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Here, the authors introduce a 3D Weyl metamaterial hosting modes bound to a 1D topological lattice defect. The modes carry nonzero orbital angular momentum locked to the direction of propagation, and they experimentally demonstrate the ability to emit acoustic vortices into free space.

How the circadian clock generates rhythms of arousal remains unclear. Here, authors show that a clock-output molecule reduces excitability of an arousal circuit during the active phase. These results suggest a multifaceted role for the clock in arousal.

Viral pathogen load in cancer genomes is estimated through analysis of sequencing data from 2,656 tumors across 35 cancer types using multiple pathogen-detection pipelines, identifying viruses in 382 genomic and 68 transcriptome datasets.

The characterization of 4,645 whole-genome and 19,184 exome sequences, covering most types of cancer, identifies 81 single-base substitution, doublet-base substitution and small-insertion-and-deletion mutational signatures, providing a systematic overview of the mutational processes that contribute to cancer development.

Spatially resolved images of M87 obtained at a wavelength of 3.5 mm in 2018 show a ring-like accretion structure, the inner (outer) edge of which connects the black hole (jet).

Observational analyses from the China Kadoorie Biobank found that alcohol consumption was associated with higher risks of 61 diseases in Chinese men, with most of these associations confirmed by genetic analyses.

Understanding deregulation of biological pathways in cancer can provide insight into disease etiology and potential therapies. Here, as part of the PanCancer Analysis of Whole Genomes (PCAWG) consortium, the authors present pathway and network analysis of 2583 whole cancer genomes from 27 tumour types.

In somatic cells the mechanisms maintaining the chromosome ends are normally inactivated; however, cancer cells can re-activate these pathways to support continuous growth. Here, the authors characterize the telomeric landscapes across tumour types and identify genomic alterations associated with different telomere maintenance mechanisms.

Some cancer patients first present with metastases where the location of the primary is unidentified; these are difficult to treat. In this study, using machine learning, the authors develop a method to determine the tissue of origin of a cancer based on whole sequencing data.

Many tumours exhibit hypoxia (low oxygen) and hypoxic tumours often respond poorly to therapy. Here, the authors quantify hypoxia in 1188 tumours from 27 cancer types, showing elevated hypoxia links to increased mutational load, directing evolutionary trajectories.

Despite the importance of osteoclast secretory lysosomes in bone digestion, the proteins that regulate them remain ill defined. Here, the authors identify Slc37a2 as a secretory lysosome sugar transporter that is required for maintenance of skeletal bone mass.

High-strength nanocrystalline materials come at the expense of tensile ductility, thermal stability, and electrical conductivity. Here the authors report a nanodispersion-in-nanograins strategy where ultra-nano-carbon was used to concurrently achieve above four mutually exclusive properties.

The authors experimentally study nonlinear light propagation with tunable dispersion, which mimics the effect of fractional derivatives. The pulses have the unique features that their spectra have a discontinuous derivative and they decay slowly in time.

Inborn errors of the alternative NF-κB pathway in humans impair the development of AIRE-expressing medullary thymic epithelial cells, thereby underlying the production of autoantibodies against type I IFNs and predisposition to viral diseases

Weak perturbations couple solitons—nonlinear pulses—to low-amplitude linear waves. Longstanding mathematical results indicate that this phenomenon is universal. The authors verify these predictions experimentally by demonstrating that the coupling amplitude satisfies a general scaling law.

Still’s disease is an inflammatory syndrome linked to the development of further immune dysregulation and hypercytokinaemia termed macrophage activation syndrome. Here the authors implicate the mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 in murine models of Still’s disease and macrophage activation syndrome, and provide associations with clinical cases in patients

Genome-wide association analyses of intracranial and nine subcortical brain volumes in 74,898 participants of European ancestry identify 254 independent loci and yield polygenic scores accounting for brain variation across ancestries.

Genome-wide association analysis of an improved telomere length score, calculated from quantitative PCR and whole-genome sequencing measurements in 462,666 individuals in the UK Biobank, identifies novel genes and variants underlying this trait.

From 1980 to 2018, the levels of total and non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol increased in low- and middle-income countries, especially in east and southeast Asia, and decreased in high-income western countries, especially those in northwestern Europe, and in central and eastern Europe.

Growth limitation caused by mutual shading and the high harvest cost hamper algal biofuel production. Here, the authors overcome these two problems by designing a semi-continuous algal cultivation system and an aggregation-based sedimentation strategy to achieve high levels production of biomass and limonene.

Antibiotic contamination has become a global challenge. Here, authors develop a retrievable and recyclable microalgae hydrogel network system, which can achieve efficient degradation of antibiotics over a wide range of concentrations.

Many recent proteomics studies use either Olink or SomaScan platforms to quantify proteins in high-throughput, but the consistency between the two is unclear. Here, the authors measure proteins in the same samples using both platforms, finding only modest correlation, and compare associations with genetic variants and disease.

