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Tumor endothelial cells are essential stromal components in the tumor microenvironment. Here the authors find that endothelial-specific deletion of PDLIM5, an actin-binding protein, could inhibit tumor angiogenesis and tumor growth as well as enhance therapeutic responses in mouse tumor models.

The formation of catenanes through dynamic covalent reaction of self-assembling precursors in one pot offers a powerful route to complex interlocked architectures, yet the mechanistic insight remains underexplored. Here, the authors elucidate the nucleation–elongation mechanism in the one-pot synthesis of topologically distinct catenanes.

Transition-metal-catalyzed nitrene strategies exhibit high efficacy for intermolecular N–H insertion, but nitrene-mediated N–N coupling under metal-free conditions has rarely been explored. Herein, the authors report the selective N–N coupling using sulfilimines as nitrene precursors.

By modulating phonon dynamics via lattice softening and defect-induced strain in Mg₃Sb_1.5Bi_0.5, the authors achieve ultra-low thermal conductivity of 0.3 W m⁻¹ K⁻¹, and a ZT_max of 2.06, highlighting its potential for waste-heat recovery.

T cells have been shown to have a function in chronic lung inflammation in COPD. Here the authors characterise the single cell transcriptional profile of T cells after smoke inhalation in mouse models showing changes in TCR repertoire and Il17a expression in γδ T cells, suggesting smoke-associated γδ T cells are involved in COPD inflammation and implicating γδT17 cells as a possible target for early prevention and treatment of COPD.

A cross-ancestry GWAS meta-analyses of brainstem structures identify 713 associations. It reveals shared/distinct genetic architectures across ancestries/substructures and overlaps with neuropsychiatric disorders and physiological functions.

It is unclear how early-life urbanicity influences adult neurobehavioral traits. This study reveals that earlier menarche mediates the relationship between early-life urbanicity and adult neurobehavioral traits associated with mental disorders.

A new artificial intelligence model, DeepSeek-R1, is introduced, demonstrating that the reasoning abilities of large language models can be incentivized through pure reinforcement learning, removing the need for human-annotated demonstrations.

A genus-level super-pangenome of Avena comprising 35 high-quality genomes from 23 cultivated or wild oat species highlights the evolution of Avena and the landscape of structural variations related to abiotic stress resistance.

Ovarian endometriomas, with distinct microenvironment and heightened hormonal sensitivity, are recognized as precursors of ovarian carcinomas. This study decodes ovarian endometriomas by integrating single-cell and spatial transcriptomics with spatial metabolomics to reveal key markers and altered pathways, offering new avenues for diagnosis and therapy.

LatentSNA is a method for network analysis in human neuroimaging. It facilitates linking neural activity with behavior and improves biomarker prediction by reducing type II errors.

Achieving multiple fluorescence changes in a single luminogenic system is desirable but challenging. Here, the authors report a chromone-based aggregation-induced emission luminogen, with six distinct thermal and photoswitchable states.

Conditional knockout of LARP4 in naive CD4⁺ T cells leads to attenuated quiescence exit and clonal expansion.

This work develops CRISP, a framework using foundation models to predict drug responses in previously unseen cell types at single-cell resolution, advancing drug repurposing and drug screening capabilities.

Polygenic scores for body mass index and obesity constructed using data from 5 million people with different ancestries were associated with distinct weight gain trajectories from early childhood to adulthood.

A method for acetylome profiling requiring a low quantity of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) was developed, revealing a significant reduction in H4K77ac in aged HSCs, associated with decreased lymphocyte differentiation potential.

Xue et al. develop a foundation model for spectral analysis. It excels in multiple tasks, such as denoising spectra and quantifying trace molecules, and is especially promising in identifying metabolic biomarkers of diseases such as stroke, Alzheimer’s disease and prostate cancer.

Polymerization reactions are often catalysed by metal compounds and hence there are concerns surrounding toxicity, cost and environmental friendliness. Here the authors show sulfenate anions as organocatalysts for benzylic chloromethyl-coupling polymerization reactions to form poly(stilbene)s.

This study presents a neuromorphic computing platform capable of learning cross-modal, event-driven signals for efficient real-time knowledge generalization. It also achieves zero-shot transfer learning for multimodal data.

Phase-shift engineering of triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) is a strategy for modulating the phase shifts of electrical output from multiple TENG units to achieve continuous constant voltage/current output. This Review summarizes the principles of phase shift engineered TENGs, and how it might further boost energy utilization efficiency and practicality.

