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Global Burden of Disease analysis found that in 2023, suboptimal diet was estimated to be responsible for 4 million deaths and 97 million morbidity burdens from ischemic heart disease.

Contaminants such as CO₂ and H₂S present in natural gas and biogas streams must be removed before use; existing strategies to do so can be rather complex. Here, the authors use a fluorinated porous metal–organic framework to remove CO₂ and H₂S from CH₄-rich feeds in a single step, potentially simplifying the process.

Genomic surveillance identifies emerging XDR strains and putative AMR mechanisms in isolates from ocular infections in India.

Estimates from the Global Burden of Disease study reveal declines in chronic respiratory disease mortality between 1990 and 2023—especially during the COVID-19 pandemic—but the burdens on people affected remain substantial.

Chronic care manages long-term, progressive conditions, while acute care handles short-term ones. Here, authors show chronic conditions account for most of the global health burden, with 68% of DALYs and 93% of YLDs attributed to chronic care needs.

We introduce a framework to analyse interpretability in deep learning, by drawing on a formal notion of model semantics from the philosophy of science. We argue that interpretability is only one aspect of a model’s semantics and illustrate our framework with examples from biomedicine.

Barcoding microbial ribosomal RNA creates a recording of gene transfer events without requiring translation.

Guided by density functional theory, a commercially viable refractory alloy is developed, which exhibits excellent room-temperature ductility and strength, and high strength at elevated temperatures.

Myeloid derived suppressor cells (MDSC) use different metabolic mechanisms to adapt to the tumour microenvironment. Here the authors show that 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase (6PGD) is important for MSDC function and that blockade of 6PGD impaired MDSC function and suppresses tumour growth leading to metabolic and functional changes in the MDSC and a more pro-inflammatory phenotype.

Humanity’s Last Exam, a multi-modal benchmark at the frontier of human knowledge, is designed to be an expert-level closed-ended academic benchmark with broad subject coverage.

The 4D Nucleome Project demonstrates the use of genomic assays and computational methods to measure genome folding and then predict genomic structure from DNA sequence, facilitating the discovery of potential effects of genetic variants, including variants associated with disease, on genome structure and function.

Ionic liquid additives increase the power conversion efficiency of perovskite solar cells, but their effect on perovskite crystallization remains unclear. Xu et al. provide mechanistic insights and demonstrate improved operational stability under continous illumination and 90 °C thermal stress.

Understanding the role of magnetic turbulence in the atmosphere is difficult as direct access is limited, but latest laser technology can enable such studies in the lab. Here the authors probe the evolution of such turbulence in laser-generated plasma with its implications to astrophysical environments.

Two-dimensional sheets of zeolites can function as molecular sieves for applications such as membranes or as catalysts. Here, the authors demonstrate a method using electron diffraction patterns to accurately measure the thickness and wrinkles of thin zeolite nanosheets.

The frictional force required to move a liquid drop on a surface is known to depend upon the drop resting time. N'guessan et al. demonstrate that water drops on graphene surfaces are an exception, which is attributable to the chemical homogeneity and stability of graphene surfaces.

Federated learning (FL) algorithms have emerged as a promising solution to train models for healthcare imaging across institutions while preserving privacy. Here, the authors describe the Federated Tumor Segmentation (FeTS) challenge for the decentralised benchmarking of FL algorithms and evaluation of Healthcare AI algorithm generalizability in real-world cancer imaging datasets.

Analyses of the nationally representative Indian Council of Medical Research–India Diabetes survey reported that Indian diets are characterized by high intakes of low-quality carbohydrates associated with 14–30% higher cardiometabolic risk, which can be reduced by substituting carbohydrates with protein.

Last month, Michel Sidibé assumed his new role as executive director of UNAIDS, the United Nations agency created more than a decade ago to foster global leadership in the response to the AIDS pandemic. Sidibé discussed his new goals as executive director of UNAIDS with Prashant Nair.

While light-driven conversion of CO₂ and H₂O directly into fuels affords an attractive means to store sunlight in chemical bonds, few systems produce high-value hydrocarbons. Here, authors show gold nanoparticles to reduce CO₂ to multi-carbon products using visible light, ionic liquids, and H₂O.

An analysis of nearly 100,000 academics on Twitter reveals strong progressive stances on climate and social issues, driven by a small, vocal subset. The study highlights potential gaps between academic voices and public discourse.

Merck's newly appointed chief strategy officer, Mervyn Turner speaks with Prashant Nair about the future promise of drug development and about how pharmaceutical companies can cope with the current economic downturn.

Biological innovation typically takes place within the walls of academia and industry. But a new grassroots movement to organize hobby scientists is afoot. Mac Cowell and Jason Bobe, co-founders of the organization DIYBio, spoke with Prashant Nair about their plans for amateur biology.

In 1970, the US government chartered the Institute of Medicine (IOM), a component of the National Academies, to serve as an independent counsel on issues concerning health policy. Harvey Fineberg, former provost of Harvard University, has served at the helm of the IOM as the institute’s president since 2002. He spoke to Prashant Nair about the role of the IOM in biomedical research in the US.

EchoNext, a deep learning model for electrocardiograms trained and validated in diverse health systems, successfully detects many forms of structural heart disease, supporting the potential of artificial intelligence to expand access to heart disease screening at scale.

The advantage of living in cities compared with rural areas with respect to height and BMI in children and adolescents has generally become smaller globally from 1990 to 2020, except in sub-Saharan Africa.

Multiple freezing–melting pathways of ice VI are found at room temperature, occurring via the ice XXI and ice VII phases. Supercompressed water structurally evolves from high-density water to very-high-density water.

Light can control neural activity but often requires genetic modification. Here, the authors present a graphene-based platform for non-genetic light controlled neuronal stimulation, enabling all-optical network analysis, stem cell derived neuron maturation, and closed-loop robotics.

Understanding deregulation of biological pathways in cancer can provide insight into disease etiology and potential therapies. Here, as part of the PanCancer Analysis of Whole Genomes (PCAWG) consortium, the authors present pathway and network analysis of 2583 whole cancer genomes from 27 tumour types.

Analysis of single nuclei RNA-sequencing data across eight major brain cell types identifies putative causal associations between cell-type-specific expression and brain phenotypes.

In this article, authors explore the potential of photoelectrochemical systems for chemical separations, showing that low solar efficiency materials can be viable and cost-effective for water treatment and resource recovery, offering a potentially broader design space than traditional photoelectrochemistry applications.

People living with HIV (PLWH) are at high risk of tuberculosis development after Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) infection. Here the authors compare single cell transcriptomics between BAL cells from PLWH on ART and healthy controls upon ex vivo Mtb infection and find impaired alveolar macrophage (AM) with reduced TNF expression and M1-AM interactions in PLWH.

Systematic analysis from the Global Burden of Disease study reported that, despite global improvements from 1990 to 2021, dietary iron deficiency-associated disease burden remains high in women, children and residents in low socio-demographic index countries.

The human ADAR enzyme can deaminate additional transcripts for therapeutic A-to-G RNA base editing using an antisense guide RNA. Here, authors engineer a universal guide RNA scaffold from the U7 snRNA, boosting editing efficiency from minimal doses, especially in organs with limited AAV delivery.

A genomic barcoding scheme called two-layer DNA seqFISH+ enables the simultaneous mapping of more than 100,000 loci and has been used to identify cell-type-specific subnuclear compartments in the mouse brain.