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Rat hepatitis E virus (HEV) can infect humans, but the extent of spillover isn’t well studied. Here the authors develop a serological test that distinguishes exposure to rat HEV from other HEV infection and show substantial spillover in a biodiversity hotspot in China. The method can support surveillance of rat HEV.

SLCO2A1 is an important prostaglandin (PG) transporter that regulates inactivation and distribution of PG. Here, authors present the cryo-EM structures of human SLCO2A1 bound with PGE₂, revealing the structural basis of PG recognition and transport.

High-speed flexible circuits are essential in flexible systems for real-time information analysis and wireless communication. Here, flexible circuits are reported with a 281 ps stage delay based on scaled carbon nanotube thin film transistors.

Desorption of ions from sorbents generally involves high acid or base concentrations and long desorption times, especially for multivalent ions. Here the authors report a rapid and efficient desorption of Co²⁺, Mn²⁺, and Sr²⁺ adsorbed on magnetite-graphene oxide that occurs by adding low amounts of Al³⁺, which is shown to interact with graphene more strongly than divalent ions.

In this Perspective, members of the Aging Biomarker Consortium outline the X-Age Project, an Aging Biomarker Consortium plan for building standardized aging clocks in China. The authors discuss the project roadmap and its aims of decoding aging heterogeneity, detecting accelerated aging early and evaluating geroprotective interventions.

Bacteria-derived H2S functions as a universal defense against antibiotics challenge. Here, Ji et al developed a broad-spectrum H2S scavenger that efficiently removes endogenous H2S in several bacteria, disrupts biofilm formation and sensitizes persister cells to antibiotic-mediated killing in vitro and in vivo.

A plug-and-play system fine-tunes multiple targets simultaneously for secondary metabolite production in Streptomyces.

The Chinese tree shrew, Tupaia belangeri chinensis, has been proposed as a potential animal model in biomedical research and drug safety testing. This study presents the full genome of the Chinese tree shrew, identifying common features between the tree shrew and primates.

A high-peak-power low-duty-cycle pulsed fibre laser enables stimulated Brillouin scattering microscopy with pixel dwell times as low as 0.2 ms and spatial resolution as low as 500 nm and 2 μm in the lateral and axial directions, respectively.

Polygenic scores for body mass index and obesity constructed using data from 5 million people with different ancestries were associated with distinct weight gain trajectories from early childhood to adulthood.

Artificial intelligence-based detection of gastric cancer at different stages from noncontrast computed tomography is suggested to be feasible in a retrospective analysis of large and diverse cohorts, including real-world populations in opportunistic and targeted screening scenarios.

A nanobody was identified that targets the N-terminal fragment of the adhesion G-protein-coupled receptor ADGRG2, allosterically enhances activation by the natural agonist dehydroepiandrosterone and restores signaling in mutant receptors.

How excitatory neurons (EN) acquire senescence is unclear. Here, the authors show that GDF11 in ENs slows EN senescence, brain ageing, cognitive decline and maintains lifespan, revealing a mechanism underlying EN senescence and brain ageing.

Integrative analyses of transcriptome and whole-genome sequencing data for 1,188 tumours across 27 types of cancer are used to provide a comprehensive catalogue of RNA-level alterations in cancer.

Co-transmission of neuropeptides and small molecule neurotransmitters represents a fundamental characteristic of neurons. Here, authors present a high-performance GRAB sNPF sensor and use it to reveal distinct spatiotemporal dynamics of sNPF and ACh release from single neurons.

Whole-genome sequencing data for 2,778 cancer samples from 2,658 unique donors across 38 cancer types is used to reconstruct the evolutionary history of cancer, revealing that driver mutations can precede diagnosis by several years to decades.

Recently, a discrepancy arose in predicting the pairing symmetry of high-temperature superconductor La₃Ni₂O₇. Xia et al. find that a slight increase in Ni-e_g crystal field splitting sensitively alters the pairing symmetry of La₃Ni₂O₇ from d-wave to s-wave.

Preliminary results from an investigator-initiated clinical trial showed that an AAV-OTOF gene therapy was safe and led to hearing improvements in ten patients with congenital deafness with 6–12 months of follow-up, including in a teenager and a young adult, expanding the age range from previous trials.

Real-time ray tracing faces significant computational hurdles on electronic platforms. Here, authors present the first thin-film lithium niobate photonic circuit for ray tracing acceleration, enabling rapid, energy-efficient ray-box tests with a 1-bit ADC, achieving 326 fJ/OP and over 100 GHz bandwidth.

The balance between apoptosis and autophagy is critical for normal development, proper tissue function, and disease pathogenesis. Here, the authors show previously unannotated BIRC6 domains, including a ubiquitin-like domain, and how it utilizes its ubiquitylation function to regulate both apoptosis and autophagy.

Use of ether-based electrolytes in Na-ion batteries is challenged with oxidation at high voltages. Here, authors report passivation of vulnerable ether solvents, enabling cathode electrolyte interphase enriched with NaF and NaN_xO_y and elevating the oxidation resistance of the electrolyte to 4.8 V.

This Resource provides a multi-omic tissue atlas of aging in nonhuman primates.