While the high concentration of CO₂ in flue gas makes it an attractive feedstock for electrocatalytic production of useful molecules, SO₂ contaminants can poison catalysts. Here the authors report a polymer/catalyst/ionomer heterojunction design with hydrophobic and hydrophilic domains that improves the SO₂ tolerance of a Cu catalyst.

Replicative sliding clamp loading is critical for DNA replication and repair. Here, authors report structures of major clamp loading intermediates in a bacterial system, revealing how the clamp is opened and loaded onto DNA.

Here the authors identify 128 regions of the genome associated with blood pressure traits in 100,000 Chinese adults. Blood pressure traits contributed differently to CVD risk, with only pulse pressure independently causally associated with carotid plaque.

Evidence synthesized from 252 large-herbivore exclusion studies suggests that herbivore-induced change in dominance, independent of site productivity or precipitation, best predicts herbivore effects on biodiversity in grassland and savannah sites.

Perfect absorption can be obtained for a single port device, or a device with multiple incident beams, but for multiport devices, the absorption is limited to around 50%. In this work, Rao et al. overcome this limitation, demonstrating near perfect absorption in a two port cavity magnon system.

Functional CRISPR screens in patient-matched pre-treatment and post-treatment glioblastoma models identify the PTP4A–ROBO1 axis as a driver of tumorigenicity and enriched ROBO1 expression in recurrent glioblastoma that can be targeted with CAR T cell therapy.

The authors defined a roadmap for investigating the genetic covariance between structural or functional brain phenotypes and risk for psychiatric disorders. Their proof-of-concept study using the largest available common variant data sets for schizophrenia and volumes of several (mainly subcortical) brain structures did not find evidence of genetic overlap.

The results obtained by seventy different teams analysing the same functional magnetic resonance imaging dataset show substantial variation, highlighting the influence of analytical choices and the importance of sharing workflows publicly and performing multiple analyses.

Sexual dimorphism in genetic vulnerability to schizophrenia, systemic lupus erythematosus and Sjögren’s syndrome is linked to differential protein abundance from alleles of complement component 4.

Coastal wetlands are important ecosystems around the world and are under increasing anthropogenic threat. This Review explores the threats to coastal wetlands across multiple scales, the drivers of their resilience to change and future conservation priorities.

An important risk factor for coronary artery disease is the level of blood lipids. Here the authors conduct an exome-wide association study in Chinese cohorts and identify three novel loci associated with lipid levels as well as three Asian-specific variants in known loci.

A ‘mouse atlas’, comprising single-cell transcriptomic data from more than 100,000 cells from 20 organs and tissues, has been created as a resource for cell biology.

Resistance to first line treatment is a major hurdle in cancer treatment, that can be overcome with drug combinations. Here, the authors provide a large drug combination screen across cancer cell lines to benchmark crowdsourced methods and to computationally predict drug synergies.

With a design inspired by wind-dispersed seeds, a series of three-dimensional passive fliers at the macro-, meso- and microscale are realized that can bear active electronic payloads.

Analysis of mitochondrial genomes (mtDNA) by using whole-genome sequencing data from 2,658 cancer samples across 38 cancer types identifies hypermutated mtDNA cases, frequent somatic nuclear transfer of mtDNA and high variability of mtDNA copy number in many cancers.

The insurance hypothesis posits that more diverse communities are more stable through time. Here, the authors show that plant biodiversity reduces the spatial variability of productivity in grassland communities, demonstrating that the insurance hypothesis applies also across space.

Developing an understanding of a material’s magnetic behaviour based on neutron scattering measurements often relies on extracting an effective spin model. Samarakoon et al. demonstrate an automated machine learning approach to this problem, leading to more robust inferences from complex data.

A protocol in which monomers are pre-organized using a reversible and removable urea linkage enables the production of covalent organic frameworks with higher crystallinity and porosity than those produced using standard approaches with randomly aligned monomers.

A consortium reports the tripling of the number of genetic markers in Phase II of the International HapMap Project. This map of human genetic variation will continue to revolutionize discovery of susceptibility loci in common genetic diseases, and study of genes under selection in humans.

Analysis of whole-genome sequencing data across 2,658 tumors spanning 38 cancer types shows that chromothripsis is pervasive, with a frequency of more than 50% in several cancer types, contributing to oncogene amplification, gene inactivation and cancer genome evolution.

Reconstructing the full shape of neurons is a major informatics challenge as it requires handling huge whole-brain imaging datasets. Here the authors present an open-source virtual reality annotation system for precise and efficient data production of neuronal shapes reconstructed from whole brains.

Functionally coupled motions between the voltage-sensing and the phosphatidylinositol phosphatase domains of the sea squirt protein Ci-VSP are mediated by PtdIns(4,5)P₂ binding to the segment linking these domains, as shown by electrophysiology and voltage clamp fluorometry.