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Antibody-conjugated Mesenchymal stromal cells (Ac-MSC) carrying internalized therapeutic agents represent a promising therapeutic approach for the treatment of autoimmune disease. Here, an ac-MSC-based drug delivery system, consisting of anti-CD4 antibody-conjugated MSCs loaded with a RORγt inverse agonist, is engineered to achieve selective targeting of pathogenic CD4 T cells and to deliver therapeutic benefits in mouse models of psoriasis and arthritis.

The key regulators driving intrinsic immune responses and neuropathic pain remain elusive. Here, the authors elucidate that ZFP612-mediated epigenetic disinhibition of Il1rl1 within the 3D genome in dorsal root ganglion neurons causes neuropathic pain.

Biomolecular condensates are dynamic compartments that regulate cellular functions. Here, the authors show that RNA motifs control the formation and localization of FXR1-containing condensates, linking riboregulation to nuclear pore function and fate transitions in human embryonic stem cells.

The lack of an efficient anti-tumor T cell response contributes to the failure of anti-PD1 therapy. Here, the authors show a potential strategy to improve the therapeutic effects of anti-PD-1 antibody by simultaneously targeting IL-21 to tumor-reactive T cells in vivo.

Leaf-level spectral reflectance is associated with the expression of genes related to ecological functions, suggesting large-scale prediction of gene expression, as revealed by hyperspectral data and bioinformatic analysis of two maple species.

Sun et al. identify a role for PABPC1 in selectively regulating the translation of leukaemogenic mRNAs to promote blast crisis transition, which may be targeted to overcome resistance to TKI treatment in chronic myeloid leukaemia.

The correlation between asymmetric molecular geometry of non-fullerene acceptors and their optoelectronic properties was unclear. Here, the authors found asymmetric ones exhibit increased open-circuit voltage compared to their symmetric counterparts due to reduced non-radiative charge recombination.

Using human data and mice models, it was revealed that assimilation of ammonia by a gut microbe prevents its harmful accumulation that can impair kidney function.

This paper uses machine learning and extensive groundwater survey data to predict the evolution of groundwater quality across China. It integrates both natural and socio-economic factors.

Untargeted metabolomic analysis provides comprehensive metabolic profiling but faces challenges in medical application. Here, the authors present an explainable deep learning method for end-to-end analysis on raw metabolic signals to differentiate metabolomic profiles of cancers with high accuracy.

Protein kinase R-like endoplasmic reticulum kinase-phosphorylated adenylosuccinate lyase (ADSL) binds to Beclin1 upon lipid deprivation. ADSL-produced fumarate increases Beclin1 K117 dimethylation by inhibiting lysine demethylase 8 activity, resulting in disrupted binding of BCL-2 to Beclin1, enhanced autophagy and liver tumor growth.

Interferon-γ (IFNγ)-activated calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CAMK2) phosphorylates phosphoserine aminotransferase 1 (PSAT1) at serine 337 (S337), enabling glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4) interaction, promoting α-ketoglutarate-dependent PHD3-mediated GPX4 proline 159 (P159) hydroxylation and stabilizing GPX4 to counteract ferroptosis.

Quantification of intratumoral nanoparticles internalisation in vivo is crucial but challenging. Here, the authors develop a binary ratiometric nanoreporter that can quantify internalisation and predict nanotherapeutic responses based on intracellular nanoparticle exposure.

Phox homology (PX) domains are membrane interacting domains that bind to various lipids. Here authors screen all human PX domains systematically for their phospholipid preferences and define four classes and provide the basis for defining and predicting functional PX-membrane interactions.

The variation on molecular topology and aggregation behaviour of tethered small molecule acceptors is critical to device operating performance. Here, the authors designed two isomeric dimers via the thiophene-core engineering and realize device efficiency of 18.1% and long stability in solar cells.

EpiChem enables the co-profiling of small molecule–DNA interactions and multiple epigenomic features in single cells.

REV7 has emerged as a critical regulator of DNA double-strand breaks repair. Here, the authors show that REV7 is crucial for both antibody class switch recombination and somatic hypermutation in activated B cells, in addition to their survival upon AID-deamination.

Wei et al. identify that cytoplasmic METTL3 interacts with PABPC1 to facilitate translation of epigenetic factor mRNAs without m⁶A modification to promote tumour progression, suggesting an m⁶A-independent mechanism for this methyltransferase.

Increasing rainfall intensity produces opposite hydrological effects across a large river basin in South China (drying in the uplands vs. wetting in the lowlands) due to spatially contrasting interactions between rainfall intensification and topography.

Plant and animal tissues produce nitric oxide and reactive nitrogen species that induce nitrosative stress in pathogens. Here, Jian et al. identify two transcriptional regulators in the phytopathogen Fusarium graminearum that control the nitrosative stress response by modulating the recruitment of a chromatin-remodelling complex at the promoters of the response genes.

RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) regulate RNA activity and are implicated in haematopoietic malignancies, but their role in myeloid cell specification is unclear. Here, the authors show a role for the RBP KSRP in promoting granulocyte fate over monocyte fate through the biogenesis of miR-129 and a decrease in RUNX1.

The fungus Fusarium graminearum is a pathogen of cereal crops. Here, Liu et al. identify a transcription factor that regulates sterol biosynthesis and virulence in this organism.

Huang, Qin, Shang et al. profile double-strand breaks (DSBs) generated by C-to-G base editors (CGBEs) and find that HMCES protects abasic sites and reduces CGBE-triggered DSBs.

This Perspective discusses using long-term ecological research networks to advance our understanding of fundamental evolutionary processes and evolutionary responses to global change.

Changes in surface air temperature and snow cover between 1979-2017, particularly in North America, are reducing the climatic suitability of potential ice roads, and their contribution to land accessibility is expected to decrease by the end of the 21st century, according to model results for assessing the climatic suitability of potential Arctic ice roads using satellite remote sensing and meteorological data.