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Results from integrative population-based investigations indicate co-occurring types of clonal hematopoiesis are highly enriched and markedly increase blood cancer risk, highlighting new opportunities for early detection and targeted surveillance of high-risk individuals.

Global analysis of obesity trends from 1980 to 2024 in 200 countries and territories using data from 4,050 population-based studies reveals that framing obesity as a single global epidemic masks the highly varied dynamics across countries and age groups.

PTCHD1-AS, which encodes a long non-coding RNA, is associated with the aetiology of autism spectrum disorder in humans through striatal molecular and circuit-level dysregulation.

Comprehensive, multinational validation of the PREVENT and SCORE2 cardiovascular risk scores, used in the United States and Europe, respectively, in 44 observational studies and 18 randomized trials, shows similar performance for the two risk scores and generally good performance across geographical regions.

Understanding collective behaviour is an important aspect of managing the pandemic response. Here the authors show in a large global study that participants that reported identifying more strongly with their nation reported greater engagement in public health behaviours and support for public health policies in the context of the pandemic.

Stem-cell loss can trigger dedifferentiation, but its efficiency was unclear. Differentiated epithelial cells, including aged ones, retain plasticity to regain native-like stemness transcriptome and lifelong function through niche cytokines.

A cross-organ, multi-omics U-shaped relationship between sleep duration and biological ageing clocks highlights the potential of sleep optimization to promote healthy ageing, lower disease risk and extend longevity.

Integration of data representing 35,120 brain scans from diverse global studies enables construction of reference charts that define normative microstructural and macrostructural properties across the human lifespan for research and clinical diagnosis.

Global Burden of Disease analysis found that in 2023, suboptimal diet was estimated to be responsible for 4 million deaths and 97 million morbidity burdens from ischemic heart disease.

Here, the authors show that endothelial cells lining the blood vessels and red blood cells continually exchange glycocalyx sugars on their surface in health and disease. These exchanges enable the prediction of blood vessel damage by studying simultaneous red blood cell damage.

l-2-Hydroxyglutarate is identified as a legitimate physiological signalling metabolite, and control of its levels is essential for postnatal growth and survival and correct renal development and function.

The Scalesia plant radiation displays striking leaf-shape variation within Galápagos microclimates. Genome-wide analyses shows that lobed leaves evolved repeatedly through diversifying selection on diverse developmental regulators.

The cellular origin and developmental trajectory of DICER1 syndrome-associated tumors are currently unknown. Here, the authors employ a lineage-traceable genetically modified mouse model for DICER1 syndrome to identify universal fibroblasts as the likely cellular origin of mouse Dicer1 sarcoma and map their developmental trajectory, findings that are validated in human DICER1 mesenchymal tumors.

Autorino et al. report a feedback loop between Nodal signalling and tissue phase transitions in zebrafish embryos. Nodal alters adhesion, triggering tissue rigidification and reduced porosity, which limits its diffusion and speeds up Lefty expression.

A large-scale study on the replicability of claims from social and behavioural science journals reports that about half of the results replicate in the same patterns as the original study.

Androgens have distinct roles in the brain, acting as immune-based tumour suppressors through neuroinflammation and neuroendocrine mechanisms.

Here, in a randomized clinical trial, the authors report that an experimental young child formula containing a combination of Limosilactobacillus reuteri DSM 17938 and galacto-oligosaccharides enhances bone and muscle development in early life through modulation of the microbiome.

The authors report that Ta-doped PbTiO₃ films with a p-i-n structure can generate a high photovoltaic current, offering the opportunity to advanced optoelectronic and imaging devices.

A transient grey matter microgliosis is required for remyelination, the failure of which results in a chronic neuroinflammatory state seen in neurodegenerative disorders.

Here, Wulczynski et al. find fewer small-intestinal fiber-degrading bacteria in CeD patients, independent of the gluten-free diet, while inulin-supplemented diet in gluten-sensitized mice facilitates microbial saccharolytic function and SCFAs, accelerating mucosal healing in the small intestine.

Bohn et al. present and test a model to explain how children combine information during word learning. They conclude that children become more sensitive to individual information sources with age, but the way they integrate information remains stable.

Mapping DNA variants that modulate mortality using a starting population of 6,438 young mice defined 29 distinct loci that influence lifespan and mortality with divergent age- and sex-specific effects, as well as 30 loci that specifically couple body mass with longevity.

