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In this clinical trial, the authors demonstrate that recombinant gE-Fc Fusion Protein Vaccine LZ901 for herpes zoster induces superior cellular immunogenicity and exhibits a better safety profile than HZ/su in adults ≥50 years, supporting its potential as vaccine candidate.

Strongly correlated and topological phases of matter can be often described using the tools of quantum field theory. Here the authors report the thermal Hall effect in the antiferromagnetic skyrmion lattice of MnSc₂S₄, revealing transport features that can be attributed to an emergent SU(3) gauge field.

Adult stem cells often reside in specialized niches that they exit upon injury. Here they show that in Drosophila, after damage the gut-associated trachea produces the PDGF-VEGF-related ligand Pvf1, which acts as a guidance cue directing ISC migration toward injury sites.

Ultracold alkaline-earth fermionic atoms with large number of nuclear spin states possess SU(N) symmetry. That deeply affects their interaction properties, and allows a Fermi gas of these atoms to be cooled quickly to the quantum degenerate regime.

This large-scale cross-ancestry genome-wide association study reveals the genetic architecture of serum urate across ancestries and identifies urate-associated diseases and potential targets of urate-lowering drugs.

The protein tyrosine phosphatase Pez controls intestinal stem cell proliferation in Drosophila by inhibiting the Hippo pathway transcription factor Yorkie. Wang et al. reveal that Pez protein stability is regulated by interactions with the E3 ubiquitin ligase Suppressor of Deltex.

A decade of BGC-Argo and plankton records shows North Pacific heatwaves reshape food webs and trap small particles in midwater, slowing deep-ocean carbon export. Impacts vary by event, underscoring the need for sustained ocean monitoring.

Oral immunotherapy (OIT) clinical trials have helped a subset of participants achieve sustained unresponsiveness (SU) to the cognate allergen. Here the authors analyse immune cells from participants from one peanut OIT trial and show that CD8⁺ T cell differentiation status at baseline may help to predict the likelihood of achieving SU.

Functional, tumour-promoting GABAergic neuron-to-glioma synapses in diffuse midline gliomas are identified.

Miniaturizing mechanical machines is crucial for advancing nanotechnology. Here, authors present microscopic gear trains and micromachines powered by light-driven metasurfaces, achieving precise sub-micrometer control and sizes down to 10 μm. Their on-chip fabrication enables seamless integration and parallelization, offering new possibilities for micro- and nanoscale systems

Skin prick testing for allergy diagnosis is limited by variability due to differences in test setting and operator expertise. Here, the authors develop and validate an AI-assisted readout method for reading allergy skin test results, and find that integrating AI enhances standardization throughout the skin prick testing process.

The authors identify two coexisting incommensurate charge density waves whose interplay leads to joint commensuration and a long-period moiré structure.

DNA damage from chemotherapy can activate cGAS–STING and interferon pathways. Here, the authors show that cGAS–STING signaling is specific to DNA rich in CA repeats, whereas DNA not rich in CA repeats is detected by AIM2, resulting in opposing tumor immune responses.

Anti-TSLP biologics have shown promise for the clinical treatment of type 2 respiratory disease. Here the authors present a clinical trial of CM326, a monoclonal antibody against TSLP, and show the clinical effects in patients with eosinophilic chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (ECRSwNP), who present with type 2-dominant inflammation.

Reverse osmosis (RO) membranes are widely used for seawater desalination. Here the authors apply plasmonic nanoheating integrated interfacial polymerization to create RO membranes that can remove a wide spectrum of contaminants in water in addition to efficient desalination.

The location of EGFR exon 20 loop insertions (EGFRex20ins) has been shown to alter sensitivity to lung cancer therapy. Here, the authors report the results of the ZENITH20 clinical trial investigating poziotinib (EGFR TKI) in lung cancer patients and, combining with a similar trial, investigate how structural differences due to location of EGGFRex20ins alters sensitivity to EGFR TKI.

RNA targeting by the Sulfuricurvum type V single-effector nuclease SuCas12a2 drives abortive infection through non-specific cleavage of double-stranded DNA—after recognition of an RNA target through an activating protospacer-flanking sequence, SuCas12a2 efficiently degrades ssRNA, ssDNA and dsDNA.

In glioma, malignant synapses hijack mechanisms of synaptic plasticity to increase glutamate-dependent currents in tumour cells and the formation of neuron–glioma synapses, thereby promoting tumour proliferation and progression.

