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Most H₂ used in the chemical industry is derived from fossil fuels. Now it has been shown that coupling native microbial H₂ pathways with engineered alkene biosynthesis and membrane-bound Pd catalysis enables biocompatible hydrogenation of metabolic intermediates in living bacteria. This hybrid chemo-microbial platform supports the carbon-negative synthesis of industrial chemicals from waste-derived feedstocks.

Stevens-Johnson syndrome and toxic epidermal necrolysis (SJS/TEN) is a rare but life-threatening severe cutaneous drug reaction mediated by CD8⁺ T cells. Here the authors characterise the immune response in skin samples at the site of tissue damage from patients affected with SJS/TEN and compare this to healthy skin or blister fluid and find populations of CD8⁺ T cell clonotypes expressing cytotoxic mediator molecules.

Single-cell transcriptomics combined with morphological and ecological data show that the rapid evolutionary radiation of cichlid fishes in Lake Tanganyika was accompanied by dietary specialization across multiple layers of biological organization.

A machine-learning framework integrating cross-sectional and longitudinal brain imaging reveals distinct brain aging trajectories in ~49,000 individuals and links them to Alzheimer’s disease biomarkers, cognition, and cardiovascular risk factors.

Native state proteomics of PV interneurons revealed unique molecular features of high translational and metabolic activity, and enrichment of Alzheimer’s risk genes. Early amyloid pathology exerted unique effects on mitochondria, mTOR signaling and neurotransmission in PV neurons.

DNA-sequencing data from primary tumours and paired metastases from participants in the TRACERx lung study and PEACE autopsy programme are used to analyse the metastatic diversity of advanced non-small cell lung cancer and the seeding patterns that underpin it.

Obesity predisposes to cardiometabolic comorbidities and accelerated biological aging. Here, the authors identify cell-type level regulatory variants and their epigenomic landscape underlying this predisposition in subcutaneous adipose tissue.

Microplastics were detected in half of the intestinal tumours sampled, and patients with microplastic-positive tumours showed considerably higher tumour recurrence rates and elevated gastrointestinal symptom severity over 34 months of follow-up.

Cas12a2 enables RNA-triggered, sequence-specific killing of eukaryotic cells via widespread DNA shredding, allowing selective elimination of cells on the basis of gene expression, including virus-infected or mutation-bearing cells.

This study develops a platform that enables simultaneous, multiplexed tracing of 30 nitrogen isotope-labelled metabolites, uncovering differences in pyrimidine synthesis pathway choice between primitive and differentiated cells.

The CMS experiment at CERN reports one of the highest-precision measurements of the W boson mass, finding it in line with standard model predictions and at odds with recent anomalous measurements.

Global Burden of Disease analysis found that in 2023, suboptimal diet was estimated to be responsible for 4 million deaths and 97 million morbidity burdens from ischemic heart disease.

A prespecified analysis from the SELECT trial showed that semaglutide reduces major adverse cardiovascular events by 20% compared with placebo, particularly in patients at high risk of fibrosis, as indicated by the Fibrosis-4 index.

An in-depth analysis of tissue biopsies from patients with multiple myeloma and CAR T cell therapy-associated immune-related adverse events (CirAEs) after treatment with commercial BCMA-targeted CAR T cell therapy shows that CD4⁺ CAR T cells mediate off-tumor toxicities and that high CD4:CD8 ratio at apheresis, robust early CAR T cell expansion, ICANS and ciltacabtagene autoleuce treatment are independently associated with the development of CirAEs.

Experimental evolution of fission yeast (Schizosaccharomyces pombe) in the same environment as a previous experiment with budding yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) reveals parallel evolution but distinct molecular mechanisms and targets of adaptation in the two species.

Mechanical modulation of protein conformation enables the reversible induction of strong plasmon-coupled circular dichroism in otherwise achiral plasmonic assemblies.

The APOE-ε4 allele is the strongest genetic risk factor for late-onset Alzheimer’s disease, but it is not deterministic. Here, the authors show that common genetic variation changes how APOE-ε4 influences cognition.

