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Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a complex autoimmune condition and treatment options have limited efficacy. Here, by analysis clinical samples and employing preclinical models, the authors show that cGAMP levels are elevated in the plasma of patients with SLE and that loss of cGAS ameliorates symptoms in an imiquimod-induced lupus model. Importantly, they identify prasugel as a cGAS inhibitor with promising therapeutic potential.

Robustness checks and reproduction of analyses with existing and updated data based on 110 articles in economics and political science journals with data and code-sharing requirements found high levels of robustness and reproducibility and determined that robustness was not dependent on author characteristics or data availability.

Xia, Zhang, Peng, Chen et al. find that Leydig cells and macrophages show bidirectional mitochondrial transfer through extracellular vesicles, ensuring Leydig cells have functional mitochondria. The exchange is needed for testosterone production.

ATF6α activation in human and preclinical models of hepatocellular carcinoma is significantly associated with an aggressive tumour phenotype characterized by reduced survival, glycolytic reprogramming and local immunosuppression.

In a prospective multi-centre cohort in China, people living in areas of high soil selenium had a 35% increased risk of incident diabetes over a 3-year study period, with a stronger effect seen for men.

The Template-Independent Genome Editing for Restoration (TIGER) platform enables efficient and precise correction of frameshift mutations in vivo, incorporates algorithms to score therapeutic guide RNAs and demonstrates restored hearing in a mouse model.

Prostate cancer heterogeneity limits the efficacy of current therapeutic approaches. Here, the authors develop two methods, snFLARE-seq and mxFRIZNGRND, using formalin-fixed paraffin embedded samples for analysing the transcriptomic and metabolomic landscape of different anatomical origins.

Birds uniquely exhibit high expression of constitutively active GCGR in white adipose tissue (WAT) enhancing lipid metabolism, WAT browning, and weight loss in mice. A naturally occurring human GCGRH339R mutation mimics this avian-like metabolism, suggesting therapeutic potential for obesity

The authors from the ALICE collaboration identify multiple species of mesons and baryons and measure the anisotropic flow with non-flow removal techniques in pp and p-Pb collisions at the LHC, identifying the hallmark of quark flow associated with an expanding quark-gluon plasma.

Liu, Kong, Cui, et al. test thymopentin as an adjuvant to oncolytic virotherapy and engineer an oncolytic adenovirus that expresses thymopentin. They show that thymopentin reprograms tumour macrophages and boosts tumour-killing T cells, improving tumour control and durable anti-tumour immunity across multiple models.

The ophthalmic video foundation model learns the spatiotemporal motion features of ophthalmic procedures, improving surgical performance in cataract surgeries on wet-lab porcine eyes in real time.

Microplastics (MPs) are persistent and widely distributed pollutants. Environmental factors cause physical and chemical aging that change their properties. This protocol is a systematic workflow for controlled MP aging and its characterization.

DeepRare—a multi-agent system for rare disease differential diagnosis decision support powered by large language models, integrating specialized tools and up-to-date knowledge sources—has the potential to reduce healthcare disparities in rare disease diagnosis.

This research identifies two neural factors linked to externalizing and internalizing symptoms through a longitudinal imaging-genetic cohort. Distinct neural configurations and cognitive-behavioral relevance highlight the need for tailored therapeutic strategies addressing psychiatric comorbidity across developmental stages.

Zhang et al. found that histone deacetylase 1 (HDAC1) condensation is responsible for temozolomide resistance in glioblastoma by recruiting CCCTC-binding factor and remodeling chromatin in a deacetylase-independent manner. Disrupting the HDAC1 condensates with resminostat restores the sensitivity to temozolomide.

Yang et al. compare neoadjuvant triple therapy versus direct hepatectomy in patients with resectable intermediate or advanced hepatocellular carcinoma. The findings indicate that the neoadjuvant regimen improves overall and event-free survival but is associated with a higher risk of serious adverse events and postoperative complications.

An approach that integrates electrochemical CO₂ reduction and biological denitrification provides a new solution for nitrogen removal, where the formate obtained from CO₂ is used directly as the carbon source in the denitrification process in wastewater treatment.

The analysis of RNA-seq data is complicated by dropouts, and these are usually treated as a problem to be addressed. Here, Peng Qiu uses dropouts as a source of information and presents a co-occurrence clustering algorithm to cluster cells based on the dropout pattern; this could be a complementary approach to existing methods.

