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Genetic analyses in more than 15,000 individuals from across the Americas, including individuals with autism and family members, define the genetic landscape of autism in Latin American populations and identify significant overlap with other ancestries.

Cardiovascular surgery and haemodialysis urgently need durable vascular grafts. Here, authors develop a decellularized polymer skeleton-reinforced biotube as a readily-available vascular graft and demonstrate utility in vivo across multiple large animal preclinical models.

Treatment failure exists in Induction chemotherapy followed by concurrent chemoradiotherapy (CCRT) for locoregionally advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma (LA-NPC) patients. Here this group reports a phase 2 randomized trial evaluating the efficacy and safety of adding nimotuzumab, to CCRT on 246 patients with untreated, non-keratinising, stage II–IVA LA-NPC.

Authors present a specialized diagnostic tool called ClinDiag-GPT trained on real-world cases. It outperformed baseline models of existing large language models and could serve as a clinical assistant to physicians.

The Taiwan Precision Medicine Initiative (TPMI) has built a cohort of more than half a million individuals with Han Chinese ancestry, providing a rich resource of genetic and medical data for this group.

The Taiwan Precision Medicine Initiative recruited and genotyped more than half a million Taiwanese participants, almost all of Han Chinese ancestry, and performed comprehensive genomic analyses and developed polygenic risk score prediction models for numerous health conditions.

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) remains a highly lethal cancer with poor prognosis and limited treatment options. This study identifies Prolyl 3- hydroxylase 1 (P3H1) as a critical regulator of PDAC progression through PLK1-β-catenin signaling, driving tumor-associated macrophage recruitment and tumor growth.

Conventional dendritic cells (cDCs) are essential to generate effective anti-tumor immune responses; however, they are often dysfunctional within the tumor microenvironment. Here the authors report that the impaired function of cDCs in late-stage tumors is associated with a reduction of pentose phosphate pathway (PPP), suggesting strategies to augment PPP as a therapeutic option to increase cDC-mediated anti-tumor response.

Here the authors reveal a study of 486,956 Han Chinese individuals showing that most people with genetic variants affecting drug response do not have the predicted adverse events, highlighting the challenges of implementing pharmacogenetics in clinical practice.

Researchers identify FOXJ3 variants in focal epilepsy and cortical dysplasia and show that FOXJ3 regulates neuronal migration and cortical layer formation by controlling the PTEN–mTOR pathway; disruption of this process leads to abnormal brain development.

Endothelial cells (ECs) and bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) support hematopoiesis and hematopoietic regeneration. Whether ECs are a source of BMSCs remains unclear. Here, using lineage tracing models the authors show that ECs are not a source of BMSCs during homeostasis and regeneration.

Crystallizing the perovskite layer on thin tunnel oxide passivated contact silicon cells is challenging due to rapid heat transfer. Zhou et al. address this issue using a 2-mercaptobenzothiazole additive, achieving a tandem cell efficiency of 32.76%.

Here the authors report a chiral hypervalent iodine(III)-catalyzed skeletal editing of pyrimidine moieties within polynitrogen heterocycles, efficiently producing optically pure multi-substituted imidazoline rings.

Researchers have cloned the broad-spectrum stripe rust resistance gene Yr83 from rye via triticale. This gene encodes a unique NLR–transposase fusion protein, offering a pivotal genetic resource for wheat breeding.

Zhou, Ho and colleagues show that, in mice, a schizophrenia-associated mutation impairs belief updating by weakening mediodorsal (MD) thalamus activity. Boosting this activity restored flexible decision-making, suggesting MD thalamus as a potential therapeutic target.

The microbiota influences the cytotoxicity of chemotherapy in patients with colorectal cancer but the impact on metastatic relapse is less clear. Here, the authors report that chemotherapy-induced intestinal mucositis induces systemic immune changes via production the microbial metabolite, indole-3-propionic acid (IPA), preventing metastases.

NCR1 (nitrate concentration regulator 1) promotes root-to-shoot nitrate transport by regulating the transcription of nitrate transporter NRT2.3, thereby contributing to grain yield in maize.