When 100 social and behavioural science claims were examined, 34% of reanalyses closely matched the original results, with 74% reaching the same conclusion, revealing limited robustness of single-path analyses and the need to address analytical uncertainty.

Snyder et al. analyze two population-based birth cohorts to test associations of newborn metabolite concentrations and childhood respiratory outcomes. C4, C10:1, C18:2, and citrulline are associated with early-life wheezing and asthma, with C18:2 specifically associated with increased non-allergic asthma risk.

Guan, Ocampo and colleagues report the discovery and mechanistic dissection of Al3Cas12f, a metagenome-derived miniature nuclease that retains notable genome-editing capacity. They engineer an RKK variant, which boosts editing and helps overcome the potency threshold that has limited compact editors.

Curiosity detected over 20 organic molecules in 3.5-billion-year-old Martian rocks using a wet chemistry experiment, showing complex carbon compounds can survive for billions of years and may preserve clues about Mars’ past habitability

Stable and cell-specific transgene expression can be achieved through in vivo site-specific integration of large DNA payloads using a two-vector system of enveloped delivery vehicles and adeno-associated viruses.

A pan-haematologic cancer approach, involving analysis of data from 256 patients across 5 cancer types and 13 clinical trials, revealed predictive biomarkers for understanding the response or non-response of patients to CAR-T therapy.

Thermal inertia is used to infer physical properties of asteroid surfaces. Here, authors propose that the low thermal inertia of asteroids Bennu and Ryugu is driven by cracks in rocks resulting from geological processes within the parent body – or more recently through micrometeorite impacts

There are limited data on mpox immunity in West Africa. In this study, authors present serological and genomic evidence of residual smallpox vaccination immunity and possibly unrecognized mpox exposure among ostensibly healthy Nigerian adults.

A pangenome reference for the phenotypically diverse crop sorghum aims to help accelerate future efforts to breed crops that are better adapted to changing environments.

Evaluation by the Drug Rediscovery Protocol of off-label use of 37 approved cancer drugs on 1,610 patients showed modest activities overall, although subgroups of responders suggest that off-label drug use could be beneficial in tandem with more stringent biomarker selection.

Quantum annealing is one strategy that may enable quantum computations that are robust to noise, despite the system’s interaction with the environment. Dickson et al. explore quantum annealing for a 16-qubit system and find that for a small energy-gap avoided crossing, it can be robust against thermal noise.

cellSTAAR advances noncoding rare variant association analysis by integrating single-cell genomics data.

The immunological events that correlate with latent Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) infection (LTBI) containment in immune suppressed hosts remain to be explored. The authors here show that CD8⁺ T cells are critical for BCG vaccination-induced prevention of Mtb dissemination in the absence of CD4⁺ T cells in a mouse model of contained tuberculosis.

Analysis of a placebo-controlled trial of a BCMA-targeting CAR-T cell therapy in patients with myasthenia gravis shows that CAR-T cell infusion selectively remodels the systemic immune environment, with elimination of BCMA-high plasma cells and activated plasmacytoid dendritic cells and changes in the autoreactive B cell repertoire.

Thermoelectric devices convert waste heat to electrical power but suffer from low efficiency. Roche et al.create a mesoscopic heat engine comprising capacitively coupled hot and cold electrical circuits in which thermal fluctuations in the former are converted to potential fluctuations in the latter

In the randomized phase 3 AMPLITUDE trial, patients with HRR-deficient mCSPC experienced longer progression-free survival when they were treated with niraparib and AAP compared to placebo and AAP.

The authors released NSD-synthetic, a dataset of 7T fMRI responses from the same eight NSD participants for 284 out-of-distribution synthetic images, to facilitate the development of more robust models of visual processing.

Psoriasis is a difficult to treat chronic skin condition that could be limiting to quality of life. Here, authors present results of the phase 2 randomized clinical trial KNOCKOUT (NCT05283135) in which they treated patients with moderate-to-severe plaque psoriasis with higher-than-approved doses of risankizumab, an interleukin-23 inhibitor, to show high skin clearance rates and decreased tissue resident memory T cell numbers in the lesional skin.