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Cancer patients are at an increased risk of suicide: elderly, white, unmarried males with localized disease are at highest risk vs other cancer patients. Among those diagnosed at < 50 years of age, the plurality of suicides is from hematologic and testicular tumors; if > 50, from prostate, lung, and colorectal cancer patients.

Researchers demonstrate phase-stable sub-cycle self-compressed light transients, as well as their sampling down to half of an optical cycle, and determine their waveform phase offset. They apply the transients to soft X-ray high-harmonic generation and attosecond X-ray absorption spectroscopy.

Geminin regulates DNA replication by binding CDT1 and preventing MCM helicase loading. Using a reconstituted system and structural modelling, the authors find geminin inhibits via steric clash with MCM, not by blocking the CDT1–MCM interface. Combined with CDK activity, it fully halts licensing.

The evolutionary diversification of an exocyst subunit was enabled by electrostatic shifts leading to its dissociation from the ancestral complex.

Activity in a set of parabranchial neurons in the mouse brain is increased during chronic pain, predicts coping behaviour, and can be modulated by circuits activated by survival threats.

Large swathes of standing dead trees or ‘ghost forests’ can form owing to rising sea levels in coastal areas, but the extent to which this occurs is unclear. This study maps ghost forests at the individual tree level along the US Atlantic coastal region.

In this work, Wilson et al., examined sharing of Salmonella between humans, animals and the environment using household samples from Malawi. They revealed an interconnected web of Salmonella circulation, underscoring the importance of the One Health concept.

In this phase 1 trial, treatment of patients with fibrolamellar hepatocellular carcinoma with a therapeutic peptide vaccine targeting the fusion kinase DNAJB1–PRKACA, which is the driver of the disease, together with nivolumab and ipilimumab, was safe and led to encouraging preliminary clinical responses, and translational analysis showed activation of immune responses.

Water-vapor interfaces have been studied with many techniques, yet open questions persist about their electronic and molecular structure. Here, the authors demonstrate the application of soft x-ray second harmonic generation to study the water surface by leveraging attosecond pulses at the LCLS and a flat liquid sheet microjet, providing insights on the H-bond structure.

Intermolecular coupling plays a critical role in singlet fission. Now, high-resolution 2D white-light spectroscopy has been used to map the presence of non-equilibrium molecular packing in single TIPS-pentacene microcrystals and characterize its effect on the dynamics of singlet fission.

Multi-instrument detection of a nearby type 1a supernova shows that the exploding star was probably a carbon–oxygen white dwarf star in a binary system with a main-sequence companion.

Authors measure plasma proteins in a cohort of hospitalised patients presenting to the emergency department with suspected infection, revealing six discrete host response clusters that were driven by pathogen exposure and organ dysfunction, and had distinct clinical characteristics, hospital courses, and responses to treatment.

How lung epithelial and endothelial cells develop into alveoli is a major knowledge gap, with implications for lung repair in preterm infants. Here, the authors establish a transcriptomic atlas of human neonatal lung disease, identifying semaphorins as pivotal mediators of organogenesis and injury.

LARGE1 glycosyltransferase synthesizes matriglycan (xylose-glucuronate)_n on dystroglycan, and short matriglycan can cause neuromuscular disorders. Authors show that LARGE1 processively polymerizes matriglycan of defined length on prodystroglycan.

Dormant liver stages of Plasmodium vivax complicate malaria elimination efforts by causing relapses that obscure the efficacy of antimalarial treatments. Here, the authors develop a high-throughput amplicon sequencing assay to reconstruct P. vivax lineages, demonstrating its capacity for geospatial infection tracking, and distinguishing recurrent malaria caused by new infections versus untreated dormant liver stages.

The role of individual lipid species in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is not fully understood. Here, the authors performed global lipidomics on post-mortem dorsolateral prefrontal cortex collected from 316 participants in the ROSMAP cohort including asymptomatic and symptomatic AD.

The flagship paper of the ICGC/TCGA Pan-Cancer Analysis of Whole Genomes Consortium describes the generation of the integrative analyses of 2,658 cancer whole genomes and their matching normal tissues across 38 tumour types, the structures for international data sharing and standardized analyses, and the main scientific findings from across the consortium studies.

The spinal interneuron population dynamics underlying flexible pattern generation remain not fully understood. Here, the authors present that spinal interneuron state space trajectories capture fine-grained variations in muscle timing and magnitude, with millisecond and microvolt precision, offering new insights into the neural control of locomotion.

Lapique, Kim, and colleagues present an open-source approach together with an online probe design platform for in situ RNA and protein analysis. This is an easy-to-use approach that enables vast feature detection, with cycling times under 20 minutes per feature.

Structural characterization of two influenza hemagglutinin stem antibodies reveals binding to non-competing epitopes and the evolution of antigenicity of the hemagglutinin stem, which is a target for developing broadly protective influenza vaccines.

MYC-driven medulloblastoma is highly aggressive and associated with poor survival. Here, the authors perform single nuclei multi-omic analysis of matched primary and recurrent tumours and identify potential resistance mechanisms and targetable pathways.

Across 13 longitudinal studies (3,737 adults), the authors show that brain atrophy parallels memory loss, with a stronger coupling in later life. APOE ε4 increases decline, yet genetic risk does not modify the brain–memory relationship.

