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Stem cells are highly resistant to viral infection, irrespective of any interferon response. Here the authors discover that VAMP5 as a potent cell-autonomous defense factor protects ESCs from various viruses’ infection, including SARS-CoV-2 by interacting with RNA replication complexes to defend against viral infection.

In this Perspective, members of the Aging Biomarker Consortium outline the X-Age Project, an Aging Biomarker Consortium plan for building standardized aging clocks in China. The authors discuss the project roadmap and its aims of decoding aging heterogeneity, detecting accelerated aging early and evaluating geroprotective interventions.

The authors find that O-GalNAc transferase 2 (GALNT2) restricts viral infection, probably through the regulation of the proteolytic processing of viral glycoproteins via its O-linked glycosylation activity, impairing virus–cell fusion.

It is unclear how early-life urbanicity influences adult neurobehavioral traits. This study reveals that earlier menarche mediates the relationship between early-life urbanicity and adult neurobehavioral traits associated with mental disorders.

Serotonin (5-HT) and its derivative melatonin are versatile physiological regulators. Here, the authors report that abscisic acid induces 5-HT biosynthesis via the ABI5 transcription factor in rice.

A genome-wide CRISPR knockout screen reveals UHRF1 restricts HCoV-229E by epigenetically silencing its receptor, APN. As UHRF1 declines with age, APN expression rises, enhancing viral susceptibility in macrophages from elderly individuals.

Biaryl compounds with an axial chirality are valuable architectures but few methods have been developed for the construction of bridged biaryls, a subclass of these compounds that bear a tether to connect the two arenes and form a medium-sized ring. Here, the authors design a Co/SPDO-catalyzed aerobic oxidative coupling/desymmetrization sequence of prochiral phenols for the enantioselective synthesis of biaxial bridged m-terphenyls embedded in an azocane.

A cross-ancestry GWAS meta-analyses of brainstem structures identify 713 associations. It reveals shared/distinct genetic architectures across ancestries/substructures and overlaps with neuropsychiatric disorders and physiological functions.

Common sleep problems are linked to various health conditions, but are often underdiagnosed. This study presents a deep learning model trained on 15,785 nights of respiratory data for contactless sleep monitoring. Leveraging this model, the remote management platform enables real-time in-home sleep assessment, advancing sleep health equity.

Cholesterol-patterned nanoparticles program gel-like stress granule condensates via a solid–liquid–liquid sequence, reveal dual proteasomal disassembly routes, and permit tissue-specific remodeling of chemoplasticity to decouple efficacy from toxicity in vivo.

The flagship paper of the ICGC/TCGA Pan-Cancer Analysis of Whole Genomes Consortium describes the generation of the integrative analyses of 2,658 cancer whole genomes and their matching normal tissues across 38 tumour types, the structures for international data sharing and standardized analyses, and the main scientific findings from across the consortium studies.

The development of catalysts for practical asymmetric hydrogenation of ketones remains an important goal of synthetic organic chemistry. Here, an anionic iridium catalyst with excellent activity is reported and used in a hundred-kilogram-scale reduction as part of a route to chiral nicotine.

Ding et al. study the collective motion of densely packed vortices in rotating thermal convection. They uncover the counterintuitive effect of warmer and thus lighter vortices moving outward from the central axis of rotation, driven by long range, scale-free vortex correlations.

CABLE harnesses cytoarchitectural information such as cell or nuclear shape to infer fiber tracts in the brain of, for example, marmosets, macaques or humans.

It is uncertain how much life expectancy of the Chinese population would improve under current and greater policy targets on lifestyle-based risk factors for chronic diseases and mortality behaviours. Here we report a simulation of how improvements in four risk factors, namely smoking, alcohol use, physical activity and diet, could affect mortality. We show that in the ideal scenario, that is, all people who currently smokers quit smoking, excessive alcohol userswas reduced to moderate intake, people under 65 increased moderate physical activity by one hour and those aged 65 and older increased by half an hour per day, and all participants ate 200 g more fresh fruits and 50 g more fish/seafood per day, life expectancy at age 30 would increase by 4.83 and 5.39 years for men and women, respectively. In a more moderate risk reduction scenario referred to as the practical scenario, where improvements in each lifestyle factor were approximately halved, the gains in life expectancy at age 30 could be half those of the ideal scenario. However, the validity of these estimates in practise may be influenced by population-wide adherence to lifestyle recommendations. Our findings suggest that the current policy targets set by the Healthy China Initiative could be adjusted dynamically, and a greater increase in life expectancy would be achieved.

The role Tibetan Plateau uplift played in Asian inland aridification remains unclear due to a paucity of accurately dated records. Here, the authors present a continuous aeolian sequence for the period >51–39 Ma, analysis of which indicates that aridification was driven by global climatic forcing rather than uplift.

The genomic and immune landscape of pre-invasive lung adenocarcinoma is poorly understood. Here, the authors perform exome and transcriptome sequencing on precursor legions and invasive lung adenocarcinomas, identifying recurrently mutated genes in pre/minimally invasive cases, and arm level alteration events linked to immune infiltration.

This study identifies four distinct polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) subtypes using unsupervised clustering analysis on data from 11,908 women and validated across five diverse cohorts. The subtypes show unique clinical features and suggest that subtype-specific management could enhance treatment precision for PCOS.

