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Improved vaccines and antivirals are needed for many enveloped viruses. Here, the authors identify sulfur-based small molecules that disrupt viral membrane properties, inhibiting fusion and entry, and safely inactivate influenza virus. The resulting inactivated influenza vaccine is protective in mice.

The distinct architecture of the Escherichia coli membrane transporter LetA mediates lipid trafficking across the bacterial envelope in partnership with the tunnel-like complex LetB.

A completely solid-state, single-chip, microwave-frequency surface acoustic wave phonon laser can generate coherent phonons from thermal noise or resonantly amplify injected phonons using only a direct current bias field.

How is specific ribosomal RNA expression precisely controlled in the malaria parasite? Dr. Couble et al. show that a switch between distinct energy-generating pathways during parasite development directly impacts the accessibility to rDNA chromatin.

A high-resolution transcriptomic and epigenomic cell-type atlas of the developing mouse visual cortex from embryonic to postnatal development is presented, providing a real-time dynamic molecular map associated with individual cell types and specific developmental events.

Intracellular redox state orchestrates a self-reinforcing circuit connecting hypoxia inducible factor 1α-dependent signalling with post-translational regulation of the metabolic enzyme isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 to govern intestinal stem cell fate.

Long-distance migration and dispersion is a common characteristic of nearly all classes of telencephalic GABAergic neurons, which diversify extensively after birth in the cortex and striatum, but show limited postnatal changes in the septum, preoptic area and pallidum.

Thorium-234 provides a time-sensitive geochemical tracer to identify the extent of deep-sea mining sediment plume deposition, enabling detection of recent impacts and supporting long-term environmental management.

This study presents a BRET biosensor that measures how anticancer drugs cooperatively engage PRMT5 complexes in cells, revealing how cellular metabolites such as SAM and MTA enhance drug action and enable precision therapies for MTAP-deleted tumors.

Spatial relationships between clustered proteins within synapses shape neurotransmission. Here, NMDA receptors are shown to align with only a subset of presynaptic release sites, suggesting a structural mechanism controls NMDAR-mediated synaptic transmission.

Perineural invasion and cancer-induced nerve injury of tumour-associated nerves are associated with poor response to anti-PD-1 therapy, which can be reversed by combining anti-PD-1 therapy with anti-inflammatory interventions.

A microfluidic setup for nanoliter-volume perfused clonal culture and imaging of thousands of nonadherent cells is applied to study signaling and proliferation in hematopoietic stem cells.

An efficient quantum thermal simulation algorithm that exhibits detailed balance, respects locality, and serves as a self-contained model for thermalization in open quantum systems.

Organismal ageing is driven by conserved biological processes. Here the authors build on a comparative RNA-seq analysis in three model organisms to demonstrate that the gene, bcat-1, which catalyses the degradation of branched-chain amino acids, regulates lifespan in worms.

Yang–Mills theory is the basis of the standard model of particle physics. The Yang–Mills Millennium Prize problem, to show that the theory is mathematically well defined and that it has the mass gap property, is one of the great challenges of mathematical physics. This Review explores the problem from both physical and mathematical points of view and surveys promising approaches from recent years.

Degraders of SMARCA2/4 have so far relied on bivalent designs. Here, a targeted discovery campaign identified the first monovalent degraders, revealing a highly potent, selective compound that recruits FBXO22 through a covalent mechanism.

Post-translational modifications (PTMs) are important for the stability and function of many therapeutic proteins. Here, the authors develop a high-throughput workflow combining cell-free gene expression with AlphaLISA to rapidly characterize and engineer PTMs on both proteins and peptides.

Heart failure is characterised by a detrimental rise in the intracellular sodium concentration. Here the authors show that this reversibly reprogrammes energy metabolism in the heart making this a possible therapeutic target for the development of new drugs.

SMNDC1 is a splicing factor that binds arginine methylation with its Tudor domain. Here, the authors study the protein’s phase-separating behavior and develop small-molecule Tudor domain inhibitors that perturb SMNDC1 function.

CURT1/CurT proteins, known for shaping thylakoid membranes in photosynthetic organisms, play a newly found role in coordinating cell division and symmetry. Being shared in cyanobacteria and green algae this role is likely phylogenetically ancient.

The IRE1α-XBP1 arm of the unfolded protein response (UPR) has been associated with immunosuppression and cancer progression. Here the authors show that IRE1α-XBP1 activation is associated with poor overall survival in patients with non-small cell lung cancer and that IRE1α loss in cancer cells promotes anti-tumor immune responses in lung cancer preclinical models.

