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The CMS experiment at CERN reports one of the highest-precision measurements of the W boson mass, finding it in line with standard model predictions and at odds with recent anomalous measurements.

A hierarchical Al₃Ti/Al composite with high strength and modulus at elevated temperatures is developed incorporating high-energy ball milling-controlled in-situ reaction between Ti₂AlC and Al, through activating the internal decomposition in Ti₂AlC.

Identifying and classifying chiral phonons has been challenging, limiting their use in quantum and thermal technologies. Now, a symmetry-based framework and database describe phonon chirality across space groups and reveal promising material candidates.

This study identifies distinct transposable element subfamilies as genetic determinants of stemness properties in normal and leukemic stem populations with clinical implications for patients with acute myeloid leukemia.

Structured liquid droplets exhibit asymmetric division in the absence of reconstituted protein machinery.

LHAASO has detected γ-ray emission with a spectrum extending to 2 PeV from the pulsar wind nebula (PWN) powered by PSR J1849-0001, indicating an extreme particle acceleration efficiency and challenging the current particle acceleration theories.

New predictions for how temporal stability and resilience depend on their resistance and recovery components are explored.

PTCHD1-AS, which encodes a long non-coding RNA, is associated with the aetiology of autism spectrum disorder in humans through striatal molecular and circuit-level dysregulation.

The quark structure of the f₀(980) hadron is still unknown after 50 years of its discovery. Here, the CMS Collaboration reports a measurement of the elliptic flow of the f₀(980) state in proton-lead collisions at a nucleon-nucleon centre-of-mass energy of 8.16 TeV, providing strong evidence that the state is an ordinary meson.

Global Burden of Disease analysis found that in 2023, suboptimal diet was estimated to be responsible for 4 million deaths and 97 million morbidity burdens from ischemic heart disease.

Osteoarthritis is driven by epigenetic dysregulation, yet targeted therapies remain elusive. Here, the authors develop a cartilage-targeting hydrogel delivering BRD4-degrading PROTACs to suppress the BRD4- Nav1.7 axis and alleviate osteoarthritis.

Using warming microcosms across 100 paired sites, a global meta-analysis and microbiome manipulation experiments, this study shows that agricultural microbiomes confer higher compositional and multifunctionality resistance to warming and can transfer this resistance to natural soils.

Non-Hermitian systems support non-trivial topological effects, yet eigenvalue braiding remains difficult to control and observe. Now, active tuning of laser modes enables programmable and directly observable braiding on an integrated photonic chip.

The CMS Collaboration reports the measurement of the spin, parity, and charge conjugation properties of all-charm tetraquarks, exotic fleeting particles formed in proton–proton collisions at the Large Hadron Collider.

Multi-ancestry and ancestry-stratified genome-wide analyses identify genetic variants associated with refractive error and enable construction of an enhanced polygenic predictor incorporating functional annotations.

A cross-organ, multi-omics U-shaped relationship between sleep duration and biological ageing clocks highlights the potential of sleep optimization to promote healthy ageing, lower disease risk and extend longevity.

This study develops a platform that enables simultaneous, multiplexed tracing of 30 nitrogen isotope-labelled metabolites, uncovering differences in pyrimidine synthesis pathway choice between primitive and differentiated cells.

The linear dispersion and massless behaviour of excitons have been predicted for two-dimensional materials but have not been experimentally demonstrated. Now this behaviour is observed using momentum-resolved electron energy-loss spectroscopy.

Radiocarbon analyses show that dryland soils store organic carbon with a mean age of ~2100 years and release carbon averaging ~520 years old, suggesting that long-stored carbon in drylands is vulnerable to environmental change.

Reti-Pioneer, a retinal imaging artificial intelligence framework, identified diverse systemic diseases and demonstrated feasibility in a primary care silent trial, offering a pathway toward scalable clinical evaluation.

The STAR experiment at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider at Brookhaven National Laboratory demonstrates evidence of spin correlations in \(\Lambda \bar{\Lambda }\) hyperon pairs inherited from virtual spin-correlated strange quark–antiquark pairs during QCD confinement.

Self-assembled hole-selective molecules can enable high performance in perovskite solar cells, but controlling the hole extraction efficiency is challenging. Tianyu Li et al. address this by designing molecules that adopt a quasi-random orientation on the substrate.

Bioactivity-guided isolation of specialized metabolites is an iterative process. Here, the authors demonstrate a native metabolomics approach that allows for fast screening of complex metabolite extracts against a protein of interest and simultaneous structure annotation.

When 100 social and behavioural science claims were examined, 34% of reanalyses closely matched the original results, with 74% reaching the same conclusion, revealing limited robustness of single-path analyses and the need to address analytical uncertainty.

Photonic time crystals (PTCs) have unveiled unusual band structures and phenomena due to temporal modulation of optical properties. Here, the authors address non-Hermitian features of PTCs within a purely Hermitian Hamiltonian description, bridging classical and quantum approaches.