SuShiE is a multiancestry fine-mapping method for molecular quantitative trait loci that leverages linkage disequilibrium heterogeneity to improve resolution, infer cross-ancestry effect size correlations and estimate ancestry-specific expression prediction weights.

Down syndrome causes extensive Alzheimer’s disease pathology in all individuals and has been instrumental in development of the amyloid hypothesis in AD. Here, the authors use proteomics on Down syndrome spinal fluid and brain tissues to illustrate the common and unique changes in DSAD compared to other genetic forms of AD and the more common late-onset form of the disease.

Integrating molecular and anatomical data in the mouse brain requires flexible, reproducible mapping tools. Here the authors demonstrate ANTsX-based workflows for aligning MERFISH, fMOST, MRI, and LSFM data into shared coordinate frameworks.

Global shark and ray populations have declined sharply, driven by expanding fisheries and inequitable gaps in catch, trade and distribution data. This Review assesses global status, highlights drivers of decline, and outlines the regulatory, market-based and conservation actions needed to reduce mortality and reverse shark and ray biodiversity loss.

A genome-wide association meta-analysis study of blood lipid levels in roughly 1.6 million individuals demonstrates the gain of power attained when diverse ancestries are included to improve fine-mapping and polygenic score generation, with gains in locus discovery related to sample size.

The Bolwig’s organ of Drosophilalarvae consists of 12 photoreceptors and is assumed to have very limited image-resolving properties. Justice and colleagues report that these larvae can recognize the motion of other larvae and that this can be replicated using a computer screen displaying images of larvae.

Defining the spatial organization of tissues and organs like the brain from large datasets is a major challenge. Here, authors introduce CellTransformer, an AI tool that defines spatial domains in the mouse brain based on spatial transcriptomics, a technology that measures which genes are active in different parts of tissue.

Conventional design of perovskite heterojunctions face challenges in precisely controlling interfacial phase purity at nanoscale. Here, the authors introduce dimethyl sulfide as a soft Lewis base additive in organic cation solution, achieving certified efficiency of 26.48% in stable solar cells.

RNA G-quadruplexes (rG4s) are structures formed in guanine-rich regions of RNA that can serve as crucial regulatory elements in gene expression. Here the authors present an RNA language model for transcriptome-wide prediction of rG4s and genetic variants that disrupt or create them.

Here, the authors present fossilized neural traits from the lower Cambrian euarthropod Jianfengia multisegmentalis, including structured eyestalks and compound eyes, that resolve multiple phylogenetic relationships within Euarthropoda.

JWST and Keck II spectral observations of Saturn’s moon Titan reveal methyl (CH₃) as well as non-local thermodynamic equilibrium emission bands of CO and CO₂. Imaging shows clouds in Titan’s northern hemisphere at several epochs, with some appearing to evolve in altitude.

Brains and neuromorphic systems learn with local learning rules in online-continual learning scenarios. Designing neural networks that learn effectively under these conditions is challenging. The authors introduce a neural network that implements an effective, principled approach to local, online-continual learning on associative memory tasks.

This study maps the connections of layer 5 pyramidal neurons in the mouse cortex, revealing distinct local and intercortical wiring patterns, and provides an open framework for exploring the connectivity of cell types.

During membrane fusion, lipid bilayers come into direct contact but rearrangements of lipid domains during fusion have not been thoroughly examined. Here the authors observe and correlate membrane morphology, interaction forces and domain rearrangements during hemifusion of two model membranes.

Vaccine-derived poliovirus type 2 currently spreads similarly to historical poliovirus—unidirectionally across neighbouring countries at a median velocity of 2.3 km per day. International borders are associated with slower velocity when immunity is high.

Dry reforming of methane (DRM) offers a promising route to convert greenhouse gases into valuable syngas, yet its industrial application is limited by catalyst deactivation and carbon deposition under severe conditions. Here, the authors introduce a Ce-modified, Ni-exsolved perovskite catalyst that exhibits synergistic effects, enabling highly efficient and durable DRM performance.

Oat is an important food crop, but the genetic diversity within the gene pool remains unclear. Here, the authors report the analyses of worldwide diversity and population structure of hexaploid oat, and identify signatures of structural rearrangements within the germplasm collection.

Viral proteins can achieve high multifunctionality, but mechanisms are poorly understood. This study shows structural flexibility of rabies virus P protein enables RNA binding and phase separation to expand functions by infiltrating host condensates.

An ultra-rapid 3D immunostaining protocol can uniformly label organ-scale tissues.

The authors identify defective viral particles, in people with non-suppressible HIV-1, that can replicate through superinfection and interfere with the wild-type virus. However, they show no evidence of these preventing disease progression in the individuals studied.

Polygenic risk scores can help identify individuals at higher risk of type 2 diabetes. Here, the authors characterise a multi-ancestry score across nearly 900,000 people, showing that its predictive value depends on demographic and clinical context and extends to related traits and complications.

As presented at the ESMO Congress 2025: Results of the phase 2/3 AGITG DYNAMIC-III trial show that de-escalated chemotherapy based on ctDNA-negative status in patients with stage III colon cancer did not meet non-inferiority for 3-year recurrence-free survival when compared to standard of care, although it enables better informed treatment decisions.

Metabolic strategies of cave microorganisms are poorly studied. Here, the authors show that cave microbes use atmospheric trace gases hydrogen, carbon monoxide and methane as energy and carbon sources, sustaining primary production and revealing how life can thrive in oligotrophic and dark ecosystems.