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Analysis of samples from the asteroid Ryugu provide evidence of late fluid flow in a carbonaceous asteroid, indicating that such bodies may have retained two to three times more water than previously thought.

Renewable-fuelled plant factories (RFPFs) offer great promise for resilient food production. This study presents a multidimensional geospatial analysis to devise RFPF deployment schemes that aim to meet the population’s dietary vegetable demand in China’s 369 city-level regions.

Heusler compounds have been predicted to host topological order with other emergent properties, which yet awaits for experimental evidence. Here, Liu et al. report a direct observation of topological surface states on half-Heusler compounds LnPtBi.

The properties of magnetic, crystalline solids can be described in terms of quantum particles of spin-wave and lattice-vibration energy, known as magnons and phonons respectively. Here, the authors show that strong magnon-phonon coupling in a noncollinear antiferromagnet can create magnetoelastic excitations.

Targeted radionuclide therapy (TRT) is a therapeutic modality that combines the strengths of radiotherapy and systemic molecularly targeted therapy. Over the past few years, new TRT agents have been developed against an expanding array of molecular targets, particularly in cancers with limited treatment options. The authors of this Review discuss these advances, focusing on what constitutes an optimal target and discussing lessons learned from past experience in order to broaden the scope of TRT.

The authors develop a low carbon cement-based material which exhibits hierarchical structure with low density (0.75 g cm⁻³), high specific compressive strength (344 (kN m⁻²)/(kg m⁻³)) and fracture toughness (4865 kJ m⁻³).

Model thiophene-decorated nickel porphyrins are synthesized to examine how sulfur promotes CO₂-to-CO conversion and tandem CO₂-to-C₂ product conversion in electrocatalytic CO₂ reduction. Combined theoretical and experimental analyses show that thiophene substituents generate a ligand hole character that modulates the nickel-centred electronic structure, enhancing overall catalytic performance.

Zhu, Fu, Zhu, Li and colleagues found that the key DNA repair enzyme poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase 1 promotes transcriptional restart after DNA damage through PARylating and stabilizing AFF1 by preventing its ubiquitylation by the E3 ligase Siah1.

Near-infrared mechanoluminescence can be used in biostress imaging, but is subject to limitations in terms of the pre-irradiation process and low intensity. Here, the authors have circumvented these limitations by constructing an MgO/MgF₂:Cr³⁺ heterojunction piezo-photonics system.

High-resolution ALMA observations reveal a gravitationally bound septuple protostar system in NGC 6334IN, formed through disk fragmentation. This discovery sheds light on the formation of extreme high-order multiplicity in massive stellar clusters.

β-cell dysfunction and dedifferentiation towards an α-cell-like phenotype are hallmarks of type 2 diabetes. Her,e the authors detect five α-cell subpopulations, find differences between healthy and diabetic donors, and identify SMOC1 as an inducer of human β-cell dysfunction and dedifferentiation.

The SARS-CoV-2 Nucleocapsid (N) protein serves multiple roles in the viral lifecycle. Phosphorylation toggles N between these roles by altering N’s conformation, its material properties when phase separated with RNA, and its membrane interactions.

This study presents a flexible AI-based method for compressing microscopy images, achieving high compression while preserving details critical for analysis, with support for task-specific optimization and arbitrary-resolution decompression.

Glioblastoma—the deadliest form of brain cancer—alters the calvarial bone and its marrow components, pushing it toward producing more myeloid cells and contributing to an immunosuppressive environment.

Tau aggregation, a hallmark of Alzheimer’s disease, disrupts neuron structure. Aging weakens chaperone defenses like Hsp90. This study designs β-Hsp90, a small peptide mimicking Hsp90, to prevent Tau aggregation, offering promise for new amyloid disease drugs.

A study of several longitudinal birth cohorts and cross-sectional cohorts finds only moderate overlap in genetic variants between autism that is diagnosed earlier and that diagnosed later, so they may represent aetiologically different conditions.

This study reveals that over half of China’s steel units lack sufficient renewable energy for hydrogen-based direct reduced iron technology. Aggressive deployment would increase carbon emissions, economic costs, and water usage in the steel sector.

Sandén et al. report that the ligand signaling lymphocyte activation molecule family member 6 protects acute myeloid leukemia cancer cells from T cell-mediated killing, leading to immune escape, and show that this can be targeted by a blocking antibody.

Polyamide reverse osmosis membranes are widely used for desalination and wastewater treatment, though it is challenging to remove toxic micropollutants. Here the authors use a thermal-intensified interfacial polymerization method affording a membrane removing micropollutants.

Wheat powdery mildew resistance is typically controlled by single-gene-encoded resistance protein. Here, the authors report the cloning of powdery mildew resistance locus PmWR183 and show that it encodes two adjacent nucleotide-binding leucine-rich repeat proteins originated from wild emmer wheat.

