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Despite rapid development of model algorithms, more evidence is needed on the widespread clinical implementation of auto-segmentation tools. In this prospective, multicenter, observational trial, the authors find that AI-assisted delineation performs better than manual delineation while improving time efficiency and reducing performance metrics variability across centers and physicians with varying expertise.

This study explores climate-fuel-fire interactions across Eurasian drylands and shows that fast-spreading fires in Steppe are fuel-limited, while prolonged fires in high-latitude regions are controlled by climate-induced fluctuations in fuel flammability.

Neutrophils are known to be important in COPD pathogenesis and calcium signaling is involved in this process. Here the authors examine the function of Na⁺Ca²⁺ exchanger 1 (NCX1) in neutrophil function in mouse models of chronic cigarette smoke exposure and show that inhibition of NCX1 reduces neutrophil accumulation in the lungs and formation of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs).

Current antiviral treatment approaches target specific Ebola virus species. Here, the authors develop bispecific antibodies with pan-ebolavirus neutralization capacity, structurally resolve the epitope and neutralization mode and show potent protection in a rodent model.

The mid-infrared (MIR) range of the electromagnetic spectrum can be indirectly accessed by frequency upconversion. Here, authors propose a phase-matching-free scheme for broadband and efficient upconversion, covering wavelengths from MIR to ultraviolet with high-order harmonics generated from a NbOI₂ crystal. MIR imaging is demonstrated with a standard silicon camera.

The COMPASSION16 trial showed survival benefits of cadonilimab plus standard therapy in advanced cervical cancer. Here, subgroup analysis confirms consistent progression-free and overall survival improvements across diverse patient profiles.

The α-C–C cleavage of ketones provides a versatile route for C–C bond formation but remains challenging, particularly for selective cross-coupling between distinct ketones. Here the authors report a nickel- and photocatalysis-enabled deacylative coupling via bimolecular homolytic substitution to forge diverse C(sp³)–C(sp³) bonds.

Here, the authors show that the PLA2G6 protein is a component of the IP3R1–GRP75–VDAC1 complex at the mitochondria-associated endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membrane, maintaining the integrity and function of ER–mitochondria contacts.

Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSC) contribute to tissue repair and regeneration by activating pro-repair macrophages. However, the precise signaling governing this crosstalk upon injury is elusive. Here, using a mouse model of endovascular injury and single-cell RNA sequencing, the authors identify an IL-33–ST2–OPN axis that orchestrates the functional interaction between MSCs and reparative ST2+ macrophages, stimulating vascular smooth muscle cell and vascular repair.

Global cropland subsoil hides a “biogeochemical engine” where crop roots, soil texture, nitrifier communities, and hydrological conditions interact to fuel nitrification, silently driving soil acidification and groundwater nitrate pollution.

The CMS experiment at CERN reports one of the highest-precision measurements of the W boson mass, finding it in line with standard model predictions and at odds with recent anomalous measurements.

A centimetre-scale convolutional spectrometer offers high performance, low cost and ~500-nm bandwidth. The system classifies diverse solid samples and quantifies concentrations of solutions with detection accuracy surpassing commercial benchtop spectrometers.

LHAASO has detected γ-ray emission with a spectrum extending to 2 PeV from the pulsar wind nebula (PWN) powered by PSR J1849-0001, indicating an extreme particle acceleration efficiency and challenging the current particle acceleration theories.

Multiple myeloma (MM) is linked to light chain (LC) amyloidosis, yet MM patient-derived LC fibril structures remain unknown. Yao et al. extracted LC fibrils from abdominal fat biopsies of two living MM patients and solved three structures using cryo-electron microscopy.

Millisecond pulsar PSR J0435+3233, with a spin-down rate that is 100 times higher than those of other millisecond pulsars, occupies a unique position on the P–Ṗ diagram. This pulsar challenges classical recycling models and constrains spin-up theories.

Zhang, Han, Tan, Lu, Ma et al. report that kynurenine derived from peritumoural adipose tissue is hijacked by cancer cells to mediate ferroptosis resistance, a process that could potentially be targeted with immunotherapy to inhibit tumour growth.

Previous de novo peptide sequencing is often limited by single protease-based experiments. Here, authors present the DiNovo software for high-coverage and high-confidence sequencing by using mirror proteases and deep learning.

