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Here the authors report a phase 3 clinical trial showing that Ecnoglutide, designed as a cAMP-biased GLP-1R agonist, improved glycaemic control versus placebo in adults with type 2 diabetes inadequately controlled with diet and exercise alone or with a single oral hypoglycaemic agent.

Commonly used opioids for pain management primarily target the mu opioid receptor. However, mu opioid receptor agonists often come with harmful side effects. Here, the authors report the results of two phase 3 trials of HSK21542 (anrikefon), a highly selective activator of peripheral kappa opioid receptor agonists, for postoperative pain treatment following abdominal surgery.

Differentiating DCs express ALDH1A2, which produces retinoic acid and suppresses DC activity. Blocking this pathway with a new inhibitor, KyA33, enhances immune responses and boosts the effectiveness of DC cancer vaccines in mouse models.

Climate patterns in the Pacific Ocean, such as El Niño, are known to significantly affect marine life. This study suggests that, contrary to expectations, El Niño can actually increase ocean biomass in the western tropical Pacific, a finding that is crucial for improving predictions of how fisheries may respond to future climate change.

Intestinal aging is associated with declines in structure and absorption of nutrients. Here, the authors show that aging related intestinal decline is mediated by activation of the mTORC1-p38MAPK-p53 pathway in intestinal stem cells and can be ameliorated by abrogating mTORC1 or p38MAPK activity.

Electrical doping and charge transfer in 2D antiferromagnet CrSBr reversibly switch its magnetic state, enabling gate-tunable spin valves and ultralow-power spin control without ferromagnetic contacts, advancing fully electrical 2D spintronics.

GgeAgo protein from a thermophilic organism utilizes 5’ phosphorylated DNA guides to cleave both ssDNA, dsDNA and RNA, which have been employed in developing an effective DNA and RNA manipulation tool in DNA cloning and nucleic acid detection

Using single-cell and spatial molecular profiling of infarcted mouse and human hearts, Li, Ni, Wang and colleagues identify a subset of cardiac fibroblasts expressing CD248 that plays a critical role in fibroblast–T cell interaction, and show that disrupting this interaction with monoclonal antibodies or anti-CD248 chimeric antigen receptor T cells results in reduced cardiac fibrosis and improved function.

Molecular electronics or spintronics relies on manipulating the electronic transport through microscopic molecule structures. Here the authors demonstrate the selective electron pathway in single-molecule device by magnetic field which enables a tunable anisotropic magnetoresistance up to 93%.

A comprehensive pangenome map of 22 elite tea cultivars unveils genetic variants that influence flavour, leaf colour and bud flush timing, facilitating our understanding of the molecular basis of tea quality and genomics-assisted breeding.

Vascular imaging of upstream branches and obstructed flow is challenging. Here Du and colleagues present an active exploration strategy to explore and reconstruct three-dimensional vascular networks.

A high-quality autopolyploid genome of Saccharum spontaneum accession Np-X and resequencing of 102 accessions provide insights into the recent chromosome reduction and polyploidization in Saccharum.

Profiling low-quantity EV-DNA is challenging. Here the authors present TEMPT, a bisulfite-free method for whole-genome methylation analysis from sub-nanogram EV-DNA, which classified gastric cancer and benign cases.

Mammary gland resident macrophages are known to be crucial components of the mammary stem cell niche. Here, the authors show that CXCR4⁺ macrophages form a niche that regulates the tumor-initiating activity of breast cancer cells and induces early immune evasion through the recruitment of regulatory T cells.

Hu and colleagues present a machine learning-powered NIR-II fluorescent nanosensor that enables real-time, non-invasive monitoring of plant stress by visualising internal signalling, thereby allowing for the identification of different types of stress.

This work presents scEpi²-seq, a method for simultaneous single-cell profiling of DNA methylation and histone modifications, enabling direct investigation of the interplay between these two epigenomic marks.

Radiosensitising agents can enhance radiotherapy and improve outcomes. Here, the authors report on the design of bioinspired Radiosensitising and biocatalytic nanoparticles to increase radiation tiggered cell death and immunogenic response to combat both primary and metastatic tumours.

A direct correlation between the monolayer Pt nanocluster size and the number of interfacial perimeters on Pt/α-MoC_1-x catalysts was established by combining sacrificial CO adsorption per Pt atom, DFT calculations, and CO chemisorption measurements.

Chen, Hu, Zhao, Fang and colleagues show that the ribosomal large subunit protein Rpl12 functions as a conserved ribophagy receptor in multiple organisms.

Magnetic soft robots offer a non-invasive way to deliver bioadhesives to targeted lesion sites to accelerate the healing. Authors present a magnetic multi-layer soft robot that is capable of performing navigated locomotion on biological tissues and on-demand multi-target adhesion at different sites.

CIGS is a high-resolution dataset comprising chemical perturbation-induced 319,045,108 gene expression events.

Protein subunits on the capsids of icosahedral viruses can form patterns with rotational symmetry, which are difficult to recreate in the laboratory. Here the authors report a strategy to construct 3D chiral polyhedra with rotational faces from 2D chiral truxene-based units through dynamic covalent chemistry.

Three-dimensional graphene offers an ideal sheet-to-sheet connectivity of assembled graphenes, but often suffers from poor electrochemical performance. Wang et al. present a sugar-blowing technique to prepare a 3D graphene, which overcomes such problems and shows potential in supercapacitor applications.

Here, the authors use multi-omic data to reveal how genetic and epigenetic variation affects gene expression in two pig breeds. The findings highlight strong tissue-specific regulation and identify genes with allele-specific expression.

Despite being a promising treatment for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), resistance to tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI) present a major obstacle. Here, the authors demonstrate that lipid metabolism reprogramming via URI mediated stearoyl-CoA desaturase 1 upregulation present a targetable driver of sorafenib resistance in HCC.

The authors present a reference genome for Hordeum I-genome species. This work unravels genomic features that drive adaptation to salt and alkali environments and could aid in improving crop resilience.

Catalytic upcycling of polyethylene terephthalate (PET) into high-value oxygenated products is a fascinating process, yet it remains challenging. Here, the authors present a one-step tandem strategy to realize the thermal catalytic oxidation upcycling of PET to terephthalic acid and high-value glycolic acid.