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The kagome magnet Co₃Sn₂S₂ has complex magnetic behaviour and a topological band structure that yields a large anomalous Hall effect. Guguchia et al. find phase separation between ferro- and anti-ferromagnetic orders and that the volume-wise competition controls the anomalous Hall conductivity

Knowing whether a quantum phase transition is first- or second-order is crucial for understanding any associated exotic phenomena, but direct experimental evidence has been scarce. Here, Frandsen et al. report first-order magnetic quantum phase transitions in archetypal Mott systems, providing insight into the underlying quantum fluctuations.

Using whole-brain MRSI, this study builds a metabolic connectome derived from five metabolite signals. It reveals a network topology balancing local similarity and global diversity, mirroring structural, cytoarchitectonic and genetic organization.

Non-equilibrium two-dimensional melting is less understood than its equilibrium counterpart. Now it is shown that topologically driven melting in a two-dimensional crystal of charged colloids is the same irrespective of the mechanisms that generate the defects

The study reports the discovery of a persistent bow shock around a diskless magnetic accreting white dwarf, revealing a powerful energy-loss mechanism that challenges current models of accretion and compact binary evolution.

Humanity’s Last Exam, a multi-modal benchmark at the frontier of human knowledge, is designed to be an expert-level closed-ended academic benchmark with broad subject coverage.

With rich, multi-layered baseline data and long-term follow-up through linkage, the HELIOS Study provides a resource to investigate the behavioural, environmental, genomic, and molecular factors impacting health in Asian populations.

Results from the phase ELAD 2 trial reveal that liraglutide is safe and well tolerated in people with mild to moderate Alzheimer’s disease but does not significantly slow brain metabolism decline.

The authors propose a Generalized Latent Equilibrium framework for fully local credit assignment in physical, dynamical neuronal networks such as the brain. By exploiting dendritic structure and prospective coding in cortical neurons, it enables an online approximation of backpropagation through space and time.

Disease heterogeneity complicates precision medicine, which focuses on single conditions and ignores shared mechanisms. Here the authors introduce ‘pan-disease’ analysis using a deep learning model on multi-organ data, identifying 11 AI-derived biomarkers that reveal new therapeutic targets and pathways, enhancing patient stratification for disease risk monitoring and drug discovery.

Diamond, a statistically rigorous method, is capable of finding meaningful feature interactions within machine learning models, making black-box models more interpretable for science and medicine.

An annotation-free vision–language model based on contrastive learning performs pathology localization and clinical diagnosis on a wide variety of medical image datasets.

Respiration enhances cerebrospinal fluid flow through mechanical and autonomic pathways. Inhale length and diaphragm motion influence its displacement and net flow, identifying a modifiable, noninvasive mechanism relevant to brain homeostasis.

STAARpipeline is a comprehensive framework for flexible and scalable rare-variant association analysis using whole-genome sequencing data and annotation information.

The parent diphosphene molecule is of fundamental interest, but its reactive nature renders it challenging to isolate, and current metal-stabilized derivatives are limited to complexes of p-/d-metals. Here, the authors introduce f-element diphosphene complexes, adding to f-element diazenes that were first reported over thirty years ago.

Observations from the JWST MIRI showed the detection of ¹⁴NH₃ and ¹⁵NH₃ isotopologues in the atmosphere of a cool brown dwarf, along with a ¹⁴N/¹⁵N value consistent with star-like formation by gravitational collapse.

Multi-omics datasets pose major challenges to data interpretation and hypothesis generation owing to their high-dimensional molecular profiles. Here, the authors develop ActivePathways method, which uses data fusion techniques for integrative pathway analysis of multi-omics data and candidate gene discovery.

Novae, a self-supervised graph attention network, is a foundation model excelling at a diverse spectrum of spatial transcriptomics modeling and analysis tasks.

Myotonic dystrophy type 1 affects both muscle and neuronal function, but its synaptic pathology is poorly understood. Here, the authors show that upregulation of FasII (NCAM1) in both pre- and postsynaptic cells synergistically drives neuropathological and behavioral DM1 phenotypes, which can be rescued by FasII knockdown or specific isoform modulation.

Cancers evolve as they progress under differing selective pressures. Here, as part of the ICGC/TCGA Pan-Cancer Analysis of Whole Genomes (PCAWG) Consortium, the authors present the method TrackSig the estimates evolutionary trajectories of somatic mutational processes from single bulk tumour data.