Infant KMT2A-rearranged acute lymphoblastic leukemia is associated with poor overall survival rates. Here, the authors use WGS and WES of 36 relapsed KMT2A-rearranged ALL and AML patients and find alterations in drug response genes in ALL, which may correspond with relapse time. Longitudinal analyses of >250 samples could track residual leukemia cells, clonal drug responses, and the upcoming relapse.

The antibiotic polymyxin B requires bacterial metabolic activity to cause sufficient damage to the outer membrane to access the inner membrane, which it permeabilizes via an energy-independent mechanism to kill the cell.

Issa et al. show that the ciliary small guanosine triphosphatase Arl3 displaces the inhibitory regulator Shulin/DNAAF9 from the outer dynein arm, leading to motor activation.

Enhanced polyamine depletion in neuroblastoma models decreases translation of mRNA codons with adenosine in the third position, reprogramming the tumour proteome away from cell cycle progression and towards differentiation.

Human decision confidence displays a number of biases and has been shown to dissociate from decision accuracy. Here, by using neural network and Bayesian models, the authors show that these effects can be explained by the statistics of sensory inputs.

The function of serotonin receptors and the neuroimmune relationship in psoriasis is not fully understood. Here, the authors find HTR2A antagonistic drugs worsened psoriasis outcomes in a study population, and that HTR2A modulation reduced psoriasis severity in imiquimod mouse models and that this involved HTR2A-expressing monocyte-derived Langerhans cells.

Analysis combining multiple global tree databases reveals that whether a location is invaded by non-native tree species depends on anthropogenic factors, but the severity of the invasion depends on the native species diversity.

Anthropogenic habitat modification is considered a driver of non-native species establishment. Here, the authors quantify the occurrence of non-native species in local assemblages of vascular plants, ants, spiders, birds and mammals, finding generally greater presence and frequency under disturbed land-use types.

Here authors report that mutations in the neurodevelopmental risk gene ZMYND11 disrupt human cortical neuron development by altering chromatin regulation and RNA splicing.

Surprisingly consistent replication failure of gray matter correlates of childhood maltreatment raises questions about publication bias in prior literature and about prevailing models linking maltreatment to brain structure in adult populations.

Drivers of spatial differences in leaf phenology are not as widely studied as temporal differences. Here the authors show that the spatial variation of leaf unfolding in 8 deciduous tree species in Europe can be explained by local adaptation to long-term mean climate conditions.

In a post-hoc analysis of circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) features from patients with metastatic prostate cancer treated with [¹⁷⁷Lu]Lu–PSMA-617 or cabazitaxel in the randomized phase 2 TheraP trial, low ctDNA levels at baseline were predictive of clinical benefit from [¹⁷⁷Lu]Lu–PSMA-617, and PTEN or ATM alterations were identified as potential biomarkers of response.

The clinical-grade synthesis of lutetium-177-labeled radiopharmaceuticals can be adapted for the scalable production of batches of diagnostic and therapeutic probes for clinical use.

Reliable measuring the voltage dynamics of individual neurons in the intact brain is significantly challenging. Here authors developed an all-optical method combining two-photon voltage imaging and optogenetics to measure and induce synaptic plasticity in vivo, revealing LTP of inhibition in cerebellar circuits and providing a blueprint to link synaptic changes to learning.

For fertilization, sperm migrate through the utero-tubal junction (UTJ) and bind to the zona pellucida (ZP). Here the authors identify sperm expressed GALNTL5 as a GalNAc binding factor required for migration though the UTJ and attachment to the ZP.

Confocal microscopy enables high-resolution, high-plex 3D cyclic immunofluorescence of 30- to 50-µm-thick tissue sections. The approach allows for rich phenotypic assessments of intact cells and intercellular interactions with subcellular resolution.

A Swedish study examined whether the risks of maternal and paternal suicide attempt differ during and after pregnancy and found a reversed sex difference in risk of suicide attempt during and after pregnancy compared with the general population.

Genome-wide association meta-analyses of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder symptom measures and clinical diagnoses identify new risk loci, highlight putative effector genes and yield improved polygenic risk scores.

N-type sulfides are attractive solar-to-hydrogen photocatalysts but have faced challenges with overall water splitting. Here, the authors report that tailored surfaces and cocatalysts enable sulfides to achieve efficient, stable, and safe production of separate streams of stoichiometric hydrogen and oxygen.

By using proximity labeling, this study uncovers EFCAB5 as a sperm-specific protein associated with CFAP91 in sperm tails, revealing its crucial role in regulating sperm motility and offering insights into the molecular basis of male infertility.