Iron pnictide superconductors represent a suggestive alternative to cuprate superconductors for achieving high transition temperatures. Using in situ angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy, the electronic properties of FeSe are examined as a function of film thickness, providing valuable insights into the mechanism driving the superconductivity in this material.

Yang et al. developed a new method, BEPH, a foundation model trained on TCGA WSI images. BEPH improves cancer recognition, classification, and survival prediction across subtypes, potentially reducing reliance on expert annotations.

The electrocatalytic C-N coupling of CO and organic nitrogen provides a promising strategy for producing high-value chemicals. Here, the authors report an iodide ion coordination effect that generates Cuδ+ active sites, enabling the efficient electrosynthesis of acetamide from CO and amine.

This study proposes a contact-dominated, field-enhanced design for capacitive sensors, achieving high response, strong linearity, and high sensitivity over a broad range, demonstrating great potential for functionalized flexible electronics and artificial intelligence robotic applications

Laminar membrane reactors offer green synthesis but lack clear structure–activity understanding. Here 2D HTiNbO_5-X nanosheets with oxygen vacancies are engineered, achieving near-100% esterification via sub-nanoconfined channel design.

Fluorescent DNA framework dots, consisting of a hydrophobic nanocavity containing a near-infrared-emitting dye, enable precise tumour imaging with sensitivity down to a few tens of cells in mouse models.

Understanding deregulation of biological pathways in cancer can provide insight into disease etiology and potential therapies. Here, as part of the PanCancer Analysis of Whole Genomes (PCAWG) consortium, the authors present pathway and network analysis of 2583 whole cancer genomes from 27 tumour types.

There’s an emerging body of evidence to show how biological sex impacts cancer incidence, treatment and underlying biology. Here, using a large pan-cancer dataset, the authors further highlight how sex differences shape the cancer genome.

Analyses of 2,658 whole genomes across 38 types of cancer identify the contribution of non-coding point mutations and structural variants to driving cancer.

In somatic cells the mechanisms maintaining the chromosome ends are normally inactivated; however, cancer cells can re-activate these pathways to support continuous growth. Here, the authors characterize the telomeric landscapes across tumour types and identify genomic alterations associated with different telomere maintenance mechanisms.

Whole-genome sequencing data from more than 2,500 cancers of 38 tumour types reveal 16 signatures that can be used to classify somatic structural variants, highlighting the diversity of genomic rearrangements in cancer.

Viral pathogen load in cancer genomes is estimated through analysis of sequencing data from 2,656 tumors across 35 cancer types using multiple pathogen-detection pipelines, identifying viruses in 382 genomic and 68 transcriptome datasets.

Analysis of cancer genome sequencing data has enabled the discovery of driver mutations. Here, as part of the ICGC/TCGA Pan-Cancer Analysis of Whole Genomes (PCAWG) Consortium the authors present DriverPower, a software package that identifies coding and non-coding driver mutations within cancer whole genomes via consideration of mutational burden and functional impact evidence.

A pan-cancer genomic analysis reports the effects of structural variations on chromatin domains (TADs). Most TAD disruptions do not result in appreciable changes in expression of nearby genes.

An analysis of 2,954 genomes from 38 cancer subtypes identified 19,166 retrotransposition events in 35% of samples. Aberrant LINE-1 retrotranspositions can lead to the deletion of tumor-suppressor genes as well as the amplification of oncogenes.

Some cancer patients first present with metastases where the location of the primary is unidentified; these are difficult to treat. In this study, using machine learning, the authors develop a method to determine the tissue of origin of a cancer based on whole sequencing data.

Many tumours exhibit hypoxia (low oxygen) and hypoxic tumours often respond poorly to therapy. Here, the authors quantify hypoxia in 1188 tumours from 27 cancer types, showing elevated hypoxia links to increased mutational load, directing evolutionary trajectories.

Multi-omics datasets pose major challenges to data interpretation and hypothesis generation owing to their high-dimensional molecular profiles. Here, the authors develop ActivePathways method, which uses data fusion techniques for integrative pathway analysis of multi-omics data and candidate gene discovery.

The characterization of 4,645 whole-genome and 19,184 exome sequences, covering most types of cancer, identifies 81 single-base substitution, doublet-base substitution and small-insertion-and-deletion mutational signatures, providing a systematic overview of the mutational processes that contribute to cancer development.

Observations of γ-rays with energies up to 1.4 PeV find that 12 sources in the Galaxy are PeVatrons, one of which is the Crab Nebula.

In this study the authors consider the structural variants (SVs) present within cancer cases of the ICGC/TCGA Pan-Cancer Analysis of Whole Genomes (PCAWG) Consortium. They report hundreds of genes, including known cancer-associated genes for which the nearby presence of a SV breakpoint is associated with altered expression.

Cancers evolve as they progress under differing selective pressures. Here, as part of the ICGC/TCGA Pan-Cancer Analysis of Whole Genomes (PCAWG) Consortium, the authors present the method TrackSig the estimates evolutionary trajectories of somatic mutational processes from single bulk tumour data.

Compartmentalization of phase-separated microdroplets is a key challenge in emulating native cells. Here, the authors report the assembly of compartmentalized, phase-separated cyanuric acid/polyadenine coacervate microdroplets, and the switchable light-stimulated and catalytic reconfiguration of their compartments.