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Treatment failure exists in Induction chemotherapy followed by concurrent chemoradiotherapy (CCRT) for locoregionally advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma (LA-NPC) patients. Here this group reports a phase 2 randomized trial evaluating the efficacy and safety of adding nimotuzumab, to CCRT on 246 patients with untreated, non-keratinising, stage II–IVA LA-NPC.

This study reports the creation of heterostructured diamond composites in which multilayer graphene layers are embedded within a nanodiamond matrix and interconnected through covalently bonded interfaces, with application to electromagnetic interference shielding.

This study shows that medial septal parvalbumin neurons causally control hippocampal place cell dynamics during memory encoding, thereby supporting object-place recognition and rescuing sleep deprivation-induced memory deficits.

Maize cultivar evolution boosts maize yield, yet the response pattern of maize to extreme climates is unclear. This study clarifies the synergy and trade-off mechanisms underlying the increase of yield per unit area and adaptation to extreme climates.

Natural variation in the promoter of OsTPS8 contributes to differences in grain chalkiness and seed vigor between indica and japonica rice subspecies by altering trehalose-6-phosphate biosynthesis and α-amylase levels.

Persistent luminescence is promising for photodynamic therapy in deep-seated tumors, but the uncontrollability of light within the body complicates precise spatiotemporal regulation. Here, the authors report X-ray preactivated elimusertib-loaded tumor-targeted photodynamic nanoparticles with controllable “on-off-on” afterglow properties for the treatment of deep-seated tumors.

Coral reefs are declining globally, but regional degradation drivers are poorly quantified. This study reveals that coral loss in the northern South China Sea is predominantly linked to human coastal activities, suggesting that tailored local management may effectively reduce reef collapse.

Rice indica varieties have higher nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) than that of japonica varieties. Here, the authors show that natural variation of OsWRKY23 and its interaction with DULL NITROGEN RESPONSE1 (DNR1)-mediated auxin accumulation play a role in NUE divergence between the two rice subspecies.

The immune mechanism of radioresistance in cancer patients remains to be explored. The authors here show that CXCL13 is upregulated in tumor regions upon radiation, which recruits immune suppressive CXCR5⁺ monocytes. Blocking CXCR5/CXCL13 interactions facilitate tumor control following radiation.

Elevated exposure to 4-hydroxyphenanthrene (4-OHPhe) is positively associated with obesity risk. Here, the authors show that exposure to 4-OHPhe downregulates expression of hydroxylamine reductase genes in Bacteroides uniformis, leading to altered gut microbiota-bile acid-FXR axis and suppression of adipose thermogenesis.

Doublet microtubule-associated proteins assemble sperm flagella. Here, the authors use genetic knockout mice show that TEKT1 and TSSK6 are critical for sperm motility and integrity, while TEKT5 and DUSP21 have minor roles, revealing their divergent functions

Developing earth-abundant catalysts for the chlorine evolution reaction is vital for a sustainable chlor-alkali industry. Here, the authors report a cerium modified cobalt oxide where cerium induces active site transfer from oxygen to cobalt atoms, achieving high activity and long-term stability.

Zhang et al. show that the activation of RIPK1 is suppressed by acetylhypusination in a spermidine-dependent manner. Disruption of this axis contributes to RIPK1-mediated vascular pathology to promote insulin resistance and diabetic kidney pathology.

Covert mortality nodavirus, a pathogen previously known to cause important losses in shrimp aquaculture, is identified as being a potential causative agent of an emerging and severe ocular disease in humans, specifically presenting as persistent ocular hypertensive viral anterior uveitis.

Nanodiamonds below ~13 nm deform plastically by forming ultrathin amorphous carbon networks, enabling over 90% compression without cracking. In situ TEM and simulations reveal this mechanism, opening routes for nanoscale diamond shaping and assembly.

Broad-spectrum host restriction factors against bacteria and viruses remain largely unclear. Here, the authors identify the small GTPase Rab14 as a restriction factor that promotes lysosomal acidification by delivering the V-ATPase to lysosomes.

Seed size plays an important role in determining soybean yield. Here, the authors report GmSW17, encoding a homolog of Arabidopsis UBP22 that plays a role in deubiquitination, as a positive regulator of soybean seed width and seed weight through inhibition of the G1-to-S transition by interacting with GmSGF11 and GmENY2.

A vagal reflex to blood volume changes in the heart involves PIEZO2 and helps to stabilize blood pressure in an upright posture and after blood loss.

Researchers identify FOXJ3 variants in focal epilepsy and cortical dysplasia and show that FOXJ3 regulates neuronal migration and cortical layer formation by controlling the PTEN–mTOR pathway; disruption of this process leads to abnormal brain development.