The authors prepare single-domain SrAl_11-δTiO₁₉ ferroelectric thin films with a magnetoplumbite structure through a solid-state reaction. This thin film not only exhibits high remnant polarization but also demonstrates excellent polarization retention characteristics.

The Taiwan Precision Medicine Initiative (TPMI) has built a cohort of more than half a million individuals with Han Chinese ancestry, providing a rich resource of genetic and medical data for this group.

A distinct lipid-laden subset of monocyte-derived macrophages regulates hepatocyte proliferation and liver regeneration in injured livers, via CD36-mediated signalling.

The authors mapped the continental-scale fraction of age-dependent leaf area index and revealed a widespread increase in the fraction of photosynthetically efficient young leaves across the majority of Amazon rainforests over the past decades.

Pan et al. develop a zero-shot learning framework that detects mild diabetic retinopathy by transferring lesion features from a correlated eye disease without using labeled examples. The model achieves high accuracy and outperforms most supervised baselines, demonstrating a promising approach for automated screening where annotated data are scarce.

Yang et al. compare neoadjuvant triple therapy versus direct hepatectomy in patients with resectable intermediate or advanced hepatocellular carcinoma. The findings indicate that the neoadjuvant regimen improves overall and event-free survival but is associated with a higher risk of serious adverse events and postoperative complications.

Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are crucial regulators but challenging to detect due to their low abundance. Here, authors developed a tetrahedral DNA framework (TDF) sensor that allows for rapid and sensitive detection of circRNAs both in vitro and in vivo, facilitating real-time visualization and tracking.

Here the authors reveal a study of 486,956 Han Chinese individuals showing that most people with genetic variants affecting drug response do not have the predicted adverse events, highlighting the challenges of implementing pharmacogenetics in clinical practice.

The Taiwan Precision Medicine Initiative recruited and genotyped more than half a million Taiwanese participants, almost all of Han Chinese ancestry, and performed comprehensive genomic analyses and developed polygenic risk score prediction models for numerous health conditions.

Femtosecond electrochemical transient absorption spectroscopy is employed to explore the fundamental origin of anodic corrosion. It reveals that Ir corrosion originates from ultrafast proton–electron synchronization and that CeO₂ can create femtosecond-scale proton–electron asynchrony for corrosion-resistant low-Ir anodes.

Here the authors present NCATS-SM0225, a small molecule that inhibits ERAD and selectively kills cancer cells by binding VDACs, disrupting calcium homeostasis, and triggering the PERK-STIM1 pathway to degrade ERAD regulators.

Fan et al. describe DF-003, an alpha-kinase 1 (ALPK1) inhibitor that targets the root cause of the rare genetic disease ROSAH syndrome, demonstrating the ability of DF-003 to inhibit ocular inflammatory pathology in ROSAH model mice.

Single-cell data analysis is challenging due to inherent noise and sparsity. Here, authors introduce scMINER, a mutual information-based integrative tool to enhance clustering and reveal regulatory networks and hidden biological drivers by transforming scRNA-seq expression into activity profiles.

Li and colleagues present CellScope, a tree-structured framework that reveals multi-level cellular hierarchies and gene functions in single-cell data. This approach provides clear clustering, intuitive visualization, and deep biological views into cell types and functions.

Artificial intelligence-based detection of gastric cancer at different stages from noncontrast computed tomography is suggested to be feasible in a retrospective analysis of large and diverse cohorts, including real-world populations in opportunistic and targeted screening scenarios.

The catalytic enantioselective synthesis of sulfinimidate esters remains a formidable challenge in organic chemistry. Here the authors report an enantioselective oxidative esterification of sulfenamides to form sulfinimidate esters by using anionic stereogenic-at-Co(III) complexes as catalysts.

The growth of the smallest aerosol particles is critical to their impacts on climate and air quality. Here, the concentration gradient of nanoparticles is shown to be an important microphysical mechanism for their rapid initial growth.

OkaE is an αKG-NHFe enzyme capable of synthesizing the pharmacophoric motif azetidine ring via unique C–C bond formation. Here, the authors report the multifunctionality of OkaE, which enables not only azetidine formation but also scaffold diversification through sequential oxidations, including hydroxylation, epoxidation, and ring cleavage.

Electrocatalytic nitrate reduction in acidic wastewater offers a route to produce ammonia, but faces efficiency challenges. Here, the authors report a Ru/WO_3-x catalyst that uses a proton-management strategy to achieve high ammonia production and enables a device that recovers energy.