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This study delineates lifespan changes in the sensorimotor-association gradient using multimodal neuroimaging data from 33,247 participants, revealing a pattern aligned with evolutionary, structural, and cognitive hierarchies within a unified neurodevelopmental framework.

Zhang et al. demonstrate that planthoppers secret an NLS-containing salivary effector, which redirects a histone deacetylase to the nucleus, thereby suppressing JA signaling and defense gene expression.

Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and TGF-β can affect the function and phenotype of Th17 cells. Here the authors used single-cell multi-omics to profile human peripheral blood T cells cultured with activation stimuli, IL-1β and IL-23 alone or combined with PGE₂, TGF-β or both and characterised the resultant chromatin accessibility and transcriptional profile changes.

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a complex autoimmune condition and treatment options have limited efficacy. Here, by analysis clinical samples and employing preclinical models, the authors show that cGAMP levels are elevated in the plasma of patients with SLE and that loss of cGAS ameliorates symptoms in an imiquimod-induced lupus model. Importantly, they identify prasugel as a cGAS inhibitor with promising therapeutic potential.

Hormone receptor-positive, HER2-negative advanced breast cancer lacks defined treatment options following CDK4/6 inhibitor (CDK4/6i) failure. Here, the authors present a phase Ib clinical trial where the CDK4/6i dalpiciclib is combined with the histone deacetylase inhibitor chidamide in this setting.

Controlling the morphology of dendritic nanostructures is crucial for enhancing their functionality, but remains a challenge. Here, the authors demonstrate that the local electric field between gold nanoparticles and iron oxide branches promotes directional and accelerated growth.

Yu et al. report a self-assembled heterogeneous microstructure consisting of chiral-deficit grains and chiral-rich grain boundaries in chiral perovskite with the former as in-plane spin valves for spin selection. Retinomorphic sensor arrays based on the chiral perovskite film enable binocular artificial visual systems.

Real-time spectrum sensing (RT-SS) is essential for 6G networks to dynamically manage spectral resources and support integrated sensing and communication. Here, the authors develop a thin film lithium niobate photonic system for wideband RT-SS up to 120 GHz with nanosecond-level latency.

Endocsymbiosis is known to fuel deep-sea life, while ectosymbiosis remains poorly understood. Analysing the genome of a cold-seep scallop, this study uncovers key adaptations to the deep sea and metabolic complementarity with chemosynthetic bacteria on its gill surface.

High-latitude soils are future soil organic carbon loss hotspots, with losses dominated by particulate organic carbon (POC). The fraction of POC in total SOC (f_POC) is a key indicator, emphasizing the climate importance of preserving POC.

Zinc isotopes in basalts along a 1,100-km transect of the Gakkel Ridge record widespread mantle recycling of surface carbonates via ancient oceanic subduction, explaining the unusually carbon-rich nature of the Arctic asthenosphere.

Global Burden of Disease analysis found that in 2023, suboptimal diet was estimated to be responsible for 4 million deaths and 97 million morbidity burdens from ischemic heart disease.

Imaging strain in large catalytic particles with high precision remains a challenge. Here, the authors apply four-dimensional scanning transmission electron microscopy to map strain in perovskite-type hydroxides, revealing correlations that enable high-performance nitrate reduction to ammonia.

How do avian eyes fulfill the intense metabolic activity of thick, high-acuity retinas in the absence of direct vascular support? The study finds that birds’ rapid, oscillating saccadic eye movements pump glucose from the pecten to the avascular retina, sustaining nutrient supply and boosting visual responses in the brain; especially when driven by dynamic visual stimuli.

Leveraging multi-element symbiosis, protective interfacial nanolayers are engineered in an intermetallic alloy. This results in a high fatigue limit of ~1,100 MPa, far exceeding that of conventional intermetallic alloys.

Neutrophils are known to be important in COPD pathogenesis and calcium signaling is involved in this process. Here the authors examine the function of Na⁺Ca²⁺ exchanger 1 (NCX1) in neutrophil function in mouse models of chronic cigarette smoke exposure and show that inhibition of NCX1 reduces neutrophil accumulation in the lungs and formation of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs).

A non-volatile Al_0.7Sc_0.3N-based memory is developed with low switching voltage, fast write speed, low energy consumption and ~10⁸-cycle write endurance at 583 K, with excellent stability and uniformity.

The growth of high-quality organic single crystals is essential for probing intrinsic optoelectronic properties and molecular packing. Here, the authors present an additive-directed cocrystallization strategy to grow Y6-additive cocrystals with tunable thickness and controlled morphology.

A centimetre-scale convolutional spectrometer offers high performance, low cost and ~500-nm bandwidth. The system classifies diverse solid samples and quantifies concentrations of solutions with detection accuracy surpassing commercial benchtop spectrometers.

