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The relationship between innate immunity and cellular senescence is unclear. Here the authors show that NRF1 promotes inflammatory signaling and suggest that NRF1 inhibition may improve age-related health outcomes.

The early detection of degradation in lithium-ion batteries is crucial for effective predictive maintenance and recycling. Here, the authors propose a two-stage early-stage degradation prediction method based on GPT to predict the charging data of and state-of-health of batteries

Self-supervised reconstruction structured illumination microscopy (SSR-SIM) is a reconstruction approach for SIM that improves image reconstruction by including light modulation priors and information on reconstruction artifacts, while simultaneously eliminating the need for ground-truth images. The improvements allow long-term imaging of sensitive cellular processes.

Realizing organic p–n junctions based on ordered crystalline materials with dimensions comparable to the exciton diffusion length of most organic semiconductors remains a challenge. Here, the authors report a strategy to form molecular monolayer crystal-based p–n junctions with thickness below 5 nm.

It is unclear how early-life urbanicity influences adult neurobehavioral traits. This study reveals that earlier menarche mediates the relationship between early-life urbanicity and adult neurobehavioral traits associated with mental disorders.

A cross-ancestry GWAS meta-analyses of brainstem structures identify 713 associations. It reveals shared/distinct genetic architectures across ancestries/substructures and overlaps with neuropsychiatric disorders and physiological functions.

The authors introduce and demonstrate a programmable optically-driven organic micro-actuator for precise manipulation of on-chip structures. This paves the way for adaptive, multifunctional photonic systems.

The authors characterize a repressive H3K36me2 reader that plays a PRC1-like role in Polycomb gene silencing and facultative heterochromatin formation in fungi that functions through direct interaction with a PRC2 subunit, a histone deacetylation co-suppressor, and nucleosome compaction.

Convergence of heavy or light chains in antibodies recognising pathogens could drive mutations in these pathogens. Here the authors examine antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 and find that a conserved VL6-57 light chain recognising a conserved motif in the spike protein is associated with virus mutations and could drive changes in SARS-CoV-2 omicron variants.

Defect engineering plays a pivotal role in materials science but achieving precise control over defects in pure organic systems remains a challenge. Here, the authors demonstrate the creation of controllable defects in molecular crystals through the supersaturated solution-fed seeded self-assembly of two strategically designed molecules.

This trial evaluated the immunogenicity and safety profiles of a bivalent aerosolized adenovirus-vectored COVID-19 vaccine and an intramuscular bivalent mRNA booster. The mRNA booster induced higher neutralizing antibody levels and a distinct memory B cell response, yet was associated with a higher incidence of adverse reactions.

Glucocorticoids dephosphorylate GR at Ser212/Ser234 to drive catabolic transcription, whereas Irisin restores ERK/JNK-mediated GR phosphorylation through integrin αvβ5, inhibiting GC-driven muscle atrophy.

Amino acid changes in a newly identified spike epitope enabled the Delta variant to evade a population antibody response.

The authors show that the lncRNA-derived microprotein SMIMP, which is shown to promote tumor formation, regulates cohesin core subunit binding to cis-regulatory elements and alters the expression of tumor-suppressive cell cycle regulators.

Obtaining a protein crystal structure can be hampered by molecular flexibility. Here, the authors use precipitant-immobilized molecularly imprinted polymers to produce high quality crystals, such as of the fragile X mental retardation protein N-terminal domain, allowing for a detailed structural and functional analysis.

The authors show that SARS-CoV-2-specific T cells in the lung are key to fighting infection and persist after viral clearance, contributing to long-term immunity and protection.

The current use of elastography ultrasound faces challenges, including vulnerability to subjective manipulation, echo signal attenuation, unknown risks of elastic pressure and high imaging hardware cost. Here, the author shows a virtual elastography to empower low-end ultrasound devices with state-of-art elastography function.

In situ real-time water pollution monitoring provides a fast and convenient way to detect water pollutants, but the development of detectors with high sensitivity is still challenging. Portable organic photodetectors fabricated with a colloid processing approach achieve highly sensitive and accurate monitoring of trace pollutants in water.

Achieving visible-light-driven CO₂ photoreduction in ambient air is significant yet challenging. Here, the authors introduce strain into layered In₂S₃ at atomic scale for promoted CO₂ activation and boosted photogenerated charge carrier separation in atmospheric CO₂ photoreduction.

The authors demonstrate a significant influence of canopy structure on autumn phenology in temperate forests, mediated by microclimate regulation. Incorporating this relationship into autumn phenology models enhances their prediction accuracy and reduces previously projected delays in autumn phenology.

Analysing the genome of a snailfish from the Mariana Trench, the authors show genetic changes associated with unique morphological and physiological adaptations to life in the hadal zone.

Tree height and forest structure may both determine forest responses to drought. Here, the authors analyse highresolution airborne LIDAR data on <1 million trees during the 2012-2016 California drought and find that presence of both tall trees and structurally complex stands reduces tree mortality under drought.

The establishment of a pre-metastatic niche is a key step preceding metastasis formation. Here the authors show that tumor-intrinsic Lin28B, a RNA-binding protein, has an essential role in the formation of an immune-suppressive pre-metastatic niche, promoting lung metastasis of breast cancer.

Glacial-interglacial cycles drove lithium-rich brine formation in the Qarhan Salt Lake in China, according to Th dating and fluid inclusion analyses in halite, and paleotemperature reconstructions.

New methods for obtaining large-area monolayer molecular crystals (MMCs) on hydrophobic surfaces are needed to realize the full potential of MMCs for organic electronics. Here, the authors demonstrate bottom-up growth of high-grade n-type MMCs, which show superior performance in device applications.

The dynamics of planted forests in China over the past three decades have contributed ~1198tg of above-ground carbon storage.

Worldwide, the number of only-child families is increasing. This research examines how growing up without siblings affects adult brain structure, function and connectivity, cognition, personality and mental health.

β-Cell dysfunction is a hallmark of type 2 diabetes. Here, the authors show that trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO (a microbiota metabolite)) induces β-cell dysfunction and type 2 diabetes in mice through NLRP3 inflammasome activation and calcium transients.

Zheng et al. generate and utilize a biobank of colorectal cancer PDOs to find that high LGR4 is linked to chemoresistance. They develop a monoclonal antibody against LGR4 that activates ferroptosis and is therapeutically beneficial.

Eye lens cells are highly enriched in cholesterol that sustains lens transparency, and disruption of cholesterol biosynthesis leads to cataracts. The authors show that cholesterol biosynthesis regulated by Qki is essential for maintenance of membrane integrity of lens cells and proper protein folding.

Socioeconomic status is multidimensional and can change over time. Xu, Lui, Ji et al. found dimension-specific, late-stage-specific and change-specific socioeconomic effects on brain, cognition, personality and emotion.

Southern Oman speleothem oxygen isotope and multi-proxy data reveal diverse changes in the Afro-Indian summer monsoon circulations and local hydroclimate conditions during the Holocene, confirming climate model simulations.

Cross-ancestry genome-wide association studies of 3,414 brain imaging phenotypes in Chinese Han and white British participants identify autosomal and X-chromosomal associations in more diverse populations.

Genome-wide association meta-analyses in populations of East Asian and European ancestries identify variant–trait associations for 44 hippocampal traits and provide insight into the genetic architectures of hippocampal and subfield volumes.