James Webb Space Telescope observations show powerful high-redshift quasar outflows, supporting quasar feedback as a key mechanism driving rapid star-formation quenching in early massive galaxies.

Triplet excitons in OPVs can redissociate via the charge-transfer state into free carriers, reducing losses and improving efficiency, enabled by molecular design controlling singlet–triplet energetics through exciton delocalization.

Identifying jets originating from heavy quarks plays a fundamental role in hadronic collider experiments. In this work, the ATLAS Collaboration describes and tests a transformer-based neural network architecture for jet flavour tagging based on low-level input and physics-inspired constraints.

Antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 continue to evolve 6 to 12 months after infection in patients who have recovered from COVID-19, increasing in potency and breadth with time.

Androgen activity in the male embryonic hindbrain prolongs hindbrain differentiation in male individuals and drives sex differences in the incidence and prognosis of posterior fossa type A (PFA) ependymoma, an aggressive childhood brain tumour.

MMCLKin is a multimodal and multiscale contrastive learning framework for kinase-inhibitor affinity prediction, kinase inhibitor selectivity profiling, virtual screening for known, unknown, and mutated kinases, and interpretable analysis.

The morphology of hole-selective contacts is key to the stability of perovskite solar cells. Feng et al. use self-assembled molecules with extended conjugation and hydroxyl groups to form dense, amorphous films that suppress degradation induced by ion migration.

The OCTCube models integrate optical coherence tomography and other imaging modalities to achieve state-of-the-art performance in predicting retinal diseases with strong generalizability across cohorts, devices and modalities.

The authors from the ALICE collaboration identify multiple species of mesons and baryons and measure the anisotropic flow with non-flow removal techniques in pp and p-Pb collisions at the LHC, identifying the hallmark of quark flow associated with an expanding quark-gluon plasma.

Self-assembled monolayers are efficient hole-selective contacts but suffer from aggregation and adhesion issues. To address these, Wang et al. introduce a dimeric molecular design that forms a hydrogen-bond network, enabling 28.4% certified efficiency in all-perovskite tandem solar cells.

Analysis of cancer genome sequencing data has enabled the discovery of driver mutations. Here, as part of the ICGC/TCGA Pan-Cancer Analysis of Whole Genomes (PCAWG) Consortium the authors present DriverPower, a software package that identifies coding and non-coding driver mutations within cancer whole genomes via consideration of mutational burden and functional impact evidence.

There’s an emerging body of evidence to show how biological sex impacts cancer incidence, treatment and underlying biology. Here, using a large pan-cancer dataset, the authors further highlight how sex differences shape the cancer genome.

Superconductivity mediated by phonons is usually conventional due to isotropic electron-phonon coupling. Here, Wang et al. report highly anisotropic phonons only along [001] direction in Sr_0.1Bi₂Se₃, indicating a singular electron-phonon coupling which favors a p-wave nematic superconductivity scenario.

A new artificial intelligence model, DeepSeek-R1, is introduced, demonstrating that the reasoning abilities of large language models can be incentivized through pure reinforcement learning, removing the need for human-annotated demonstrations.

The CMS Collaboration reports evidence for off-shell Higgs boson contributions in the production of Z boson pairs, and measures the width of the Higgs boson, which is inversely related to its lifetime.

The study identifies novel genetic variants linked to core cerebrospinal fluid Alzheimer’s Disease biomarkers using a genome-wide analysis, showing how endophenotypes can identify genes and disease mechanisms not captured by case-control studies.

The Einstein Probe has discovered a fast X-ray transient, EP240414a, associated with a broad-lined type Ic supernova. Its unusually soft spectrum and weak jet add to the diversity of stellar deaths and suggest a previously unknown Wolf–Rayet star explosion mechanism.

While Bell inequalities have been violated several times—mostly in photonic systems—their violations within particle physics experiments are less explored. Here, the BESIII Collaboration showcases Bell-violating nonlocal correlations between entangled hyperon pairs.

Quantum errors present a fundamental challenge for quantum information storage and manipulation. Zhong et al.implement a protocol based on quantum measurement uncollapsing to detect and reject quantum errors in a superconducting qubit, thereby increasing the storage time of a quantum state by a factor of three.

The semileptonic decay channels of the Λc baryon can give important insights into weak interaction, but decay into a neutron, positron and electron neutrino has not been reported so far, due to difficulties in the final products’ identification. Here, the BESIII Collaboration reports its observation in e+e- collision data, exploiting machine-learning-based identification techniques.

Analysis of the somatic and transcriptomic profile of 123 acral melanoma samples from Mexican patients helps understand tumour origins and prognosis, and highlights the importance of including samples from diverse ancestries in cancer genomics studies.

Stable and robust topological edge modes are observed at finite temperatures in an array of 100 programmable superconducting qubits because of emergent symmetries present in the prethermal regime of this system.

The authors present SVclone, a computational method for inferring the cancer cell fraction of structural variants from whole-genome sequencing data.