Jia et al. experimentally show that when individuals can tailor their actions to each neighbour—a freedom termed social networking agency—they display higher levels of cooperation, trust and fairness in economic games.

It is challenging to treat emerging organic contaminants such as pharmaceutical compounds. Using the proposed plant-based zirconium–ellagate framework, this study demonstrates high removal efficiencies of emerging organic contaminants from real untampered municipal wastewater treatment plant effluent.

Artificial gauge fields unlock additional degrees of freedom to manipulating light in structured photonic systems. This Review strives to unify topological, non-Abelian and non-Hermitian photonics using the concept of gauge fields.

In Drosophila, long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are expressed most highly in male germline cells. Here the authors report the subcellular distributions of approximately 600 Drosophila lncRNAs in male reproductive tissues, indicating potential involvement in spermatogenesis, fertility and evolution.

Metal–support interfaces play a crucial role in dictating the catalytic behavior of heterogeneous systems. Here, the authors reveal a unique looping metal–support interaction in NiFe–Fe₃O₄ catalysts, where spatially separated yet coupled redox cycles boost hydrogen oxidation, providing new insights for the design of efficient heterogeneous catalysts.

This study reports age-dependent negative correlations between temporal changes in maximal leaf area index and growing season length, indicating contrasting leaf acclimation strategies driving vegetation greening in young versus old deciduous broadleaf forests.

A Mott insulator forms when strong interactions between particles cause them to become localized. A cold atom simulator has now been used to realize a selective Mott insulator in which atoms are localized or propagating depending on their spin state.

The products and dynamics in mutual neutralisation of \({{{{\rm{O}}}}_{2}}^{+}\) with O⁻ occurring in atmospheric sprites are unknown. Here, the authors reveal a dissociative two-step mechanism via intermediate Rydberg states and a dependence on the \({{{{\rm{O}}}}_{2}}^{+}\) vibrational state.

A new class of moiré materials based on monolayers with triangular lattices and low-energy states at the M points of the Brillouin zone is introduced, demonstrating emergent momentum-space non-symmorphic symmetries, a kagome plane-wave lattice structure, and potential quasi-one-dimensionality.

Electrification is a promising way to decarbonize the chemical industry but could also have important effects on power systems. Here the authors assess the impact of electrifying the production of methanol and ammonia on the Chinese power system in terms of emissions and potential security risks.

Zhao et al. used single-cell and spatial multiomics data analysis of human and mouse lung adenocarcinoma tumors and cell lines to reveal TP53 mutation-associated changes in cancer cells and their microenvironment.

Childbirth prompts a vaginal inflammatory response and loss of Lactobacillus dominance. This disturbance, the authors show, reverberates deep into the first postpartum year, with evidence of recovery in only 49% of women by year’s end.

Integrating microneedle patches with insulin sensors enables continuous tracking of insulin levels in the interstitial fluid of diabetic rat models.

A tunable magnetic nanochains platform (EVGpro) enables tandem enrichment, proteomic, and N-glycoproteomic analysis of extracellular vesicles from ultratrace biofluids. EVGpro identifies N-glycoprotein signatures and two asthenozoospermia subtypes.

iSCALE leverages histology and spatial transcriptomics to infer gene expression at super resolution in large tissues.

MYC amplification is an independent prognostic factor for the most aggressive subgroup (Group 3) of pediatric medulloblastoma (G3 MB). Here, the authors highlight the role of the RNA-binding protein, Musashi-1 (MSI1) in G3 MB and identify MSI1-bound targets sharing MYC associated pathways.

Here the authors reveal a study of 486,956 Han Chinese individuals showing that most people with genetic variants affecting drug response do not have the predicted adverse events, highlighting the challenges of implementing pharmacogenetics in clinical practice.

The insertion of thin layers of cobalt can stabilize β-tungsten under back-end-of-line thermal constraints, allowing a 64-kb spin–orbit torque magnetic random-access memory to be fabricated that offers a spin–orbit torque switching of 1 ns, data retention of more than 10 years and a tunnelling magnetoresistance of 146%.

Electrolyte design is key for high-energy lithium metal batteries, but structure–performance links are hard to predict. A framework using the normalized cation/anion–solvent affinity enables quantitative prediction of microstructure, transport and interphase, driving exceptional performance.