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Estimates from the Global Burden of Disease study reveal declines in chronic respiratory disease mortality between 1990 and 2023—especially during the COVID-19 pandemic—but the burdens on people affected remain substantial.

Battery health can rapidly decline after subtle early warning signs. Here the authors embed machine learning into test stations to read voltage–current profiles for state perception and adjusting charging strategies, extending solid-state battery life by suppressing harmful interface reactions.

The integration of organic and enzymatic synthesis enhances molecule construction efficiency. Here, the authors present ChemEnzyRetroPlanner, an AI-driven platform for automated hybrid synthesis planning, improving synthesis route efficiency and sustainability.

Conditional knockout of LARP4 in naive CD4⁺ T cells leads to attenuated quiescence exit and clonal expansion.

Red light- or ultrasound-controlled proximity labelling is engineered to stimulate clustering-induced receptor activation and downstream signalling amplification to promote antitumour immune responses.

C-C bond scission of unstrained cycloketones with high regioselectivity is a challenging synthetic task. Here, the authors show a facile C-C cleavage of cyclohexanones and cyclopentanones with unusual selectivity under mild conditions with the aid of an in situ formed side-chain aryl radical.

In this work the authors present Token-Mol, a token-only 3D drug design model, which deploys the Gaussian cross-entropy (GCE) loss function for regression tasks. It exhibits superior performance in molecular conformation generation, property prediction, and pocket-based generation, thus opening up new avenues for drug design.

Substantial open-circuit voltage loss and inherent non-radiative recombination hinder efficiency improvements in wide-bandgap perovskite solar cells. Here the authors augment two-dimensional perovskite phases on the surface to promote (100) facet growth on three-dimensional perovskite facets, improving the open-circuit voltage and efficiency of the resulting wide-bandgap perovskite solar cells.

Gene regulatory circuits (GRCs) regulate many biological processes including cell cycle, cell differentiation, and phenotypic switching. Stochasticity in the gene expression impacts the dynamics and functions of such GRCs. Vivek Kohar and Mingyang Lu from Jackson Laboratory have developed a systems-biology modeling method stochastic random circuit perturbation (sRACIPE), which takes the GRC topology as the only input, and simulates an ensemble of models with random kinetic parameters at multiple noise levels. Statistical analysis of the generated gene expressions reveals the basin of attraction and stability of various phenotypic states and their changes associated with intrinsic and extrinsic noises. Application of the method to single cell expression data from synthetic circuits and epithelial-mesenchymal transition in squamous cell carcinoma shows its potential in yielding new insights on the structure and function of gene regulatory networks.

Generative models face challenges with low synthesizability of generated molecules. Here, authors develop ClickGen, a deep learning model using modular reactions and reinforcement learning to generate highly diverse, novel, and synthesizable molecules

To improve the tolerance of perovskite solar cells against high temperatures and temperature variations, Dong et al. covalently cross-link two molecules in the charge transport layer to strengthen adhesion with the perovskite layer.

Voice communication faces challenges from noise and obstructions. Here, the authors present a flexible PMUT-based wearable sensor, focusing on signal capture, noise resistance, and applications in HMI, IoT, and speech disorder assistance.

Whole-genome sequencing of 175 Mongolians representing six tribes highlights population-specific genetic architecture and substantial gene flow among northern Eurasian populations, including derived alleles shared by Mongolians and Finns.

This work reports a self-polymerization confinement strategy to develop and synthesize carbon-supported metal catalysts with high metal loading. Efficient Fenton reactivity is observed for samples containing well dispersed iron sites.

Most genetic studies have been done on European cohorts, which affects the efficacy of polygenic risk scores in non-European populations. Here, the authors demonstrate that a colorectal cancer PRS including Asian and European ancestries has improved performance over the European-centric PRS across racial and ethnic groups.

