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Heparan sulfate proteoglycans facilitate the assembly of clusters of glycoRNAs and cell surface RNA-binding proteins, which negatively modulate VEGF-A signalling and angiogenesis.

Hiʻiaka is the largest moon of the distant dwarf planet Haumea. Here, the authors report the first multi-chord stellar occultations of Hiʻiaka, revealing its size, shape, and density, suggesting an origin from Haumea’s icy mantle.

N-glycans on glycoRNAs prevent innate immune sensing of endogenous small RNAs, and the natural mechanism they use demonstrates how glycoRNAs exist on the cell surface and in the endosomal network without inducing autoinflammatory responses.

Glycans regulate cells via glycosylation, and aberrant glycosylation is linked to disease initiation and progression. Here, the authors present GlycanDIA, a DIA-based workflow enabling sensitive, precise glycan analysis, revealing low-abundant modifications and profiling distinct RNA glycan patterns with biological relevance.

An RNA-binding protein on leukemia cells provides an effective target in mouse models.

EGF-induced recruitment of UPF1 adjacent to HNRNPC induces splicing surveillance of cell proliferation mRNAs.

Blake Smith and colleagues propose an innovative approach to pencil beam scanning proton arc radiotherapy using customized range compensators. These devices were optimized to omit energy changes while improving treatment deliverability and efficiency.

A consensus cell type atlas for the fly brain provides both an intellectual framework and open-source toolchains for brain-scale comparative connectomics.

A survey of the cellular RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) that interact with dengue virus and Zika virus genomic RNA identifies ribosome-binding protein 1 and vigilin as bona fide RBPs able to promote viral RNA translation, replication and stability.

FlyWire presents a neuronal wiring diagram of the whole fly brain with annotations for cell types, classes, nerves, hemilineages and predicted neurotransmitters, with data products and an open ecosystem to facilitate exploration and browsing.

The catalytic subunit of DNA-PK autophosphorylates and contributes to ribosome biogenesis and haematopoiesis by binding to the U3 small nucleolar RNA.

Intravenous administration of the BCG vaccine protects non-human primates with pre-existing SIV infection from tuberculosis.

Schief and colleagues show that germline-targeting epitope scaffolds can elicit responses from rare broadly neutralizing antibody precursor B cells with predefined binding specificities and genetic features.

High-resolution contact maps of active enhancers and target genes generated by H3K27ac HiChIP in primary human cells provide rational guides to link noncoding disease-associated risk variants to candidate causal genes. Genes are validated by CRISPR activation and interference at connected enhancers and eQTL analysis, leading to a fourfold increase in the number of potential target genes for autoimmune and cardiovascular diseases.

Postmenopausal bleeding can be an indication of endometrial cancer. Here, the authors combine cytology of urine and vaginal samples from women with postmenopausal bleeding and demonstrate that they can accurately predict endometrial cancer with a sensitivity of 91.7% and specificity of 88.8%.

Utilizing heterogeneous results from the published studies on brain atrophy in schizophrenia, the authors identify a common brain network for schizophrenia that is stable with disease progression and across different clusters of schizophrenia symptoms.

Openshaw and colleagues find myeloid inflammation and complement activation signatures in patients with long COVID who were previously hospitalized.

Interactions between proteins and non-proteinaceous biopolymers are essential for life; however, many methods used to characterize these interactions lack precision and display significant biases. Now, a genetically encoded method employing sulfur(vi) fluoride exchange (SuFEx)-based chemical crosslinking has been developed for capturing and analysing protein–RNA and protein–carbohydrate interactions in vivo.

A recently discovered RNA species on the cell surface is studied by proximity ligation.

Selective 2′-hydroxyl acylation analyzed by primer extension (SHAPE) is a proven methodology for in vitro RNA secondary structure analysis. The identification of a new acylating agent permits the use of SHAPE to probe folded RNAs within living cells.

