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Protein complexes are the machinery of life, yet mapping their structures across different species is challenging. This study presents an atlas of 1.1million cross-kingdom structures, revealing 181,671 high-confidence complexes that uncover new higher-order structures and evolutionary links.

Hydrogen movement on catalyst surfaces shapes how effectively reactions form useful products. This study shows that subtle surface tuning greatly boosts hydrogen flow and enables highly efficient solar-driven conversion of carbon dioxide to methane.

Long‑range chromosome encounters in cells are hard to quantify. Here, the authors induce artificial contacts in yeast and show that intra‑chromosomal interactions form faster than inter‑chromosomal ones in G1 yeast, driven by condensin‑mediated loop extrusion.

Zinc isotopes in basalts along a 1,100-km transect of the Gakkel Ridge record widespread mantle recycling of surface carbonates via ancient oceanic subduction, explaining the unusually carbon-rich nature of the Arctic asthenosphere.

Near-infrared-II carbon dots offer exceptional deep-tissue penetration for biomedical imaging, but challenges remain in their synthesis and photoluminescence mechanisms. In this work, the authors designed and synthesized a series of carbon dots (CDs-1 to CDs-3) through extension of aniline-based frameworks, achieving tunable emission extending into the NIR-II region, and applied these CDs in deeptissue NIR-II imaging of the hepatobiliary system.

A click-locking strategy inspired by click chemistry is reported that enables automated, high-throughput and industrially scalable synthesis of single-atom catalysts. By combining molecular clicking auxiliaries with robotic platforms, this approach delivers atom-precise catalysts with high activity and stability, as well as kilogram-scale manufacturability across electrocatalytic, photocatalytic and thermocatalytic reactions.

Imaging the immune activation status of tumor-associated neutrophils (TANs) provides insights for improving cancer immunotherapeutic strategy. Here this group reports a ratiometric nanoprobe responding to tumor microenvironment and enabling NIR-IIb quantitative fluorescence imaging of TANs with overexpression of neutrophil elastase.

Measurement-based quantum computing implements quantum algorithms by performing sequences of measurements on special classes of entangled states, such as cluster states. This approach has now been demonstrated on a superconducting quantum processor.

Random access memory has multiple data registers and uses addresses to specify which register should be read or modified. Now a quantum random access memory has been demonstrated that uses quantum addresses to return data in superposition.

The identification of ‘boosters’ that drive gene overexpression directly in a CAR construct provides a simple and scalable strategy for developing effective CAR-NK cell therapies for solid tumours.

Understanding the genetic factors that regulate panicle architecture is important for improving rice yields. In this study, Li et al. demonstrate that the gene PTB1is critical for regulating panicle seed setting rate and pollen tube growth.

The Casimir effect is based on quantum electrodynamical effects between two electrically neutral objects in close proximity. Here Zou et al. observe the Casimir effect between two silicon components on a single micromechanical chip, allowing for an on-chip exploitation of the Casimir force.

H5N1 avian influenza viruses can be highly pathogenic. Here, the authors show that H5N1 infection leads to increased serum levels of angiotensin II in patients and mice, and that administration of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 ameliorates lung injury in infected mice.

Autonomous delivery of exogenous cargo into plant tissues is achieved by a nanocarrier system harnessing amino acid transporters, enabling force-free, species-independent uptake and ultra-low dose drought resistance in crops like soybean and maize.

A matrix-confined molecular layer of compact surface coverage and good conductivity is developed as charge transport substrate to fabricate perovskite solar-cell devices with high efficiencies, which shows application potential for scalable production.

Quantum low-density parity-check error correction codes are anticipated to deliver high performance, but require long-range qubit–qubit interactions. Two of these error correction codes have now been successfully implemented on a superconducting device.

Osteoporosis was revealed to pyroptosis-related inflammation. Here, the authors show multifunctional microsphere can retard osteoporosis by restoring bone homeostasis thorough pyroptosis blockade and hydrogen-mediated modulation of inflammation.

u-Segment3D is a universal framework that translates and enhances 2D instance segmentations to a 3D consensus instance segmentation without training data. It performs well across diverse datasets, including cells with complex morphologies.

Globalized production and the rise of e-commerce have intensified urban freight activity, amplifying environmental impacts and raising equity concerns. This study examines freight-related emissions at the city level across the USA, uncovering two key factors driving disparities in emissions burdens.

Humanity’s Last Exam, a multi-modal benchmark at the frontier of human knowledge, is designed to be an expert-level closed-ended academic benchmark with broad subject coverage.

This study reports a universally cryogenic stripping strategy for transferring laser-induced graphene onto diverse surfaces without modulus limitations. The thickness of typical receiver elastomers can be reduced to 6.7 μm for large-scale electronic skins.

By resonant excitation of an InAs quantum dot embedded in a microcavity, a deterministic single-photon source is demonstrated. Single-photon purity of 0.9795(6), photon indistinguishability of 0.9856(13), and an overall end-to-end efficiency of 0.712(18) are simultaneously obtained.

The CMS Collaboration reports the measurement of the spin, parity, and charge conjugation properties of all-charm tetraquarks, exotic fleeting particles formed in proton–proton collisions at the Large Hadron Collider.

Existing datasets of nitrogen (N) balance in agriculture are often discrepant. Comparing 13 of them regarding five metrics (fertilizer application, manure application, biological N fixation, atmospheric deposition, and N harvested as crop products) over 1961–2015 reveals why. Recommendations for improving N quantification and an N budget benchmark dataset are also proposed.

