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Dysregulated CD59 drives uncontrolled complement activation in neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders (NMOSD). Here, the authors show in a mouse NMOSD model that endothelial SPARC suppresses astrocytic CD59 by blocking the VEGFA/VEGFR2 axis, promoting astrocytopathy, that might offer a potential therapeutic strategy.

Replicating the human brain’s imaginative ability has long been a core AI goal, yet current systems remain limited in speed and efficiency. Yang et al. present a hardware platform based on resistive memory, enabling high-speed, low-power AI content generation while fully preserving output quality.

In this work, the authors show that the uncharacterized protein YchJ acts as a ROS-sensing transcription factor in Salmonella; upon oxidation, YchJ dimerization represses rssB, stabilizing RpoS to activate antioxidant enzymes, protecting the pathogen from macrophage oxidative burst.

Conventional frequency comb spectroscopy suffers from a trade-off between sensitivity and speed. Here, authors present a self-heterodyne scheme using a non-uniformly spaced comb. This platform achieves high sensitivity, stability, and nanosecond single-shot molecular spectral measurement, overcoming a key limitation in time-resolved comb spectroscopy.

Concentration polarization limits cycling stability of cells at high currents. Here, authors propose a mechanical-electrochemical conversion strategy by constructing a piezo electrolyte that actively utilizes the unavoidable volume fluctuation of lithium metal to minimize concentration polarization.

RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) regulate gene expression, but predicting RBP–RNA interactions across species is challenging. Here, the authors introduce MuSIC, a deep learning framework leveraging label smoothing and evolutionary conservation across 11 species to predict cross-species RBP–RNA interactions.

Single-component organic solar cells are more stable than blends but suffer limited efficiency from inefficient charge generation. Li et al. introduce a fluorinated double-cable polymer that accelerates charge transfer and separation, achieving 14.8% efficiency and higher photocurrent.

This study shows that reduced Mll5 impairs microglial phagocytosis via TREM2- SGK3-GSK3β signaling, causing ASD-like behaviors in mice, while lithium chloride was shown to rescue deficits.

Preeclampsia is a serious pregnancy complication, but early identification of women at risk remains difficult due to limited biomarkers. Here, the authors show that cell-free DNA fragmentomics from maternal blood can predict preeclampsia risk early in pregnancy.

Arrestins are crucial for regulating GPCR cellular signaling. Here, authors present structures of βarrestin-1 bound to the parathyroid hormone type 1 receptor (PTH1R), offering a paradigm for arrestin coupling to class B1 GPCRs.

Preeclampsia results from abnormal placentation, but the role of protein O-fucosylation is unclear. Here the authors show that poFUT1 loss reduces EDIL3 O-fucosylation, disrupts LIFR–STAT3 signaling, and causes defective placental remodeling and PE-like phenotypes.

Here, the authors uncover a mechanism by which drug-target homologs mediate non-antibiotic drug effects on bacterial growth, and suggest a universal homology-based competition strategy to reverse MTX-induced microbiota dysbiosis.

Global analysis of obesity trends from 1980 to 2024 in 200 countries and territories using data from 4,050 population-based studies reveals that framing obesity as a single global epidemic masks the highly varied dynamics across countries and age groups.

Low-dose IL-2 therapy has been evaluated for the treatment of numerous autoimmune conditions. This study reports the outcomes of a phase 2, randomised, placebo-controlled trial evaluating the efficacy and safety of low-dose IL-2 for the treatment of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE).

Molecular devices offer the potential for the scalability and energy efficiency required to develop energy-sustainable AI. Zhang et al. report a single-molecule neuromorphic device that consumes 6.34 aJ per operation and support both short-term to long-term memory, featuring over 10 distinct conductance states.

Treatment failure exists in Induction chemotherapy followed by concurrent chemoradiotherapy (CCRT) for locoregionally advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma (LA-NPC) patients. Here this group reports a phase 2 randomized trial evaluating the efficacy and safety of adding nimotuzumab, to CCRT on 246 patients with untreated, non-keratinising, stage II–IVA LA-NPC.

Inflammatory skin diseases are characterized by immune dysregulation often underpinned by metabolic dysregulation. Here the authors show that in human psoriasis and mouse skin inflammation models, adenosine-mediated crosstalk between fibroblasts and keratinocytes drive mitochondrial dysfunction and pro-inflammatory mediator release in keratinocytes, leading to epidermal inflammation.

In this study, the authors identify an Aurka–Bhlhe41 axis, which prevents microglia from aging-like dysfunction by limiting CD22 upregulation, preserving myelin debris clearance and remyelination, and highlighting a potential therapy target for neurodegeneration.