Integrated single-cell atlases of human fetal cerebella and MBs show potential cell populations predisposed to transformation and regulatory circuitries underlying tumour cell states and oncogenesis, highlighting hitherto unrecognized transitional progenitor intermediates predictive of disease prognosis.

Reactive radical intermediates can be a problem leading to fast degradation of organic electrodes in sodium-ion batteries. Here, the authors show a stabilized α-C radical displaying reversible transformations between C=C, α-C radical and α-C anionic states to facilitate long cycling and improved capacity.

Early intermittent feeding of mice with a high-cholesterol Western-type diet accelerates atherosclerosis compared with late continuous exposure to the Western-type diet, despite similar cumulative circulating LDL-C levels.

Here, the authors investigate the genetic architecture and neuroimaging signatures of cognitive processing speed and accuracy, two fundamental dimensions underlying cognitive abilities. They also identify links between these two factors and lifestyle, mental health and cognitive development.

Combining generative models and reinforcement learning has become a promising direction for computational drug design, but it is challenging to train an efficient model that produces candidate molecules with high diversity. Jike Wang and colleagues present a method, using knowledge distillation, to condense a conditional transformer model to make it usable in reinforcement learning while still generating diverse molecules that optimize multiple molecular properties.

A certified efficiency of 26.4% in all-perovskite tandem solar cells, exceeding that of the best-performing single-junction perovskite solar cells, is achieved by control over surface defects in the Pb–Sn subcell.

Superconductivity can emerge from a strange-metal state, but the exact relationship between them is unknown. Now, quantitative measurements reveal the dependence of resistivity in the strange metal on the superconducting transition temperature.

Analysis of data from the Born in Guangzhou Cohort Study comprising mainly of trios and mother–infant pairs reveals novel East Asian-specific genetic associations with maternal bile acid, gestational weight gain and infant cord blood traits.

Histopathological analysis is an essential tool in diagnosing colorectal cancer, but is limited in predicting prognosis and molecular profiles. Here, the authors designed a machine learning-based platform to predict multi-omics profiles and prognosis from pathology images.

While chlorinated compounds are ubiquitous in chemical synthesis, they have a negative impact on human health and the environment. Now, a sustainable tandem catalytic process has been developed that uses chlorine-containing waste as chlorination reagents. This approach represents a promising way for the viable management of chlorinated compounds.

Hepatic inflammation contributes to the development of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). Here, the authors show that a transfer of ex vivo generated CD4 derived double negative T cells can prevent the development and progression of NASH by suppression of inflammatory Th17 cells and M1 macrophages in mouse models.

Physical activity has been linked to lower risks of colorectal and breast cancer. Here, the authors present a Mendelian randomisation analysis supporting a potentially causal relationship between higher physical activity levels and lower risks of breast cancer and colorectal cancer.

Insect salivary protein (BISP) targets OsRLCK185 to suppress defence in susceptible plants, whereas in resistant plants BISP binds BPH14 to activate host plant resistance. To restore cellular homeostasis, the resistance mechanism is fine-tuned by selective autophagy.

Nanoparticle elasticity is known to affect physiological fate but how this occurs is largely unknown. Here, the authors report on a study using nanoparticles differing in elasticity alone to show a difference in the protein corona, in particular apolipoprotein A-1 absorption, corresponds to differences in circulation time.

The electronic surface states of bismuth present promise for applications exploiting spin and valley degrees of freedom however their study is inhibited by bulk states. Here, the authors directly access the surface-state Landau levels of ultrathin bismuth films under a perpendicular magnetic field.

Three-dimensional liquid metal structures can be created by manipulating ductile gallium–indium alloy wires that are then encapsulated in an elastomer and heated to recover their fluidity, and can remain in a liquid state for a range of temperatures due to a supercooling effect.

Phycobilisomes are megacomplexes in cyanobacteria that capture light. Here, authors characterize a relict paddle-shaped phycobilisome structure, revealing phycobilisome diversity prior to the development of thylakoids.