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Interleukin-1 receptor-associated kinase 2 (IRAK2) is essential for Myddosome complex formation downstream of most Toll-like receptors. Here, the authors show a loss-of-function copy number variant of IRAK2 associated with immunodeficiency, autoimmunity, and autoinflammation, which disrupts IRAK2 interaction with IRAK4 and further downstream Myddosome formation, accompanied by enhanced interferon responses.

This research reveals that platelet infiltration initiated by the platelet HuR-PSPF regulatory process coordinates systemic aging. Targeting platelet HuR may be a promising strategy for anti-aging interventions

Returned farside lunar anorthosites have compositions similar to nearside counterparts and show a 4.41-Ga zircon age, indicating globally comparable magma ocean solidification and constraining the crustal dichotomy to post-magma-ocean reworking.

Genetic analyses in more than 15,000 individuals from across the Americas, including individuals with autism and family members, define the genetic landscape of autism in Latin American populations and identify significant overlap with other ancestries.

ADAR1, an RNA-editing enzyme, can contribute to immunotherapy resistance by suppressing interferon signaling. This study shows that all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) promotes ADAR1 degradation, supporting ATRA combined with PD-L1 blockade as a potential therapeutic strategy.

Tsai and colleagues propose that BET inhibitors can blunt T cell exhaustion via a pathway involving ornithine decarboxylase-dependent polyamine biosynthesis.

The Taiwan Precision Medicine Initiative (TPMI) has built a cohort of more than half a million individuals with Han Chinese ancestry, providing a rich resource of genetic and medical data for this group.

The Taiwan Precision Medicine Initiative recruited and genotyped more than half a million Taiwanese participants, almost all of Han Chinese ancestry, and performed comprehensive genomic analyses and developed polygenic risk score prediction models for numerous health conditions.

Previous studies of vortex Majorana zero modes (MZMs) in iron-based superconductors have predominantly considered the case where magnetic field is parallel to the Dirac axis. Here, the authors focus on vortices oriented perpendicular to the Dirac axis, finding that such vortices are more favorable for observing vortex MZMs.

The authors report associations of social isolations and loneliness with neurological disorders, psychiatric disorders, brain structures and behavioral phenotypes among UK Biobank participants.

Researchers develop a swellable polymer platform that immobilizes photocatalysts into flexible films and enables three-dimensional stacking architectures, boosting solar-driven hydrogen production and increasing energy output per unit area.

Poly(A) tails are critical to gene regulation, yet their organism-wide patterns remain unmapped. Here, the authors provide an 18-organ mouse atlas, revealing that poly(A) dynamics is fundamentally orthogonal to mRNA abundance.

The authors report that Ta-doped PbTiO₃ films with a p-i-n structure can generate a high photovoltaic current, offering the opportunity to advanced optoelectronic and imaging devices.

A mesoscopic fluorescence imaging platform incorporating a double-helix phase mask enables realtime 3D mapping of cerebrovascular networks and blood flow dynamics in the living mouse brain under healthy conditions and in glioma.

High blood pressure is regulated by natriuretic peptide signaling through the GC-A receptor. Here, authors show that antibodies can activate GC-A, and that XX16 locks an active state without hormone and lowers blood pressure in obese mice.

Fu et al. develop CineMA, a foundation model pre-trained on 15 million cine cardiac MRI images. CineMA performs competitively in segmentation, disease detection, landmark localisation and prognostication across eight independent datasets, offering a versatile alternative to task-specific models.

Here the authors reveal a study of 486,956 Han Chinese individuals showing that most people with genetic variants affecting drug response do not have the predicted adverse events, highlighting the challenges of implementing pharmacogenetics in clinical practice.

Treatment failure exists in Induction chemotherapy followed by concurrent chemoradiotherapy (CCRT) for locoregionally advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma (LA-NPC) patients. Here this group reports a phase 2 randomized trial evaluating the efficacy and safety of adding nimotuzumab, to CCRT on 246 patients with untreated, non-keratinising, stage II–IVA LA-NPC.

A hierarchically integrated 1D@3D covalent organic framework heterostructure is constructed via a one-pot synthesis, leading to the formation of an S-scheme heterojunction with a built-in electric field. The heterostructure has a photocatalytic H₂ evolution rate of 45.7 mmol g⁻¹ h⁻¹, outperforming both of the constituent single-component COFs.

