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Maternal obesity is a risk factor for developing chronic kidney disease in the offspring later in life. Here the authors study male offspring in a mouse model of maternal obesity and identify dysregulated metabolism due to disrupted crosstalk between proximal tubules and macrophages as an important mechanism.

Anthropogenic activities pose threats to riverine fish communities and result in reduced yields. However, this study shows that biodiversity and habitat complexity can buffer human impacts and help stabilize fish communities across spatial scales.

Amorphous chalcogenides enable ultrafast threshold switching, yet their switching mechanism remains debated between electronic and structural models. Song et al. reveal an electric field induced atomic displacement and dipolar ordering, which exhibit a non-Arrhenius structural transition and guide conductive filament formation.

High-performance perovskite tandem solar cells are limited by uneven, disordered self-assembled monolayer (SAM) acting as hole-selective layers. Luo et al. design a SAM that yields uniform, stable interfaces, reducing non-radiative losses and boosting efficiency and durability

Integrating single-cell multi-omics data remains challenging. Here, the authors benchmark 23 integration methods including foundation models across diverse datasets, revealing task-specific trade-offs and proposing an adaptation strategy that enhances foundation model performance.

Overcoming parasitic reactions between the electrolyte and electrodes is essential for realizing energy-dense lithium metal batteries. Here, the authors develop an oxygen distal fluorinated diluent that promotes a diluent- and anion-rich solvation structure, forming a stable inorganic-rich interphase and stable cycling in pouch cells at 500 Wh kg^–1 level.

IgG bivalency enhances neutralization against enveloped viruses, but its on-virion structural details remain unclear. Here, authors use cryo-ET to reveal that two anti-RBD IgGs, P17 and S309, form diverse S-IgG bivalent binding modes, distinct higher-order assemblies, and inter-virion cross-linking on SARS-CoV-2 S protein.

This study highlights a strategy to additively manufacture lightweight, strong, and ductile heat-resistant aluminum alloys. The partial solid-state amorphization of the nanoprecipitates during high-temperature tension offers an additional toughening mechanism.

This study delineates lifespan changes in the sensorimotor-association gradient using multimodal neuroimaging data from 33,247 participants, revealing a pattern aligned with evolutionary, structural, and cognitive hierarchies within a unified neurodevelopmental framework.

Tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) combined with immunotherapy have improved outcomes in advanced renal cell carcinoma (aRCC), yet resistance persists. This group presents single-cell transcriptomic profiling of aRCC patients treated with TKIs and immune checkpoint inhibitors, uncovering an immunosuppressive microenvironment linked to therapeutic resistance.

Poisonous plants encroachment in grasslands shows stage-dependent ecological thresholds, with early losses in root productivity and biodiversity but partial recovery of multifunctionality beyond 50% coverage, based on analyses of 20 ecosystem variables across 465 standardized field plots.

Some RNAs carry an NAD⁺ cap that may regulate genes, but current methods miss small RNAs and precise start sites. Here, the authors develop two profiling methods that map NAD-capped RNAs at single-base resolution, uncover many new species in E. coli, and reveal stress-responsive promoter activity.

The study evaluates underground tunnel transmission for renewable energy in mountains, using multi-physics analysis and lifecycle cost evaluation. It finds gas-insulated lines are cost-effective in areas with high environmental impact costs, optimizing conductor layout and ventilation for increased capacity.

Treatment failure exists in Induction chemotherapy followed by concurrent chemoradiotherapy (CCRT) for locoregionally advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma (LA-NPC) patients. Here this group reports a phase 2 randomized trial evaluating the efficacy and safety of adding nimotuzumab, to CCRT on 246 patients with untreated, non-keratinising, stage II–IVA LA-NPC.

Using artificial intelligence, authors model how air pollution may increase susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2. NPC1 is identified via genetic and laboratory analyses as a key pathway that enhances viral entry after exposure to fine particulate matter.

FOXA1 is a master suppressor of prostate cancer tumorigenesis and lineage plasticity. Here, the authors discover that FOXA1 loss in mice drives basal-squamous de-differentiation and remodels the tumor microenvironment characterized by immunosuppressive myeloid cell accumulation and T-cell dysfunction.