Shoot branching is critical in determining soybean yield. Here, the authors report natural variation of Dt2 in controlling soybean branching number and the interaction of Dt2 with GmAgl22 and GmSoc1a to activate transcription of GmAp1a and GmAp1d.

Supplementation with BSH-enriched Lactobacillus paragasseri LPG-9 remodels the bile acid profile in intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy, activating placental TGR5 to inhibit TLR4-NF-κB signaling and promoting hepatic bile acid excretion via BSEP.

The Taiwan Precision Medicine Initiative recruited and genotyped more than half a million Taiwanese participants, almost all of Han Chinese ancestry, and performed comprehensive genomic analyses and developed polygenic risk score prediction models for numerous health conditions.

Hypoxia-induced ALDOB lactylation amplifies glycolysis-derived lactate production, creating a self-reinforcing loop that sustained lactylation and mitochondrial fragmentation in pulmonary hypertension.

Functionalization of ZnTeSe quantum dots via ordering arrangement and energy-level modulation enables deep-blue quantum dot light-emitting diodes with a peak external quantum efficiency of 23.6% and a half-lifetime exceeding 50,000 h at an initial luminance of 100 cd m⁻².

TRIP6 phosphorylation triggers a signalling cascade that promotes glycolysis in KRAS-mutant colorectal cancer cells. The resulting lactate accumulation drives extracellular lactylation of CD44 on CD8⁺ T cells, thereby compromising their anti-tumour activity.

The Taiwan Precision Medicine Initiative (TPMI) has built a cohort of more than half a million individuals with Han Chinese ancestry, providing a rich resource of genetic and medical data for this group.

Here the authors reveal a study of 486,956 Han Chinese individuals showing that most people with genetic variants affecting drug response do not have the predicted adverse events, highlighting the challenges of implementing pharmacogenetics in clinical practice.

SUMM2, a coiled-coil NLR, promotes the assembly of higher-order resistosome clusters to initiate cell death in plants.

The synthesis of millimetre-sized phase-pure hexagonal diamond, a polymorph of cubic diamond, by compressing highly oriented pyrolytic graphite under high pressures and temperatures is reported, providing new insight into the graphite-to-diamond transformation pathway.

This study shows that rising incomes and hotter climates are driving a boom in air conditioning use, which adds to global warming. This highlights the need for clean, efficient and equitable cooling solutions.

This study reveals that during a series of learning tasks, the macaque brain represents the shared (e.g. the decision strategy) and task-unique information (e.g., sensory inputs) in a near-orthogonal manner, thereby supporting reuse of the shared component to facilitate learning, while remain flexible to changes in specifics.

Low-smoke fuels used for residential heating emit greater numbers of hazardous ultrafine particles, and therefore contribute more to particle deposition in the lungs, than other fuel combinations, highlighting the need to revise air quality standards to address these health risks.

Identifying jets originating from heavy quarks plays a fundamental role in hadronic collider experiments. In this work, the ATLAS Collaboration describes and tests a transformer-based neural network architecture for jet flavour tagging based on low-level input and physics-inspired constraints.

The existence of a long-lived, prethermal regime in many-body systems with tunable heating rates, driven by structured random protocols, is observed using a 78-qubit superconducting quantum processor.

This study reports self-wrinkling MXene films with lattice structures achieving exceptional electromagnetic interference shielding (81.5 dB at 17 μm), offering ultra-thin protection for sensitive electronics.

Photosynthesis reaction centre barrel proteins are important components of the FtsZ-based cell division apparatus in Haloferax volcanii and other archaea.

Self-supervised reconstruction structured illumination microscopy (SSR-SIM) is a reconstruction approach for SIM that improves image reconstruction by including light modulation priors and information on reconstruction artifacts, while simultaneously eliminating the need for ground-truth images. The improvements allow long-term imaging of sensitive cellular processes.

Obesity impairs metabolic flexibility-the capacity to adapt to fluctuating energy demands. Here, authors show that PRMT3 mediates the post-translational adaptation of visceral fat to fasting regulates metabolic flexibility and could be a therapeutic target for obesity.

Chen et al. identify a brain-to-bone communication axis whereby extracellular vesicles from aged brain neurons transport WDFY1 protein to distal bone, driving bone-fat imbalance and promoting osteoporosis.

Here the authors show a general method to make alkoxide-based network-forming glasses with tunable properties by combining titanium, zirconium and boron-based nodes, multi-dentate alcohol linkers and mono-dentate alcohol modulators.