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Tandem electrosynthesis is challenging because sequential reaction steps often require incompatible chemical environments. Here, the authors report the creation of pH gradient via microenvironment engineering, enabling levulinic acid to γ-valerolactone conversion in a single electrolyzer.

The authors revealed that defective sulfation of a cholesterol-derived metabolite drives harmful lipid buildup in cartilage cells, while the sulfated form protects against osteoarthritis.

Three-dimensional spatial coding in the primate brain is poorly understood. Here the authors identified spatially tuned neurons in marmoset frontal cortex and hippocampus during free foraging behavior in a 3D space.

Replicating the human brain’s imaginative ability has long been a core AI goal, yet current systems remain limited in speed and efficiency. Yang et al. present a hardware platform based on resistive memory, enabling high-speed, low-power AI content generation while fully preserving output quality.

Fibroblast heterogeneity is a hallmark of fibrosis including in the kidney, but their precise roles in driving renal fibrosis are incompletely understood. Here the authors report that a switch to a CD248⁺ extra cellular matrix -producing fibroblast subset contributes to kidney fibrosis, and blocking CD248 with a monoclonal antibody mitigates the phenotype in male mice.

Electrosynthesis of 1,3-butadiene from dilute coal-derived acetylene is promising yet remains challenging due to competing side reactions. Here, the authors develop coordination-modulated dicopper molecular catalysts to steer the electrocatalytic dilute acetylene toward 1,3-butadiene.

Gene functional shifts can rewire molecular networks beyond expression changes. Here, authors present scDNS, which quantifies network divergence to infer gene perturbations and projects them to single cells, enabling sensitive detection of hidden regulation and heterogeneous responder states.

This study examines severe lattice distortions in concentrated solid solutions, enabling an energy landscape that immobilizes vacancies and interstitials which curbs their harmful evolution under irradiation conditions.

Using time-resolved cryo-EM, this study captures fibrillar collagen assembly as it matures from a metastable to a stable state, shedding light on tissue maintenance and disease-linked defects.

Global analysis of obesity trends from 1980 to 2024 in 200 countries and territories using data from 4,050 population-based studies reveals that framing obesity as a single global epidemic masks the highly varied dynamics across countries and age groups.

Spindle neurons in the human cortex are morphologically distinct. Here, authors show that they also possess distinctive electrophysiological and transcriptomic features, establishing them as a functionally specialized cell type in the human brain.

Synthetic cells with tardigrade protein CAHS12 mimic desiccation survival by stabilizing membranes. This study uncovers how CAHS12 preserves cell structure and suggests new applications in biomanufacturing and adaptive biointerfaces.

Accurate detection of copy number alterations (CNAs) in tumour spatial transcriptomic (ST) data remains technically challenging. Here, the authors develop a computational framework (SpaCNA) that can detect CNA profiles and can be applied to 3D ST datasets.

Here, the authors uncover a mechanism by which drug-target homologs mediate non-antibiotic drug effects on bacterial growth, and suggest a universal homology-based competition strategy to reverse MTX-induced microbiota dysbiosis.

The success of KRAS G12C mutation specific inhibitors in patients with KRAS-driven tumours is limited by the emergence of acquired resistance. Here, the authors characterise olomorasib, a next-generation covalent KRAS G12C-mutant inhibitor, demonstrating efficacy in the presence of clinically relevant resistance mutations in preclinical KRAS-driven cancer models.

This work establishes a relationship between the cavity radius of hydrated electrons and PFAS degradation, which shifts focus from PFAS structure to reactive species structures, thus opening an overlooked way to tune advanced reduction processes.

Rare cells in single-cell and spatial omics are often hidden within dominant populations. Here, the authors introduce RareQ, a small-world-inspired graph method that uses neighborhood cliquishness (Q) to detect rare cell types and reveal fine-grained spatial structures.

Researchers introduce 4Pi-BRAINSPOT, an interferometric single-molecule imaging method enabling sub-15-nm 3D imaging of protein distributions in 50-μm mouse brain slices, revealing nanoscale dendritic spine organization and morphology.

Fast-charging black phosphorus electrodes are limited by slow multiphase redox reactions. Here, authors engineer P–N bonds in the phosphorus bulk to accelerate lithium insertion and boost performance. Pouch cells can hit 80% charge in 10 min, delivering 282 Wh/kg and lasting over 3,400 cycles.