This study highlights the Wheat Spatial Omics Consortium, which aims to build a spatiotemporal single-cell atlas of wheat in response to different treatments, thereby contributing to the development of sustainable and climate-resilient wheat.

This study uncovers how amyloid-β boosts astrocyte calcium activity, increasing cholesterol and disrupting brain waste clearance in an Alzheimer’s disease mouse model. Targeting astrocyte calcium or cholesterol restores clearance and improves cognition.

High-frequency exchange resonance in antiferromagnetically coupled ferrimagnets lasts longer than ferromagnetic resonance near the compensation point due to unequal damping in the two sublattices, promising sub-THz coherent spintronic applications.

Here the authors identify a tumor immunoevasion mechanism in which tumor cells release branched-chain amino acid metabolites that can bind and activate Notch on tumor-associated macrophages, reprogramming these cells to be immunosuppressive.

In situ microscopic single-particle imaging demonstrates the significance of rationally engineered metal–support interfaces for activating the oxygen in bulk catalyst, helping elucidate reaction pathways in catalytic conversions.

Xiang, Wang, Tian et al. report that during nutrient insufficiency, inflammatory cytokines promote a ZBTB5-mediated mechanism to activate mTORC1 signalling, thereby enhancing amino acid uptake in tumour cells and restricting antitumour immune response.

This study presents a co-designed neuromorphic computing and neural network system for efficient and affordable modeling of ionic and electronic interactions in large-scale material systems.

Calorimetry data for continuous-flow photochemistry are scarce, hindering kinetic model development and safe scale-up. Here, the authors combine in situ calorimetry with design of experiments to build a quantitative, heat-consistent kinetic model and a calorimetry-informed visual digital model for the continuous-flow photobromination of (E)-methyl 2-(methoxyimino)-2-(o-tolyl)acetate, enabling real-time thermal-management guidance and extending the calorimetric dimension of process analytics.

Soil viruses influence carbon cycling across pH gradients, with acidic soils showing greater lysogeny and carbon related genes, as revealed by viral communities recovered through size fractionation and tangential flow filtration from twelve paddy fields.

Microorganisms release extracellular vesicles, but their ecological roles in natural environments remain unclear. A year-long multi-omics study reveals that environmental extracellular vesicles mediate metabolite exchange central to carbon and nitrogen cycling while stabilizing microbial communities.

Fabricating coloured radiative cooling coatings that are easy to produce and do not compromise cooling performance is challenging. Ying Liu et al. develop a one-step fabrication method that yields coloured ethyl cellulose coatings while preserving high solar reflectance.

Chen, Cai et al., present a rigorous human-in-the-loop framework for evaluating the medical performance of AI-generated responses to real clinical questions, using a scale aligned with physician career stages. Although some models perform at levels comparable to early-career physicians, substantial rates of incompetent answers and hallucinations demonstrate that unmonitored clinical deployment remains risky, underscoring the continuing need for expert oversight.

Zhang et al. demonstrate that cardiac ischemia–reperfusion injury leads to the accumulation of glutamylated microtubules, which disrupts connexin 43 trafficking and promotes arrhythmias. They further show that targeting microtubule glutamylation or spastin preserves electrical stability and protects the heart from injury.

Wang, Guo, Zhang and colleagues obtain four cryo-electron microscopy snapshots that show how IscB is kept off by two RNA lids, with a car-pedal-like guide shift activating cleavage after ~11-nt pairing. They also engineer hinge regions that boost flexibility and improve genome editing in cells.

AI models consume growing amounts of energy. Here, the authors introduce a brain-inspired way to prune connections in randomly weighted resistive-memory chips, boosting accuracy while avoiding costly analog tuning to improve general efficiency and reduce power use.

High-throughput and low-input quantitative citrullinome analysis integrated with deep learning reveals association between citrullinome landscape and rheumatoid arthritis severity, as well as rheumatoid arthritis-sera reactivity of identified citrullinated peptides.

NatD is an acetyltransferase responsible for N-α-terminal acetylation of the histone H4 and H2A and has been linked to cell growth. Here the authors show that NatD-mediated acetylation of histone H4 serine 1 competes with the phosphorylation by CK2α at the same residue thus leading to the upregulation of Slug and tumor progression.

ROS-mediated sulfenylation or ‘oxidative activation’ of p-GSK-3β can terminate glycogenesis and initiate gluconeogenesis by modulating Gys2 and FoxO1, leading to hepatic insulin resistance.

Measurement-based quantum computing implements quantum algorithms by performing sequences of measurements on special classes of entangled states, such as cluster states. This approach has now been demonstrated on a superconducting quantum processor.