Here, the authors show that the PLA2G6 protein is a component of the IP3R1–GRP75–VDAC1 complex at the mitochondria-associated endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membrane, maintaining the integrity and function of ER–mitochondria contacts.

Pathological mechanisms underlying the onset and progression of PTSD (post-traumatic stress disorder) are not fully understood. Here authors show that stress-induced Sgk1 upregulation in basolateral amygdala neurons projecting to the hippocampus as a key mechanism underlying the delayed PTSD-like avoidance behavior in mice.

Maternal obesity is known to cause systemic lipid dysregulation, yet its effect on lipid reprogramming during the maternal-to-zygotic transition (MZT) remains unknown. Here, they show that obesity disrupts very-long-chain fatty acids (VLCFAs) storage in oocytes, impairing peroxisomal protein import in 2-cell embryos.

Despite rapid development of model algorithms, more evidence is needed on the widespread clinical implementation of auto-segmentation tools. In this prospective, multicenter, observational trial, the authors find that AI-assisted delineation performs better than manual delineation while improving time efficiency and reducing performance metrics variability across centers and physicians with varying expertise.

Skeletal muscle fiber type is key to metabolic health. Zhou et al. reveal that the protein BRD4 dictates muscle fiber identity, blocking it promotes energy-burning slow fibers and prevents obesity in mice, offering a new target for metabolic disease.

A programmable photonic quantum processor, Jiuzhang 4.0, incorporates 1,024 high-efficiency squeezed states into a hybrid spatial–temporal encoded 8,176-mode circuit.

Metabolic reprogramming toward glycolysis is a hallmark of pathological cardiac hypertrophy, but the regulatory mechanisms remain unclear. Here the authors show that the adipokine, asprosin, drives hypertrophic metabolic remodeling by stabilizing PFKP and activating a YY1–asprosin–PFKP–PDK4–PDH axis.

Structured liquid droplets exhibit asymmetric division in the absence of reconstituted protein machinery.

N-acetyltransferase 10 (NAT10) is an N⁴‐acetylcytidine (ac⁴C) writer, which catalyzes RNA acetylation at cytidine N⁴ position on RNAs. Here, the authors show that NAT10 catalyzes ac⁴C addition to a long non-coding RNA encoded by the oncogenic DNA virus Kaposi’s sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV), triggering viral lytic reactivation from latency, which promotes NAT10 recruitment of IFI16 mRNA, resulting in inflammasome activation.

The DAMPE satellite observed a universal charge-dependent spectral softening in primary cosmic rays, and ruled out mass-dependent softening with >99.999% confidence.

The authors provide a spatial transcriptomic atlas of cynomolgus monkey embryos at Carnegie stages 9 and 10 and further do comparative analyses using public human and mouse data to dissect conserved and species-specific transcriptional programs.

In a multi-cohort longitudinal study integrating continuous glucose monitoring and circulating proteomics, cumulative age-related disease trajectories shape daily glycaemic variability and postprandial response to standardized meals.

CRISPR-Cas9-based library screening and genome editing to generate a novel cell clone, MC09, with supreme adenovirus yield and negligible replication competent adenovirus production.

Extracellular vesicles from senescent endothelial cells transfer GPX4 to colorectal cancer cells, suppress ferroptosis, and promote resistance to neoadjuvant chemotherapy

Dong and colleagues report that blockade of T cell-expressed cytotoxic and regulatory T cell molecule results in selective mitigation of immune-related toxicities without affecting antitumor efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitors.

Mannose-binding lectin attenuates coronavirus induced pneumonia by regulating the PKM2- NLRP3 axis in macrophages, revealing a novel metabolic-immune crosstalk in antiviral defense.

scPlantReg is a framework and database for plant single-cell chromatin data, with scATACtor for cell-type identification. Applied to pearl millet, it identifies WRKYs involved in xylem development and conserved regulatory patterns across species.

ceRNA mechanism of hypoxia-induced Schwann cells-derived extracellular vesicles reveals their protective effect in peripheral nerve injury.

Pangenome analyses of 28 representative Gossypium hirsutum accessions, including a telomere-to-telomere genome for NDM13, and transcriptomic profiling across 15 tissues highlight structural variations associated with breeding traits.

Li et al. conduct a multi-omics analysis of nasopharyngeal carcinoma and identify three molecular subtypes with distinct immune profiles and responses to induction chemotherapy.

LHAASO has detected γ-ray emission with a spectrum extending to 2 PeV from the pulsar wind nebula (PWN) powered by PSR J1849-0001, indicating an extreme particle acceleration efficiency and challenging the current particle acceleration theories.

A solar-powered strategy enables sustainable agriculture by integrating solar desalination, crop irrigation and food waste upcycling into an interconnected system, creating a circular economy for regions facing freshwater constraints.