A cross-organ, multi-omics U-shaped relationship between sleep duration and biological ageing clocks highlights the potential of sleep optimization to promote healthy ageing, lower disease risk and extend longevity.

Endothelial cells (ECs) and bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) support hematopoiesis and hematopoietic regeneration. Whether ECs are a source of BMSCs remains unclear. Here, using lineage tracing models the authors show that ECs are not a source of BMSCs during homeostasis and regeneration.

The DAMPE satellite observed a universal charge-dependent spectral softening in primary cosmic rays, and ruled out mass-dependent softening with >99.999% confidence.

Impaired social functioning is a core feature of autism spectrum disorders. This systematic review and meta-analysis synthesizes the evidence for this across studies published between 1990 and 2025.

Selective C–F functionalization of polyfluoroarenes remains a considerable challenge, particularly for controlled and sequential substitution. Now it has been shown that reactivity-tunable pyridine-boryl radicals enable sequential and versatile C–F transformations through a link-and-lose pathway, allowing hydro- and deuterodefluorination, defluorinative arylation and alkylation with spectroscopic observation of key radical intermediates.

After being internalized by cells, nanoparticles can, in rare events, acquire a biomolecular condensate corona. These complexes can reach the extracellular space, where they can deliver their acquired proteins and RNA content to other cells.

Transport of charges has been widely studied in two-dimensional moiré materials. However, charge-neutral collective excitations are difficult to access, especially when they are decoupled from charged quasiparticles. Now they are observed in a moiré homobilayer.

Zheng et al. generate and utilize a biobank of colorectal cancer PDOs to find that high LGR4 is linked to chemoresistance. They develop a monoclonal antibody against LGR4 that activates ferroptosis and is therapeutically beneficial.

Here the authors report a chiral hypervalent iodine(III)-catalyzed skeletal editing of pyrimidine moieties within polynitrogen heterocycles, efficiently producing optically pure multi-substituted imidazoline rings.

During emergency myelopoiesis in mice, clusters of self-renewing granulocyte/macrophage progenitors (GMP) are transiently formed in the bone marrow cavity to produce a burst of myeloid cells; in leukaemia, GMP clusters persist and constantly generate myeloid leukaemia cells.

The microbiota influences the cytotoxicity of chemotherapy in patients with colorectal cancer but the impact on metastatic relapse is less clear. Here, the authors report that chemotherapy-induced intestinal mucositis induces systemic immune changes via production the microbial metabolite, indole-3-propionic acid (IPA), preventing metastases.

Conventional dendritic cells (cDCs) are essential to generate effective anti-tumor immune responses; however, they are often dysfunctional within the tumor microenvironment. Here the authors report that the impaired function of cDCs in late-stage tumors is associated with a reduction of pentose phosphate pathway (PPP), suggesting strategies to augment PPP as a therapeutic option to increase cDC-mediated anti-tumor response.

Gadolinium-neutron capture therapy (Gd-NCT) in glioblastoma shows promise but is limited by toxicity and short-half life in the brain. Here, the authors present a magnetised stem cell-nanoparticle system to facilitate brain penetrance of Gd-NCT and demonstrate its utility in an orthotopic rat glioblastoma model.

Methods for asymmetric alkyl–alkyl bond formation between sp³-hybridized carbon atoms, C(sp³)–C(sp³), are limited yet highly desirable. Now an approach for asymmetric alkyl–alkyl bond formation by Ni-catalysed cross-coupling between alkenes has been developed to construct tertiary stereogenic carbon centres with head-to-tail regioselectivity and excellent chemo- and enantioselectivity.

Cardiovascular surgery and haemodialysis urgently need durable vascular grafts. Here, authors develop a decellularized polymer skeleton-reinforced biotube as a readily-available vascular graft and demonstrate utility in vivo across multiple large animal preclinical models.

Fabricating coloured radiative cooling coatings that are easy to produce and do not compromise cooling performance is challenging. Ying Liu et al. develop a one-step fabrication method that yields coloured ethyl cellulose coatings while preserving high solar reflectance.