Widespread use of salts in food, construction, road deicing and industry is driving salinization of water, soil and air. This Review describes the anthropogenic salt cycle, compares it with natural processes and examines its environmental consequences.

Circulating liver enzymes, like alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST), are highly heritable and predictive of disease. Here, the authors perform a genome-wide association study on ALT and AST, revealing a rare variant in SLC30A10 associated with elevated ALT and AST.

The authors report a co-occurrence of the U2AF1 S34F splicing factor mutation and ROS1 translocations in lung adenocarcinomas and profile effects of S34F on transcriptome-wide RNA binding. They further show that U2AF1 S34F enhances invasive potential and alters splicing of ROS1 fusion transcripts

A long-term culture method for organoids derived from single adult human lung cells is used to identify progenitor cells and study SARS-CoV-2 infection.

In addition to controlling Pol II pausing at promoters, the small nuclear RNA 7SK inhibits transcription at enhancers and super enhancers by recruiting the chromatin-remodeling complex BAF

The ability of the DEAD-box RNA helicase DDX5 to interact with master transcription factor RORγt is dependent on binding of the long noncoding RNA Rmrp; the DDX5–RORγt complex coordinates transcription of selective T_H17 genes and is required for the pathogenicity of T_H17 cells.

The single-stranded nature of RNAs synthesized in the cell gives them great scope to form different structures, but current methods to measure RNA structure in vivo are limited; now, a new methodology allows researchers to examine all four nucleotides in mouse embryonic stem cells.

The authors use morphometric and brain lesion data to identify a convergent brain network shared by psychiatric disorders.

Howard Chang and colleagues identify a long noncoding RNA, DINO, that is transcribed upstream of CDKN1A and induced by p53 in response to DNA damage. They show that DINO binds to p53 protein and promotes its stabilization, producing a feedback loop that amplifies DNA damage signaling.

HiChIP combines chromosome conformation capture with immunoprecipitation- and tagmentation-based library preparation to uncover the 3D chromatin architecture focused around a protein of interest.

HiChIRP combines a modified chromosome conformation capture protocol with enrichment of RNA-associated chromosome conformation to visualize genome-wide looping linked to an RNA of interest.

Long intergenic non-coding RNAs (lincRNAs) have been implicated in both gene silencing and activation, and could be a means for long-range control of gene expression. Here a lincRNA termed HOTTIP is identified at the 5′ tip of the HOXA locus that coordinates the activation of multiple 5′ HOXA genes. Chromosomal looping brings HOTTIP into the proximity of its target genes, where it seems to be required to facilitate histone H3 lysine 4 trimethylation and gene transcription.

DEAD-box RNA helicase DDX21 is involved in both the transcription and RNA processing of ribosomal genes in human cells, sensing the transcriptional status of both RNA polymerase I and RNA polymerase II and associating with non-coding RNAs involved in ribonucleoprotein formation, possibly allowing for coordinated regulation of protein synthesis.

An RNA secondary structure (RSS) map of coding and noncoding RNA from a human family (two parents and their child) is produced; this reveals that approximately 15% of all transcribed single nucleotide variants (SNVs) alter local RNA structure, and these SNVs are depleted in certain locations, suggesting that particular RNA structures are important at those sites.

Identifying the genomic regulatory sequences, such as enhancers, that control early embryonic development remains a difficult challenge. Here, profiling of histone modifications and chromatin regulators in human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) reveals unique signatures that are used to identify over 2,000 putative enhancers. These enhancers are either active in the h ESCs or associated with early developmental genes.

Santoriello, Sporrij et al. show that the progesterone receptor associates with RNA helicase DDX21 during nucleotide depletion, promotes its binding on chromatin and rescues efficient transcription in melanoma cells.

Mutations associated with Treacher Collins syndrome perturb the subnuclear localization of an RNA helicase involved in ribosome biogenesis through activation of p53 protein, illustrating how disruption in general regulators that compromise nucleolar homeostasis can result in tissue-selective malformations.