Yang et al. compare neoadjuvant triple therapy versus direct hepatectomy in patients with resectable intermediate or advanced hepatocellular carcinoma. The findings indicate that the neoadjuvant regimen improves overall and event-free survival but is associated with a higher risk of serious adverse events and postoperative complications.

A precursor-valence-gating strategy is developed to controllably synthesize various monocrystalline and polycrystalline transition-metal nanocrystal (M = Co, Ni or Cu) catalysts. The solid-state precursor’s valence—an intrinsic parameter—is found to govern the nucleation rate and ultimately dictate atomic crystallization periodicity, advancing our understanding of precursor-guided crystal growth kinetics.

Zhang, Han, Tan, Lu, Ma et al. report that kynurenine derived from peritumoural adipose tissue is hijacked by cancer cells to mediate ferroptosis resistance, a process that could potentially be targeted with immunotherapy to inhibit tumour growth.

Zheng et al. generate and utilize a biobank of colorectal cancer PDOs to find that high LGR4 is linked to chemoresistance. They develop a monoclonal antibody against LGR4 that activates ferroptosis and is therapeutically beneficial.

Separating the sites where hydrogen activation and addition steps occur can enhance chemoselectivity for hydrogenation reactions on supported metal nanoparticles, but it is challenging. Here the authors report how light irradiation can achieve this for Pd nanoparticles supported on semiconductors such as SrTiO₃ during the semihydrogenation of phenylacetylenes.

Increased glycolysis in pancreatic cancer promotes immune escape by altering the tumor microenvironment. Here, the authors show that lactate-driven histone lactylation via PCAF increases CXCL1 expression, recruiting neutrophils and enabling immunosuppression, and PCAF inhibition improves anti-PD-1 therapy in pancreatic cancer mouse models.

During emergency myelopoiesis in mice, clusters of self-renewing granulocyte/macrophage progenitors (GMP) are transiently formed in the bone marrow cavity to produce a burst of myeloid cells; in leukaemia, GMP clusters persist and constantly generate myeloid leukaemia cells.

In patients with hypopharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (HPSCC), resistance to the standard-of-care induction chemotherapy often occurs. Here, using longitudinal single-cell transcriptomic profiling of HPSCC samples from patients receiving induction chemotherapy, the authors identify a ZNF683-high natural killer (NK) cell population as a predictor of chemotherapy response.

Bistable superlattice switching between two lattice configurations with sharply contrasting periodicities has been observed in monolayer TaIrTe₄, a dual quantum spin Hall insulator.

Fang and colleagues report the safety and clinical activity of hypoxia-responsive carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA)-targeted chimeric antigen receptor T cells in CEA-positive solid tumors through intraperitoneal or intravenous infusion in a phase 1 trial.

Methods for asymmetric alkyl–alkyl bond formation between sp³-hybridized carbon atoms, C(sp³)–C(sp³), are limited yet highly desirable. Now an approach for asymmetric alkyl–alkyl bond formation by Ni-catalysed cross-coupling between alkenes has been developed to construct tertiary stereogenic carbon centres with head-to-tail regioselectivity and excellent chemo- and enantioselectivity.

Gadolinium-neutron capture therapy (Gd-NCT) in glioblastoma shows promise but is limited by toxicity and short-half life in the brain. Here, the authors present a magnetised stem cell-nanoparticle system to facilitate brain penetrance of Gd-NCT and demonstrate its utility in an orthotopic rat glioblastoma model.

In a case series of five patients with treatment-refractory antisynthetase syndrome and five patients with treatment-refractory systemic sclerosis, bispecific T cell engagers blinatumomab and teclistamab improved disease activity and were well tolerated.

cellSTAAR advances noncoding rare variant association analysis by integrating single-cell genomics data.

Newly emerging SARS-CoV-2 variants underscore the need for broad-spectrum antiviral solutions. This study shows a macrocyclic peptide inhibitor that locks the SARS-CoV-2 spike trimer into a “closed” conformation by engaging a conserved region, and demonstrates that intranasal administration of the peptide inhibitor protects against Omicron variants.