Integrative analyses of transcriptome and whole-genome sequencing data for 1,188 tumours across 27 types of cancer are used to provide a comprehensive catalogue of RNA-level alterations in cancer.

With the generation of large pan-cancer whole-exome and whole-genome sequencing projects, a question remains about how comparable these datasets are. Here, using The Cancer Genome Atlas samples analysed as part of the Pan-Cancer Analysis of Whole Genomes project, the authors explore the concordance of mutations called by whole exome sequencing and whole genome sequencing techniques.

The conductance from bulk bands in a topological insulator usually blurs effects arising from edge states. Here, Song et al. report a Coulomb gap opened by electron–electron interactions, which effectively suppress the bulk conductance and promote observation of topological edge states in the single-layer 1T’-WTe₂.

The concept of topological corner states in two dimensional topological insulators can be generalised to higher dimensions. Here, authors present a three dimensional acoustic metamaterial that exhibits the full hierarchy of topological multipole states including corner, hinge, surface and bulk states.

Substantial efforts have been devoted to the construction of axially chiral allenes, however, the strategies to prepare chiral exocyclic allenes are still rare. This work describes a copper-catalyzed asymmetric synthesis of exocyclic allenes by simultaneous control of axial and central chirality.

The performance of silicon single-photon avalanche detectors is currently limited by the trade-off between photon detection efficiency and timing jitter. Here, the authors demonstrate how a CMOS-compatible, nanostructured, thin junction structure can make use of tailored light trapping to break this trade-off.

A broad-range human antibody with neutralizing activity against various coronaviruses, including SARS-CoV-2, targets a unique epitope within the highly conserved S2’ site and the fusion peptide of the spike protein that is exposed during interaction with the host cell. The pan-coronavirus antibody protects mice against infection with SARS-CoV-2 and HCoV-OC43 following prophylactic and therapeutic treatment.

InstructBioMol, a multimodal large language model that achieves any-to-any alignment between human instructions and biomolecules, can effectively leverage natural language to connect complex biomolecular tasks with human intentions.

Single-cell transcriptomic profiling of immune cells in the blood and liver of a human decedent receiving a pig liver xenograft reveals impaired adaptive immunity and monocyte features that may induce T cell exhaustion and contribute to platelet activation.

The structure of the superconducting phase of iron-based superconductor K_xFe_2−ySe₂ is difficult to determine because it coexists with an predominant insulating phase. Ding et al. identify the superconducting filaments that provide clues to the structure of the parent phase of superconductivity.

Could plant stem cells be maintained by a constitutive endogenous stress? It is shown here that components of the ethylene signalling pathway are involved in Arabidopsis shoot stem cell maintenance, through the transcription factor AGL22.

Quantum information cannot be copied, posing challenges for long-distance communication due to signal losses. Here the quantum relay architecture using a single-photon source enhances the signal-to-noise ratio of quantum information transmission.

A DNA matrix material potentiates humoral response through multiple administration routes, generating neutralizing antibodies and conferring robust protection against infection.

Virtual drug design has seen recent progress in methods that can generate new molecules with specific properties. Separately, methods have also improved in the task of computationally predicting the outcome of chemical reactions. Qiang and colleagues use the close relation of the two problems to train a model that aims at solving both tasks.

Manipulation of genes controlling microbial shapes can affect bio-production. Here, the authors employ an optogenetic method to realize dynamic morphological engineering of E. coli replication and division and show the increased production of acetoin and poly(lactate-co-3-hydroxybutyrate).

The Chinese tree shrew, Tupaia belangeri chinensis, has been proposed as a potential animal model in biomedical research and drug safety testing. This study presents the full genome of the Chinese tree shrew, identifying common features between the tree shrew and primates.

Visible-light integrated photonics enables compact optical systems for biosensing, quantum information, and atomic clocks. Here, authors demonstrate a vector spectrum analyzer with over an octave of bandwidth and MHz accuracy for broadband characterization of visible-light integrated devices.

This research identifies a regulatory role for the receptor-like kinase FERONIA in Arabidopsis roots, finding that it balances growth and immunity by activating localized immunity in response to bacterial colonization.

The affected cellular populations during Alzheimer’s disease progression remain understudied. Here the authors use a cohort of 84 donors, quantitative neuropathology and multimodal datasets from the BRAIN Initiative. Their pseudoprogression analysis revealed two disease phases.

This study presents SciToolAgent, a large language model-based agent that orchestrates scientific tools via a knowledge graph, enabling automated and effective execution of scientific research workflows.

The genomic epidemiology of Acinetobacter baumannii, which is rising in virulence and multidrug resistance, was explored. This study examined bloodstream infection isolates from Chinese patients in 2011–2021, revealing increased genetic diversity and dominance of highly virulent ST208.

In this study the authors consider the structural variants (SVs) present within cancer cases of the ICGC/TCGA Pan-Cancer Analysis of Whole Genomes (PCAWG) Consortium. They report hundreds of genes, including known cancer-associated genes for which the nearby presence of a SV breakpoint is associated with altered expression.

The use of biomarkers of ageing is crucial for investigating age-related processes. This Review discusses biomarkers of ageing and of ageing-associated physiological changes, at the cellular, tissue and organism levels in humans and non-human primates.