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Global Burden of Disease analysis found that in 2023, suboptimal diet was estimated to be responsible for 4 million deaths and 97 million morbidity burdens from ischemic heart disease.

Robustness checks and reproduction of analyses with existing and updated data based on 110 articles in economics and political science journals with data and code-sharing requirements found high levels of robustness and reproducibility and determined that robustness was not dependent on author characteristics or data availability.

Assuming that it could be launched or constructed in situ, a 99-m-diameter starshade in orbit around Earth, coupled with ground-based extremely large telescopes and their adaptive optics systems, could image an exo-Earth at a distance of several parsecs.

Two-dimensional (2D) metal halide perovskites exhibit efficient photoinduced emission at room temperature, but control over charge carrier transport remains limited. Here formamidinium-based layered 2D perovskites are developed with high predicted symmetry. The absence of octahedral distortion results in an exciton diffusion length of 2.5 µm.

When 100 social and behavioural science claims were examined, 34% of reanalyses closely matched the original results, with 74% reaching the same conclusion, revealing limited robustness of single-path analyses and the need to address analytical uncertainty.

Humanity’s Last Exam, a multi-modal benchmark at the frontier of human knowledge, is designed to be an expert-level closed-ended academic benchmark with broad subject coverage.

Many animals, including insects, birds, fish and reptiles, use polarized light for navigation, but this has not been reported before in mammals. In this study, Greif et al. demonstrate that a mammal, the female greater mouse-eared bat, Myotis myotis, can also use polarized light for navigation.

Spectroscopic observations of the ultra-hot Jupiter WASP-189b reveal both volatile (H₂O, CO, OH) and refractory (Fe, Mg, Si) gas in its atmosphere. Here, the authors show that the abundance ratio of refractory species reflects that of the host star.

ATF6α activation in human and preclinical models of hepatocellular carcinoma is significantly associated with an aggressive tumour phenotype characterized by reduced survival, glycolytic reprogramming and local immunosuppression.

Cervical cancer is a largely preventable disease that yet has a high burden and mortality rate in Africa. In here the authors review, the advancement in cervical cancer screening, treatment, and prognosis and advocate for decisive measures to enhance screening methods

Ion diffusion region is an indicator of active magnetic reconnection, but it had not been detected in Jupiter’s magnetosphere previously. Here, the authors show a magnetic reconnection event in Jupiter’s inner magnetosphere that presents the detection of an ion diffusion region.

Analysis of soundscape data from 139 globally distributed sites reveals that sounds of biological origin exhibit predictable rhythms depending on location and season, whereas sounds of anthropogenic origin are less predictable. Comparisons between paired urban–rural sites show that urban green spaces are noisier and dominated by sounds of technological origin.

In place of ‘season’ as the typical sun exposure proxy, this study uses ambient UVB linked to participants’ addresses. The results deepen our understanding of the link between vitamin D and health and highlight the utility of environmental data.

Targeted ablation of prostaglandin E₂ (PGE₂) signalling in CAR T cells enhances their activity in PGE₂-rich solid tumours, with demonstrations of efficacy in vitro, in mouse xenografts and in patient-derived organotypic tumour spheroids.

Application of multiancestry and ensemble-based approaches yields improved polygenic risk prediction models for breast cancer and its subtypes among women of African ancestry.

Decreased time spent outside during COVID-19 lockdowns may have impacted population vitamin D levels. Here, the authors investigate evidence for this effect using routinely collected vitamin D testing data from Bavaria, Germany.

The ALICE Collaboration provides details on the microscopic mechanism that ends up creating antideuteron in high-energy proton–proton collisions at the Large Hadron Collider.

A randomized field study in rural western Kenya, a region most vulnerable to the health impacts of climate change, found that modifying houses with cool-roofs and vector proofing most effectively reduced indoor heat, improved thermal comfort and lowered malaria mosquito density.

Integrative analyses of transcriptome and whole-genome sequencing data for 1,188 tumours across 27 types of cancer are used to provide a comprehensive catalogue of RNA-level alterations in cancer.

Analysis of data from Gaia Data Release 3 and other large spectroscopic surveys shows that nearly 60% of high-quality young clusters within 1 kpc of the Sun originated from just three distinct star-forming complexes.

The advantage of living in cities compared with rural areas with respect to height and BMI in children and adolescents has generally become smaller globally from 1990 to 2020, except in sub-Saharan Africa.

Solar tower power plants’ efficiency is hindered due to component defects such as heliostat misalignment and surface deformations. Authors propose machine learning with differentiable ray tracing to identify these errors from calibration images and predict irradiance profiles, enhancing operational efficiency.

Identifying jets originating from heavy quarks plays a fundamental role in hadronic collider experiments. In this work, the ATLAS Collaboration describes and tests a transformer-based neural network architecture for jet flavour tagging based on low-level input and physics-inspired constraints.

