indica varieties have higher nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) than that of japonica varieties. Here, the authors show that natural variation of OsWRKY23 and its interaction with DULL NITROGEN RESPONSE1 (DNR1)-mediated auxin accumulation play a role in NUE divergence between the two rice subspecies.

Challenges in simplicity and accessibility limit the current widespread applicability of neuromuscular models. Here, the authors present a readily fabricated, organised human motor assembloids-on-a-chip approach for neuromuscular research and hypoxia disease modelling.

Thermoelectric ionogels are promising materials for harvesting low-grade heat, though it is difficult to balance high thermoelectric performance and mechanical properties, while high humidity environments and planar device structures limit their practical applications. Here, the authors report a thermally actuated thermoelectric ionogels by tailoring the interactions between liquid crystal elastomer networks and ionic liquids and integrate it into smart devices.

This study integrated proteomics, metabolomics, and genetics in EUR and AFR populations to map QTLs and identify ancestry-specific proteins/metabolites linked to T2D risk, highlighting molecular differences in disease mechanisms across ancestries.

Suppressing ventral subicular glutamatergic neurons delays epileptogenesis, primarily through glutamatergic projections to the anterior thalamic nucleus.

Heo, Xu et al. used comprehensive plasma proteomics to identify 416 plasma proteins (294 new) associated with Alzheimer’s disease and applied machine learning to select 7 proteins that were highly predictive of Alzheimer’s disease across multiple cohorts.

Structural and biochemical studies of the monkeypox virus core protease show that it exists as an active homodimer and indicate that the substrate-binding sites of core proteases are a promising target for antiviral drugs.

Large-scale plasma proteomics of 10,527 samples from the Global Neurodegeneration Proteomics Consortium identified shared and disease-specific pathways in Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease and frontotemporal dementia.

Seo et al. present a cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) proteomic profiling of cognitively normal individuals, identifying age-associated, sex-associated, APOE ε4-associated and amyloid-associated changes. They unveil early Alzheimer’s disease CSF-specific proteomic signatures and potential therapeutic targets.

Ponds played an important role in ancient rice-growing regions such as China and India. Here, the authors find that reviving small water bodies to recycle drainage water for irrigation can reduce China’s rice production water footprint by 9% and alleviate 2-3% yield loss in dry years.

Neural mechanism underlying fear memory process is not fully understood. Here, the authors report that histamine H₁ receptor (H₁R) in medial septum cholinergic neurons is critical for contextual fear retrieval, serving as a promising target for related neurological disease.

Proteogenomic analysis of human cerebrospinal fluid by measuring 6,361 proteins in 3,506 individuals identifies new protein QTLs and highlights genetic regulation involved in neurological processes.

The mechanisms of the natural control of hepatitis B virus infection remain obscured. Here, the authors reveal that matrix stiffness influences HBV replication via YAP-mediated mechanosignaling, uncovering a novel non-cytolytic mechanism for clearing viral infections in the liver.

Two-photon upconversion of 2D exciton was enhanced by 2440-fold in doubly-resonant nanocavity due to combined field localization and Purcell effect.

Single-cell transcriptome analyses of growth phases in Escherichia coli identify a distinct transcriptional state occupied by antibiotic-tolerant persisters in which lon and yqgE have major roles.

Tuberal nucleus SST⁺ neurons respond to palatable food. The activity of these SST neurons together with their plastic inputs from the ventral subiculum play critical roles in contextually conditioned feeding.

R-loops are prevalent in mammalian genomes and involved in many fundamental cellular processes. Here, Wang et al. report that ZFP281 cooperates with BRCA2 in preventing R-loop accumulation to facilitate DNA replication in embryonic stem cells.

Blood plasma protein data was combined with machine learning models for a simple method to determine differences in organ-specific aging; the study provides a basis for the prediction of diseases and aging effects using plasma proteomics.

The spatial organisation of diffuse midline glioma-H3K27M mutant (DMG) and glioblastoma (GBM) remains to be investigated. Here, the authors integrate short-read and long-read spatial profiling of DMG and GBM to identify regulatory programs and cellular ecosystems in distinct glioma niches.

Concepcion et al. show that the volume-regulated anion channel LRRC8C mediates the transport of cGAMP in T cells, resulting in a noncanonical STING–p53-dependent suppression of Ca²⁺ influx, T cell proliferation and cytokine production.

By using light-responsive molybdate-based ionic hydrogel droplets for photo energy harvesting, can generate a voltage output of ~250 mV.

Fish consumption is considered to be the only significant dietary source of MeHg. Here the authors show that rice could also be a significant global dietary source, especially in South and Southeast Asia. International rice trade and joint ingestion of fish and rice could aggravate the MeHg exposure levels in many areas.

Immature function and fragility hinder application of hESC-derived β cells (SC-β cell) for diabetes cell therapy. Here, the authors identify ZnT8 as a gene editing target to enhance the insulin secretion and cell survival under metabolic stress by abolishing zinc transport in SC-β cells.

The interplay between superconductivity and charge density wave (CDW) gives rise to exotic quantum phenomena. Here, the authors observe magnetoresistance oscillations and an anomalous metal state due to the coexistence of superconductivity and CDW in lithium intercalated TiSe₂.

Understanding the rich electronic orders in cuprate superconductors provide insights into the mechanism of high-temperature superconductivity. Here, the authors report a distinct charge order with Little-Parks like resistance oscillations at magnetic fields up to 10 T and around T_c in lightly doped Bi₂Sr₂CaCu₂O_8+x.

We demonstrate a computational on-chip spectrometer using electrochromic filter-based computational spectral units that can be electrochemically modulated to increase the efficient sampling number for higher spectral resolution.

Excessive heat generation in batteries can result in thermal runaway and fires incidents. This Perspective examines thermal runaway characteristics and propagation and proposes thermal management strategies and fire protection measures for effective and safe battery operation.