Energetic particle irradiation can lead to surface smoothing, pattern formation or degradation of the structural integrity of nuclear reactor components. Here, molecular dynamics simulations are used to study the mechanisms that determine the transitions between these disparate processes.

Necroptosis is a regulated form of inflammatory cell death driven by activated MLKL. Here, the authors identify a mutation in the brace region that confers constitutive activation, leading to lethal inflammation in homozygous mutant mice and providing insight into human mutations in this region.

In vivo loss-of-function CRISPR screens were performed to identify genes influencing CAR T cell persistence and function in human multiple myeloma, highlighting CDKN1B as a promising target.

Self-assembled multidomain supramolecular peptide hydrogels that engage in dynamic covalent bonding with small-molecule drugs and biologics are shown to offer sustained release, extend the activity, and maintain safe and potent drug levels in vivo.

Larval dispersal of clownfish and butterflyfish across a 10,000 km² area was tracked over 2 years, a large enough scale to inform the design of marine reserve networks and test their performance.

There is considerable interest in transitioning industrial thermocatalytic reactions to renewable-driven processes, but the electrification of such reactions has been challenging. Now, it has been shown that bridging non-aqueous chemistry with aqueous electrochemistry through aqueous–non-aqueous interfacial proton-coupled electron transfer can enable electricity-driven hydrogen peroxide production.

Using voltage imaging, the authors show that interneurons in the hippocampus sharpen memory-encoding-activity by increasing the signal-to-noise ratio of pyramidal neuron sensory representations during working memory in mice.

 A transcriptomic cell-type atlas of the whole adult mouse brain with ~5,300 clusters built from single-cell and spatial transcriptomic datasets with more than eight million cells reveals remarkable cell type diversity across the brain and unique cell type characteristics of different brain regions. 

Mélange is reported to be thinner in summer during glacier terminus retreat and thicker in winter during terminus advance. A discrete element model is created to estimate the forces that mélange exerts to buttress Greenland glaciers.

Asteroid interiors are key to understand their formation and evolution. Here, the authors show that numerically simulated low-cohesion and low-friction structures with several high-cohesion internal zones can explain asteroid Bennu’s geophysical characteristics and the absence of the moons.

Accurate control of the spatial location and the emission wavelength of single photon emitters (SPEs) in van der Waals materials is a crucial yet challenging endeavour. Here, the authors use an electron beam to generate SPE ensembles in high purity synthetic hBN with enhanced spatial accuracy and emission reproducibility.

Liquid crystalline elastomers (LCE) exhibit shape transformation when subjected to various stimuli, but the achievable thickness of LCE films is limited. Here the authors demonstrate arbitrarily thick LCE films that are continuous in composition and maintain the director orientation, prescribed into the material.

Post-infectious myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome (PI-ME/CFS) is a disabling disorder, yet the clinical phenotype is poorly defined and the pathophysiology unknown. Here, the authors conduct deep phenotyping of a cohort of PI-ME/CFS patients.

Disulfide-based dimerization of modified identical and heterologous nanobody scaffolds enables higher-order assembly for high-resolution cryo-electron microscopy structure determination that is widely applicable to small protein targets.

Remyelination can restore neural function. Here, the authors characterize the drivers and limits of endogenous remyelination and explore a therapy that rescued remyelination deficits and accelerated neuronal functional recovery, although complete remyelination was not required.

Malaria control and elimination require environmentally safe strategies. Here, the authors propose L-DOPA, a naturally occurring tyrosine derivative, as a mosquito dietary intervention that can shorten lifespan and reduce malaria parasite burden of female Anopheles gambiae mosquitoes.

Noel et al. show aberrant updating of expectations in three distinct mouse models of autism spectrum disorder. Brain-wide neurophysiology data suggest this stems from excess units encoding deviations from prior mean and a lack of sensory prediction errors in frontal areas.

The early steps in the evolution of multicellularity are poorly understood. Here, Ratcliff et al. show that multicellularity can rapidly evolve in the green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, demonstrating that single-cell developmental bottlenecks may evolve rapidly via co-option of the ancestral phenotype.

The placement of nanomaterials at predefined locations is a key requirement for their integration in nanoelectronic devices. Here, the authors devise a method allowing placement of solution-based nanomaterials by using structured graphene layers as deposition sites with the aid of an electric field.

The mechanisms driving epithelial regeneration in the colon are not well understood. Here, the authors show that IFN-γ, produced by immune cells in response to chemically induced colitis, acts as a central driver of crypt reorganization by inducing apoptosis and extrusion of BMP2-expressing colonocytes.

Fast settling rates of suspended silt and clay particles suggest that mud in rivers is largely flocculated and part of suspended bed-material load.