High-throughput chemical ligand discovery is challenged by false positives. Here, authors introduce a scalable enantioselective affinity-selection mass spectrometry approach for proteome-wide ligand discovery with high sensitivity and selectivity

The three-dimensional structure of all cloud complexes in the solar neighbourhood is revealed, showing a narrow and coherent 2.7-kpc arrangement of dense gas, in disagreement with the Gould Belt model.

There’s an emerging body of evidence to show how biological sex impacts cancer incidence, treatment and underlying biology. Here, using a large pan-cancer dataset, the authors further highlight how sex differences shape the cancer genome.

Whole-genome sequencing data for 2,778 cancer samples from 2,658 unique donors across 38 cancer types is used to reconstruct the evolutionary history of cancer, revealing that driver mutations can precede diagnosis by several years to decades.

Chronic care manages long-term, progressive conditions, while acute care handles short-term ones. Here, authors show chronic conditions account for most of the global health burden, with 68% of DALYs and 93% of YLDs attributed to chronic care needs.

The study shows forests near edges store less carbon due to higher environmental stress. Spatial optimization of new forest plantations could boost carbon storage by 986 Tg by 2060, with 53% of the gain from reducing edge effects.

The inability to accurately measure the charge-generating energy states in organic solar cells makes elucidating the photovoltaic effect in these devices difficult. Here, the authors report charge-generating mid-gap trap states in organic solar cells via ultra-sensitive photovoltaic measurements.

A cross-ancestry meta-analysis of genome-wide association studies identifies association signals for stroke and its subtypes at 89 (61 new) independent loci, reveals putative causal genes, highlighting F11, KLKB1, PROC, GP1BA, LAMC2 and VCAM1 as potential drug targets, and provides cross-ancestry integrative risk prediction.

Understating degradation pathways is critical to the development of perovskite photovoltaics. Thiesbrummel et al. show that internal electric field screening induced by ion migration is a dominant contributor to the operational performance loss of perovskite solar cells.

Trap-assisted recombination caused by localised sub-gap states is one of the factors limiting power-conversion efficiency in solar cells, yet the presence and relevance is still under debate in organic solar cells. Here, the authors reveal that this recombination loss is universally present under operational conditions in these devices.

Spin-flip resonance data are used to place direct constraints on the interaction of ultralight axion-like particles with antiprotons, improving the sensitivity to the corresponding coupling coefficient by five orders of magnitude.

A genome-wide association meta-analysis study of blood lipid levels in roughly 1.6 million individuals demonstrates the gain of power attained when diverse ancestries are included to improve fine-mapping and polygenic score generation, with gains in locus discovery related to sample size.

Self-amplifying mRNA (saRNA) vaccines hold promise for enhanced immunogenicity. This study in mice demonstrates that saRNA vaccines elicit an adaptive immune response against their own replicase, weakening T-cell responses to a subsequent H5N1 saRNA vaccine, but not diminishing the protective efficacy against an H5N1 virus challenge.

Psoriasis is a partially heritable skin disorder, the genetic basis of which is not fully understood. Here, the authors use genome-wide association meta-analysis to discover psoriasis susceptibility loci and genes, which encode existing and potential new drug targets.

This study reveals the role of boron and carbon in protecting critical interfaces sensitive to hydrogen: the tailored segregation critically reduces the hydrogen ingress, leading to an unprecedented resistance against hydrogen embrittlement.

Sequencing mutants in both normal skin and tumors that arise from it in a mouse model of ultraviolet light driven carcinogenesis reveals mutant selection changes as cancers develop. Only p53 mutants are selected throughout squamous carcinogenesis.

A theoretical framework to optimize photonic structure designs for upconversion enhancement is lacking. Here, the authors present a comprehensive theoretical model and confirm the model’s predictions by experimental realisation of 1D-photonic upconverter devices with large statistics and parameter scans.

The accuracy of melanoma diagnosis can vary considerably among clinicians, impacting both patient outcomes and the performance of related AI tools. Here, the authors systematically assess interrater variability among expert pathologists reviewing histopathological images and clinical metadata of melanoma-suspicious lesions collected at eight German hospitals.

The flagship paper of the ICGC/TCGA Pan-Cancer Analysis of Whole Genomes Consortium describes the generation of the integrative analyses of 2,658 cancer whole genomes and their matching normal tissues across 38 tumour types, the structures for international data sharing and standardized analyses, and the main scientific findings from across the consortium studies.

An analysis of 2,954 genomes from 38 cancer subtypes identified 19,166 retrotransposition events in 35% of samples. Aberrant LINE-1 retrotranspositions can lead to the deletion of tumor-suppressor genes as well as the amplification of oncogenes.

Cancers evolve as they progress under differing selective pressures. Here, as part of the ICGC/TCGA Pan-Cancer Analysis of Whole Genomes (PCAWG) Consortium, the authors present the method TrackSig the estimates evolutionary trajectories of somatic mutational processes from single bulk tumour data.

In Arabidopsis cells undergoing mitosis, centromere distribution is shown to be regulated by two steps: scattering in M-phase and stabilization in interphase. This may affect the maintenance of genome integrity rather than gene regulation.