An electrostatic-repulsion-enabled advanced transfer technique based on ammonia solution is introduced for separating van der Waals thin-film materials from their substrates, demonstrating suitability for its use in the complementary metal–oxide–semiconductor (CMOS) industry.

The orbital angular momentum degree of freedom is used to demonstrate 10 bit holographic images with a helical mode index spanning from −50 to 50.

Fixation of CO₂ in organic molecules is an area of great interest due to the implications in sustainable chemistry. Here, the authors show a visible light-mediated hydrocarboxylation of ketimines with atmospheric CO₂ to afford a number of α,α–diaryl α-amino acid derivatives.

Cortical morphology shows maturation during childhood and adolescence. Here the authors show this is structurally constrained by a diffusion network model and that this constraint is linked to gene expression profiles of microstructural development.

A large genome-wide association study of more than 5 million individuals reveals that 12,111 single-nucleotide polymorphisms account for nearly all the heritability of height attributable to common genetic variants.

Stem cells are highly resistant to viral infection, irrespective of any interferon response. Here the authors discover that VAMP5 as a potent cell-autonomous defense factor protects ESCs from various viruses’ infection, including SARS-CoV-2 by interacting with RNA replication complexes to defend against viral infection.

Profiling subcellular multi-omics with spatiotemporal resolution remains a key challenge in cell biology. Now an orthogonal photocatalytic labelling strategy has been developed that enables simultaneous, non-genetic profiling of mitochondrial RNA and proteins within the same sample, providing a chemical approach for transcriptomic and proteomic analyses with spatial and temporal precision.

Tea is an important beverage crop with a large and heterozygous genome. Here, the authors assemble the genome of the cultivar Longjing 43 and conduct a population genetics study to reveal divergent selection for disease resistance and flavor between the two variety groups.

Worldwide, the number of only-child families is increasing. This research examines how growing up without siblings affects adult brain structure, function and connectivity, cognition, personality and mental health.

Epstein–Barr virus - host chromatin interactions in nasopharyngeal carcinoma remain poorly understood. Here, the authors characterise the virus‒host chromatin interactions leading to genome reorganisation and identify a KDM5B-relevant signature associated with distant metastasis.

Structures of complexes containing GajA and GajB proteins of the prokaryotic Gabija anti-phage defence system reveal the mechanism of its activation after DNA cleavage upon ATP depletion.

It is challenging to achieve scar-free repair of chronic wounds as they often feature the occurrence of multiple healing phases in an unpredictable and nonlinear manner. Here, the authors report a healing phase-adaptive regulating hydrogel that exhibits hierarchically delivering performance for programmed modulation of chronic infected wounds.

Cancer cells downregulate surface expression of major histocompatibility complex I (MHC-I) for immune evasion. Here, the authors show that rapid mitochondrial fission activates the ER-stress response leading to reduced MHC-I complex formation and cell surface expression in solid cancer cells; moreover inhibition of mitochondrial fission increases the immune-mediated anticancer response in murine models.

Aberrant activation of autoreactive T cells is a hallmark of autoimmune diseases. Here, by analysing CD4 T cells from patients with polymyositis and mice with experimental autoimmune myositis, the authors show that TIGIT limits the differentiation of inflammatory Th1 and Th17 cells via a metabolic-epigenetic mechanism, which involves the inhibition of CD28-mediated PI3K/AKT/mTOR costimulatory signaling.

Sun et al show that low leucine levels in the blood enhance the pathogenicity of neonatal meningitis-causing Escherichia coli, offering insights into host-pathogen interactions that could inform future therapeutic strategies.

Heterogeneous reactions associated with porous films are vital in nature and industry. A hierarchical-structure-accelerated interfacial dynamic strategy is reported to improve interfacial gas transfer on conductive metal-organic framework films.

Monitoring the diversity of viruses infecting animals is important for assessing zoonotic risk. Here, the authors use metatranscriptomics to characterise the viromes of small mammals, pangolins, and zoo animals in China to identify potentially zoonotic viruses.

Sun et al. report human lifespan changes in the brain’s functional connectome in 33,250 individuals, which highlights critical growth milestones and distinct maturation patterns and offers a normative reference for development, aging and diseases.

Socioeconomic status is multidimensional and can change over time. Xu, Lui, Ji et al. found dimension-specific, late-stage-specific and change-specific socioeconomic effects on brain, cognition, personality and emotion.