A large brain imaging study of over 2000 people worldwide shows that fear conditioning engages brain regions linked to emotion and attention, with differences in individuals with anxiety or depression and strong influences from task design.

The potential of mammogram-based biological age predictors remains to be fully explored. Here this group introduces a deep learning model to estimate the biological age of the breast using healthy mammograms.

A hybrid exciton is observed at the interface between an organic semiconductor and a transition metal dichalcogenide. This suggests engineering the exciton wavefunction can lead to efficient charge and energy transfer processes in such structures.

Clonalscope is a method for cancer subclone detection leveraging copy number profiles estimated using spatial and single-cell sequencing data.

The cell cycle is regulated by reversible phosphorylations on hundreds of substrates. The authors show that the phosphatases PP2A-B55, PP2A-B56, PP1, and CDC14 target distinct groups of CDK substrates in vivo, and regulate the net phosphorylation timing of these sites at the G2/M transition.

Asymmetrical distribution of tau pathology in Alzheimer’s disease is linked to asymmetrical amyloid-beta deposition, not reduced brain connectivity, suggesting regional vulnerability plays a key role in determining the distribution of tau pathology.

RFdiffusion2, an extension of the RFdiffusion framework, builds de novo enzyme active sites using atom-level functional group constraints.

The impact of ACKR3 constitutive activity is unknown. Here, the authors suppress basal ACKR3 activity using inverse agonistic nanobodies to stabilize an inactive conformation and revealing a role for ACKR3 in basal cell motility.

The alignment of heterogeneous spatial samples has become a growing challenge. Here, authors present a multi-scale, multi-context, and interpretable mapping strategy to map cells across space, time, and disease.

Leveraging in-memory computing with emerging gain-cell devices, the authors accelerate attention—a core mechanism in large language models. They train a 1.5-billion-parameter model, achieving up to a 70,000-fold reduction in energy consumption and a 100-fold speed-up compared with GPUs.

After decades of planning and several scheduling setbacks, the Square Kilometre Array is around the corner. While the radio astronomy community fervently prepares to use the telescope of a generation, the leadership calls for a final period of patience.

Microglial activation and tau accumulation propagate together in patients with Alzheimer’s disease, suggesting an interaction that determines disease progression.

Here authors demonstrate how opposing trajectories of dopamine transmission underlie changes in drug seeking and taking over chronic drug use. Increased dopamine to drug cues elevates craving, whereas decreased dopamine produces escalation of drug consumption.

After infection with SARS-CoV-2, individuals show a greater reduction in grey matter thickness and tissue contrast in the orbitofrontal cortex and parahippocampal gyrus; greater changes in markers of tissue damage in regions that are functionally connected to the primary olfactory cortex; and a greater reduction in global brain size.

Amyloid-β (Aβ) deposition occurs in Alzheimer's disease but its relation to disease features such as local brain hypometabolism or cognitive decline is unclear. Here, the authors show that Aβ aggregation in the brain’s default mode network leads to hypometabolism in distant but functionally connected areas.

Gap junction channels formed by Cx32 enable intercellular communication, and their disruption causes CMT1X disease. Here, authors use cryo-EM and molecular dynamics simulations to show how specific lipids and sterols may directly control Cx32 channel gating

Using multineuron patch clamp in human cortex, the authors uncover four functional subtypes of pyramidal neurons with distinct morphology and subtype-specific synaptic interactions, revealing conserved microcircuit principles among individuals.

How our ability to infer the cognitive and emotional states of other people manifests in both neural activity and real-world social behavior is not fully understood. Here, the authors show neural activation patterns in the right posterior superior temporal sulcus during a social inference task predict the number of social contacts in both neurotypical and autism groups.

In Alzheimer’s disease, the role of connectivity in facilitating pathology accumulation remains unclear. Using in-vivo neuroimaging, the authors show that tau and reactive microglia follow connectome gradients, underlying cognitive decline.

Analysis of the stellar population properties of 30 host galaxies of fast radio bursts (FRBs) suggests an abundance of FRBs in massive star-forming galaxies, and implies that the formation of FRB sources—magnetars—is linked to core-collapse supernovae of stellar merger remnants.

A multilevel pattern-learning framework investigates the effects of genome-wide protein-coding mutations on brain organization and behaviour in the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development cohort.