Li-metal batteries suffer from sluggish kinetics at low temperatures. Here, authors propose a guideline for rational electrolyte solvent screening and design a class of asymmetric ethers, which bestows the Li metal pouch cell with a high specific energy of 345.3 Wh kg⁻¹ over 40 cycles at −40 °C.

Power outages have a statistically significant and negative impact on electric vehicle adoption. A doubling of power outages in one year in China can create a decline of more than $ 31.3 million per year in carbon reduction benefits.

China’s CCER carbon offset program is associated with reductions in CO₂ emissions and PM₂.₅ concentrations, helping to narrow the air pollution gap between economically disadvantaged and more affluent counties, as well as between ethnic minority and Han counties.

Fast reendothelialisation of vascular grafts is important for maintain patency. Here, the authors report on a vascular graft that regenerates the neo-adventitia with lymphatic endothelial cells, which increases the recruitment of circulatory progenitor cells, achieving 90% patency in small-diameter arterial grafts.

Liu et al. report Chinese normative lifespan brain charts showing later neurodevelopmental milestones than those detected in Western cohorts. Individual deviations from these norms are valuable in assessing clinical risk and outcomes.

Using a wafer-scale monolayer 2D MoS₂ process instead of conventional silicon-based devices to manufacture components of spaceborne communication systems demonstrates radiation tolerance, low bit error rate and long-term stability, even under much harsher radiation environments.

The synthesis of ionic olefin linked threedimensional covalent organic frameworks (3D COFs) is challenging because of the difficulties in forming stable carbon-carbon double bonds. Here, the authors report a general synthesis of an ionic sp² carbon linked COFs and demonstrate selective capture of ReO₄⁻ ions.

Thermal barrier coatings are vital for gas turbine blades but are prone to debonding and cracking. Here, the authors propose a method for the rapid detection and identification of such defects by combining thermographic and electromagnetic signals.

This work proposes a wet-chemical etching assisted aberration-enhanced single-pulsed femtosecond laser nanolithography, named “WEALTH”, for manufacturing small-size, large-area, deep holey nanostructures, promising for emerging nanophotonic devices.

Applying concepts from non-Hermitian physics to diffusive systems enables the static control of heat transport. Now, this notion is expanded to dynamic control, including a demonstration of programmed thermal transport in a metamaterial.

A cross-ancestry GWAS meta-analyses of brainstem structures identify 713 associations. It reveals shared/distinct genetic architectures across ancestries/substructures and overlaps with neuropsychiatric disorders and physiological functions.

Enhancing utilization of single atoms is crucial but challenging in electrocatalysis. Here, the authors present a surfactant-assisted freezecasting method to optimize nanocarbon micro- and macrostructures, achieving near-100% site utilization and enhancing single-atom catalyst performance.

MedHELM, an extensible evaluation framework including a new taxonomy for classifying medical tasks and a benchmark of many datasets across these categories, enables the evaluation of large language models on real-world clinical tasks.

Carbon molecular sieves (CMS) are formed from pyrolysis of polymeric precursors, forming complex morphologies that enable gas separations. Here, by combining kinked and cross-linkable structures in the precursor, CMS membranes are reported that enable a broad spectrum of challenging gas separations.

This study establishes MPXV clade IIb-infected SCID mouse models presenting with pneumonia, lesions, and localized inflammation that recapitulate key clinical manifestations observed in high-risk populations, and demonstrates that the timing of treatment initiation and the stage of disease progression critically influence the anti-MPXV efficacy of both tecovirimat and cidofovir.

It is unclear how early-life urbanicity influences adult neurobehavioral traits. This study reveals that earlier menarche mediates the relationship between early-life urbanicity and adult neurobehavioral traits associated with mental disorders.

Microbial consortia offer advantages over single strains for the remediation of environmental co-contamination. Here, the authors introduce an Degrader-Helper-Potentiator Consortium framework to design synthetic microbiomes that enhance the remediation of environmental co-contamination.

The authors propose a set of guidelines for far-UVC optical design, under which the multi-stimulated far-UVC luminescence at 222 nm in Pr³⁺ -doped SrF₂ is realized, offering unique opportunities for solar-blind imaging and structural health monitoring in complex environments.