Vertical transistors based on 2D semiconductors have the potential to reduce the footprint of electronic circuits, but their high-density integration remains challenging. Here, the authors report a vertical lamination approach for realizing high-density MoS₂ vertical sidewall transistors.

The performance of piezochromic framework materials is often limited by pressure induced structural disorder causing photoluminescence quenching through energy dissipation. Here, the authors show host-guests halogen-bonded organic frameworks that enable full visible-spectrum piezochromism modulation with a photoluminescence red-shift during compression.

Active lifestyle has considerable cardiac health benefits, but the metabolic and immunological background need further investigation. Here the authors show that a cardiac macrophage population, characterised by simultaneous pro-inflammatory and reparative properties, accumulate upon exercise, and these cells restore cardiac health upon transfer in a mouse model of sepsis-induced cardiomyopathy.

Quantum information cannot be copied, posing challenges for long-distance communication due to signal losses. Here the quantum relay architecture using a single-photon source enhances the signal-to-noise ratio of quantum information transmission.

The pursuit of methods to rapidly construct of molecular complexity from easy-to-obtain starting materials drives chemical synthesis. Here, the authors report an asymmetric three-component coupling of simple alkanes, alkenes, and aryl halides, using asymmetric paired oxidative and reductive catalysis.

Nucleophilic oxidation in electrosynthesis is hindered by slow dehydrogenation and the competing oxygen evolution reaction (OER). Here an oxyanion-stabilized low-coordinated Ni catalyst suppresses OER and Ni over-oxidation, enabling co-production of H₂ and valuable organic compounds.

Deep-sea sediments are a key sink for molybdenum (Mo). Here it is found that the their isotopic composition is heavier than typical endmembers; refining the global Mo budget, and improving reconstructions of past ocean oxygen levels.

Alcohols are ubiquitous molecules throughout the chemical sciences, making them highly attractive starting materials for creating new C − C bonds. Herein, a method for the photoelectrochemical C − C functionalization of various alcohols was developed.

A reinforcement learning-based virtual reality system, implementing a series of sport sessions with coaching, was as effective as standard physical activity in reducing fat mass in adolescents, with positive effects on cognition.

Developing efficient non-precious catalysts is key to advancing water electrolysis. Here, the authors report a microbial vulcanization strategy that co-dopes cobalt hydroxide with sulfur and organic molecules to optimize O–O coupling and accelerate the electrocatalytic oxygen evolution reaction.

Bellman equation is widely applied in solving dynamic optimization problems. Here, the authors present a memristive Bellman solver reducing the computational complexity and improving energy efficiency for advanced decision-making process.

This study reports graphene–amorphous carbon with interwoven networks, achieving a flexural strength of 203 MPa. Microscopy shows that crack deflection at graphene/amorphous interfaces underlies its superior performance.

Monocytes derived from bone marrow leucocytes are chemically conjugated with a Tau-specific aptamer via bioorthogonal chemistry, enabling systemic delivery across the blood–brain barrier and targeted clearance of extracellular Tau in Alzheimer’s disease mouse models.

Isotropic tissue magnification is integrated with matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry imaging to enable untargeted spatial proteomics at micrometre resolution and with high protein identification rates in multiple tissue types.

The synthesis of vinylboronates and alkylboronates often suffers from step-tedious and poorly stereoselective procedures. Here, the authors report a bench-stable redox-active reagent for the radical difunctionalization of alkenes and alkynes affording fluorine-containing vinylboronates and alkylboronates.

Inhibition of the histone methyltransferase NSD2 and the androgen receptor in preclinical models can reverse lineage plasticity to suppress tumour growth and promote cell death in multiple subtypes of castration-resistant prostate cancer.

High-quality genome sequence of cultivated peanut comprising 2.54 Gb with 20 pseudomolecules and 83,709 protein-coding gene models provides insights into genome evolution and the genetic mechanisms underlying seed size and leaf resistance in peanut.

Ferroelectric RAM is considered a promising candidate on the quest for a universal memory, but the concept is still problem prone. Here, the authors use the ferroelectric photovoltaic effect as a non-destructive read-out method for a new prototype memory, which shows good data retention and fatigue resistance.

Generative artificial intelligence (AI) systems can be optimized using TextGrad, a framework that performs optimization by backpropagating large-language-model-generated feedback; TextGrad enables optimization across diverse tasks, including radiotherapy treatment plans and molecule generation.

Han et al. show that SMARCA5 is required for the sustained expression of genes required for malignancy in pancreatic cells with mutant KRAS. Inhibiting SMARCA5 activity prevents malignant transformation while maintaining pancreatic regeneration.

This work presents a compact spectrometer using acoustic Brillouin scattering on a hybrid chip, achieving a 0.56 nm resolution in a 1 mm waveguide without an optical pump.

Understanding deregulation of biological pathways in cancer can provide insight into disease etiology and potential therapies. Here, as part of the PanCancer Analysis of Whole Genomes (PCAWG) consortium, the authors present pathway and network analysis of 2583 whole cancer genomes from 27 tumour types.

Analyses of 2,658 whole genomes across 38 types of cancer identify the contribution of non-coding point mutations and structural variants to driving cancer.

Analysis of cancer genome sequencing data has enabled the discovery of driver mutations. Here, as part of the ICGC/TCGA Pan-Cancer Analysis of Whole Genomes (PCAWG) Consortium the authors present DriverPower, a software package that identifies coding and non-coding driver mutations within cancer whole genomes via consideration of mutational burden and functional impact evidence.