Extracellular vesicles from senescent endothelial cells transfer GPX4 to colorectal cancer cells, suppress ferroptosis, and promote resistance to neoadjuvant chemotherapy

Genetic basis of the drought tolerance of upland rice is unclear. Here, the authors report the cloning of a COBRA-like protein encoding gene DROT1 and reveal that it is repressed by ERF3 and activated by ERF71 to help control the balance between growth and drought tolerance in upland rice.

A programmable platform that encodes plasmonic skyrmions with diverse topologies, including Néel-type skyrmions and merons, can be used for robust wireless communication and intelligent sensing.

LHAASO has detected γ-ray emission with a spectrum extending to 2 PeV from the pulsar wind nebula (PWN) powered by PSR J1849-0001, indicating an extreme particle acceleration efficiency and challenging the current particle acceleration theories.

The DAMPE satellite observed a universal charge-dependent spectral softening in primary cosmic rays, and ruled out mass-dependent softening with >99.999% confidence.

Standard of care CD19-targeting CAR-T therapy for Relapsed-Refractory Diffuse Large B Cell Lymphoma (r/r DLBCL) faces frequent resistance often driven by regulatory T cell (Treg) activation. This study identifies Timosaponin AIII (TAIII) as A2AR inhibitor for enhanced CAR-T activity while depleting CAR-Treg formation.

Qi Wu and colleagues report a field trial integrating fixed and mobile networks over a single optical carrier using amplitude phase layered modulation. Their approach simultaneously delivers 128 Gb/s digital data and high fidelity analog wireless signals up to 16384-QAM over 109 km, supporting advanced modulation formats and achieving record performance, highlighting a scalable path toward converged 6G ready fiber infrastructures.

NirFAP680 is a near-infrared fluorogen-activating protein that has an order of magnitude greater cellular brightness and superior photostability compared to currently available NIR FAPs and fluorescent proteins in both single- and two-photon excitation and allows robust imaging of proteins in live cells and in vivo.

Geographic patterns of leaf endophytic diazotrophs in Kandelia obovata are shaped by stochastic assembly and dispersal limitation, with soil nutrients, especially total sulfur, driving community structure and stability across coastal regions.

HIV infection shifts blood virome from phage to eukaryotic virus dominance, enriches Flaviviridae/Parvoviridae/Anelloviridae, and diversifies throat virome strains, revealing potential viral biomarkers and cross-kingdom interactions.

In a multicentre trial of AAV1-hOTOF gene therapy involving 42 participants aged 0.8–32.3 years with autosomal recessive deafness 9, treatment demonstrated safety, tolerability, and improved hearing and speech perception, with age and distortion product otoacoustic emissions associated with treatment outcomes.

Sun and colleagues report that immunotherapy resistance conferred by STING-induced regulatory B cell expansion in pancreatic adenocarcinoma could be overcome by combining STING agonism with inhibition of PI3Kγ signaling in B cells.

A wafer-scale, solvent- and polymer-free transfer method that uses a high-κ dielectric oxide as the transfer medium can create molybdenum disulfide transistors on flexible substrates with high mobilities, high on/off ratios and near-ideal subthreshold slopes.

In this study, the authors show that chandelier cells in the medial prefrontal cortex integrate circuit inputs, encode stimulus salience across sensory modalities, and thus influence associative learning in male mice.

Tumor-associated macrophages shape cancer’s immunosuppressive microenvironment, but their heterogeneity hampers therapeutic targeting. This study identifies a CD19⁺ macrophage subset in hepatocellular carcinoma and evaluates strategies to target them for improved immunotherapy.

Chen et al. introduce SequenTx, a virtual-cell-inspired framework for the rational design of sequential therapy. It offers a computational strategy to navigate therapy-induced tumour evolution by modelling dynamic cellular state transitions.

Halide perovskites are promising optoelectronic materials, but their synthesis relies on coordinating solvents or molecules. Now a solvent-in-salt method is demonstrated for synthesizing lead halide perovskites. The method features enhanced environmental friendliness and safety and improves perovskite crystal quality.

Hong-Xuan Lin, Ji-Ping Gao, Jun-Xiang Shan and colleagues show that natural variation in a proteasome α2 subunit gene contributes to thermotolerance in African rice. Their follow-up studies suggest that the variant allele protects cells from heat stress by enhancing the elimination of cytotoxic denatured proteins and maintaining heat-response processes.