Atmospheric water harvesting provides a vital pathway for mitigating freshwater scarcity. This study introduces a 3D-printed porous structure designed for rapid water capture, overcoming a critical bottleneck that has long hindered the large-scale deployment of atmospheric water harvesting technology.

This study delineates lifespan changes in the sensorimotor-association gradient using multimodal neuroimaging data from 33,247 participants, revealing a pattern aligned with evolutionary, structural, and cognitive hierarchies within a unified neurodevelopmental framework.

Photonic AI chips can process information at high speed, but current designs are constrained by planar layouts. Here, authors demonstrate a programmable 3D photonic neural network chip that directly processes 2D images and achieves 93% accuracy on MNIST classification.

This study highlights a strategy to additively manufacture lightweight, strong, and ductile heat-resistant aluminum alloys. The partial solid-state amorphization of the nanoprecipitates during high-temperature tension offers an additional toughening mechanism.

The DAMPE satellite observed a universal charge-dependent spectral softening in primary cosmic rays, and ruled out mass-dependent softening with >99.999% confidence.

Zhang et al. demonstrate that planthoppers secret an NLS-containing salivary effector, which redirects a histone deacetylase to the nucleus, thereby suppressing JA signaling and defense gene expression.

Pacific records show that, since about 430,000 years ago, stronger northward heat transport from Southern Ocean waters warmed the Indo-Pacific Warm Pool and contributed to warmer interglacials after the Mid-Brunhes Transition.

Here the authors show that marine diatoms produce tryptophanol, a molecule that at extremely low concentrations rapidly activates nitrogen assimilation genes and enzymes. This facilitates acquisition of nitrogen, a vital ocean nutrient.

High-latitude soils are future soil organic carbon loss hotspots, with losses dominated by particulate organic carbon (POC). The fraction of POC in total SOC (f_POC) is a key indicator, emphasizing the climate importance of preserving POC.

Emerging evidence suggests that organs age at different rates. This study identifies a mechanism by which the naturally hypoxic intervertebral disc ages relatively slowly, via selective autophagy of HIF-1α, and designs a small molecule to export this mechanism across tissues.

G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) function as monomers and in multiple oligomeric forms. Here, authors present a set of 12 assemblies of the apelin receptor (APLNR), providing a detailed view of the monomer-dimer transition.

Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a fatal disease involving disrupted metabolic and mitochondrial regulation. Here the authors show that REV-ERBα protects against PAH by repressing BNIP3-driven mitophagy in pulmonary vascular smooth muscle cells, revealing a potential circadian-based therapeutic target.

Ding et al. present a scaffold-aware foundation model for small-molecule natural products leveraging masked objectives and contrastive learning to enhance taxonomy classification, genome mining and virtual screening in drug discovery.

Perovskite–silicon solar cells rely on buffer layers that avoid damaging the perovskite, but common tin-oxide layers force thicker transport layers that increase optical loss. The authors replace this layer with thermally evaporated antimony oxide, enabling thinner C₆₀ and higher-efficiency perovskite–silicon solar cells.

Exhausted CD8⁺ T cells increase proteasome activity due to the accumulation of depolarized mitochondria, which drives the selective degradation of mitochondrial proteins and releases of regulatory haem through haemoprotein breakdown.

GSCo is a Generalist–Specialist Collaboration that combines the generalizability of generalist foundation models with the domain-specific benefits of specialist models. GSCo remains efficient and scalable while excelling at diverse medical tasks.

Spatial omics maps cell positions, but how they hierarchically assemble into functional tissues remains unclear. Here, the authors present HRCHY-CytoCommunity, a tool that decodes these multi-level organisations, linking them to biological mechanisms and clinical outcomes.

A programmable photonic quantum processor, Jiuzhang 4.0, incorporates 1,024 high-efficiency squeezed states into a hybrid spatial–temporal encoded 8,176-mode circuit.

DualGPT-AB is a dual-stage generative framework for therapeutic antibody design that enables multi-property optimization of CDRH3 sequences. Experiments validate designed antibodies with favorable HER2-binding affinity and tumoricidal activity.

According to a data model analysis, dark brown carbon emitted by wildfires exerts radiative effects that can rival or exceed those of black carbon, extending into mid- and high-latitude regions, including the Arctic.

Perovskite quantum dots offer easy synthesis and high performance but suffer from poor heat and moisture stability due to organic components. Here, the authors demonstrate a ligand-engineering strategy to improve the environmental stability of all-inorganic CsPbBr₃ perovskite quantum dots using trioctylphosphine, lead stearate, and chlorobenzene.