Kozlova et al. report a functional role for NDRG1 in regulating R-loops and DNA repair, thereby linking cancer-associated fibroblast-derived extracellular matrix to chemotherapy responses in pancreatic cancer.

Here the authors show in a longitudinal cohort with up to 3 years follow-up that paediatric long COVID comprises temporally structured immunometabolic subgroups shaped by disease phase, EBV imprinting and autoreactivity. Recovery-associated features track with milder impairment and support stratification.

In mice, female aggression is governed by an amygdala–to–medial hypothalamus circuit that is strengthened during pregnancy and is dynamically amplified by oxytocin during lactation.

The study presents CLUES, an open-source workflow that automates linking global environmental data with geolocated biomedical data, enabling scalable research while supporting FAIR data practices and privacy-aware integration.

Heterochronic human serum in a microphysiological system of hiPSC-derived white adipose tissue–liver axis allows the study of aging and rejuvenation in humans.

Here they identify TBL/R1 as regulator of insulin levels and pancreatic β-cell identity. Mice with β-cell TBL/R1 deficiency display diabetes and interactome screens reveal a regulatory network including PAX6, verified in human β-cells.

Drawing on survey data from 30 countries, Bor et al. find that online political hostility is higher in more unequal and less democratic societies.

Newly developed mouse models that enable cell-specific analyses of proteostasis dynamics across the lifespan of the mice reveal key aspects of neuronal proteostasis with ageing.

Snyder et al. analyze two population-based birth cohorts to test associations of newborn metabolite concentrations and childhood respiratory outcomes. C4, C10:1, C18:2, and citrulline are associated with early-life wheezing and asthma, with C18:2 specifically associated with increased non-allergic asthma risk.

This Review outlines the fundamental role of chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell therapy for children, adolescents and young adults (CAYAs) with relapsed and/or refractory B cell acute lymphoblastic leukaemia, emphasizing the crucial need to further exploit CAR T cells and other immunotherapies to improve survival with broadened access across disease states. Opportunities and challenges for expanding CAR T cell therapy to other haematological and non-haematological malignancies in CAYAs are also discussed.

Here, the authors elucidate TMPRSS2 protease recognition of the SARS-CoV-2 spike S₂′ cleavage site, revealing the molecular basis of activation of membrane fusion, and show that antibodies recognizing the S₂′ site or TMPRSS2 block viral entry by interfering with TMPRSS2 access.

A multicountry cohort study found that prediction models combining clinical parameters with either pulse oximetry or the host biomarker sTREM1 more accurately identified febrile children needing referral than standard WHO criteria.

Turquoise killifish are naturally short-lived vertebrates that serve as a model system for aging. The authors show that killifish exhibit age-related transformation in the immune system, which rapidly develops inflammation, genome instability and functional decline.

Longitudinal metatranscriptomics in a prospective cohort of 1,164 adults hospitalized for COVID-19 reveals that azithromycin offered no apparent anti-inflammatory benefit but enriched the respiratory microbiome with potential pathogens and antimicrobial resistance genes.

Breeding crops with delayed senescence could plausibly increase grain yield. Here the authors show that variation at the rice SGR locus contributes to differences in senescence between indica and japonica subspecies and show that introgression can increase yield in an elite indica rice variety.

Adolescents are prone to risky decisions. In a two-step approach, splitting a database of adolescents’ responses in a foraging task into discovery and confirmation samples, Bach et al. show that sex is the largest predictor of risky decisions.

Desmoplastic small round cell tumor (DSRCT), a very rare and understudied sarcoma, presents serious challenges for both diagnosis and treatment. Here, the authors employ multi-omics profiling on 30 refractory DSRCT patients to improve the diagnosis and identify potentially actionable targets for individualized DSRCT treatment.

Whole-blood NAD⁺ levels are found to remain remarkably stable across age and lifestyle interventions in humans, challenging the use of blood NAD⁺ levels as a biomarker of ageing or lifestyle.

Arboviruses often co-circulate, but cross-reactivity hampers serological diagnostics. Here, the authors paired multiplex serology with competitive immunoassays and Bayesian modelling to quantify antibody cross-reactivity and extract virus-specific signals from exposure data, enabling reconstruction of transmission dynamics.

While the mitochondrial Ca²⁺ uniporter (MCU) is typically recognized as a mitochondria-specific protein, MCU-S is a shorter isoform that forms Ca²⁺ channels at the plasma membrane. In platelets, MCU-S can serve as an additional Ca2+ influx pathway for platelet activation, suggesting a distinct function from the canonical function of full-length MCU.