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The Taiwan Precision Medicine Initiative recruited and genotyped more than half a million Taiwanese participants, almost all of Han Chinese ancestry, and performed comprehensive genomic analyses and developed polygenic risk score prediction models for numerous health conditions.

The lunar basalts sampled by the Chang’e-5 mission originated from melting of a clinopyroxene-rich mantle source enhanced in radioactive elements, potentially explaining this late lunar volcanism, according to sample analysis and crystallization modelling.

Thermal stability remains a key challenge for organic photovoltaics. Qin et al. now propose a strategy that stabilizes multiple components of the devices, enhancing their resilience under damp heat and thermal cycling conditions.

Isotopic analysis of basalt clasts returned from the Moon by the Chang’e-5 mission indicates that the rocks were derived from a mantle source that lacked potassium, rare-earth elements and phosphorus.

Somatic small variants in cancer genomes are identified in both short-read and long-read data.

Enfortumab vedotin (EV) is the current standard treatment for advanced bladder cancer, but resistance typically develops within a year, highlighting the need for new therapies. This study demonstrates that NECTIN4-targeting CAR T cells are effective against bladder cancer, including EV-resistant cells, and their potency can be further enhanced by using rosiglitazone to boost NECTIN4 expression.

This study reports that the gene SMPED1, located in a previously identified dichogamy-determining region in Alpinia species, controls the timing of sex-organ synchrony, improving our understanding of the evolutionary mechanisms of plant sexual diversity.

It is important to know how the recent COVID-19 pandemic shaped the immune memory against the causal SARS-CoV-2 virus. Here authors show that long years following mild disease at primary infection, SARSCoV-2 spike-specific CD4 + T cells with distinct phenotypes and T cell receptor clonotypes, associated with viral suppression persist.

Here the authors reveal a study of 486,956 Han Chinese individuals showing that most people with genetic variants affecting drug response do not have the predicted adverse events, highlighting the challenges of implementing pharmacogenetics in clinical practice.

K11/K48 branched ubiquitin chains regulate protein degradation and cell cycle progression. Here, the authors report the structural basis of how such a branched ubiquitin chain is recognized by the human 26S proteasome, revealing a multivalent binding mode that underlies selective recognition.

The use of antimicrobial agents can exacerbate the proliferation of antimicrobial resistance genes, which can put public health at risk; evaluating this risk requires proper monitoring. An extensive investigation of Australian wastewater reveals a distinct correlation between the type of antimicrobial used and the socioeconomic status of the population.

The interactions of CAR-T cells and solid tumors are modeled on a chip.

Authors identify and characterize 16 endo−1,3-fucanases within the GH168 family sequence space, unveiling a recognition mechanism for sulfate polysaccharides. These findings can promote the application of endo−1,3-fucanases for the development of sulfated fucans.

This study quantitatively identifies contaminant loss as the dominant limitation for silica microcavity Q factors. Through laser polishing and thermal annealing, a record-high Q of 8.28 × 10⁹ is achieved, enabling fully stabilized soliton microcombs with >60.6 dB repetition-rate phase-noise suppression.

Psoriasis is a complex inflammatory disease of the skin and mouse models may not reproduce the human disease. Here the authors show that UEB2L3 is involved in human psoriasis and that a mouse model deficient in Ube2l3 recapitulates major features of the human disease involving CXCL16 and CD8 or γδ T cells secreting IL-17 to exacerbate skin inflammation.

A synthesis method mediated by laser-induced plasmon is developed to prepare subnanoscale high-entropy alloys, and a few such alloys display high stability for water splitting in proton exchange membrane electrolysers, operating at 2 A cm⁻² for over 1,200 h.

Typical quantum error correcting codes assign fixed roles to the underlying physical qubits. Now the performance benefits of alternative, dynamic error correction schemes have been demonstrated on a superconducting quantum processor.

Pt/CeO₂ ensemble catalysts show great potential for hydrocarbon oxidation, but the nature of active sites and interfacial evolution during reaction has been debated. Here, the authors demonstrate metallic Pt ensembles serve as the true active sites for C₃H₆ oxidation, and confirm dynamic nature of oxygen activation with the threshold temperature around 170 °C.

High-resolution ALMA observations reveal a gravitationally bound septuple protostar system in NGC 6334IN, formed through disk fragmentation. This discovery sheds light on the formation of extreme high-order multiplicity in massive stellar clusters.

Doxycycline post-exposure prophylaxis is recommended in the United States for populations at risk of bacterial sexually transmitted infections, but there is concern about development of antimicrobial resistance. Here, the authors use insurance claims data to estimate the potential impacts of the policy on antimicrobial consumption.

Thermal lepton pairs are ideal probes for the temperature of quark-gluon plasma. Here, the STAR Collaboration uses thermal electron-positron pair production to measure quark-gluon plasma average temperature at different stages of the evolution.

Neutralising antibody levels are an important correlate of protection for pre-exposure prophylaxis against COVID-19, but it can be difficult to account for immune evasion of emerging virus variants. Here the authors present a variant-adjusted threshold of protection model, developed and validated with data from two clinical trials, which can be used to infer efficacy against any SARS-CoV-2 variant.

This study presents ECloudGen, which uses latent diffusion to generate electron clouds from protein pockets and decodes them into molecules. The adopted two-stage training expands the chemical space accessible to generative drug design.

By carefully dispersing small amounts of Ir into the RuO₂ lattice, a Ru₆IrOₓ catalyst reduces Ir usage by 80% while still running stably for over 1,500 h at 2 A cm⁻² in both laboratory- and industrial-scale proton-exchange membrane water electrolysers.

G2E3-catalysed H3K14 mono-ubiquitination is crucial for SUV39H compartmentalization and H3K9 trimethylation in pericentromeric heterochromatin, which is essential for proper euchromatin organization and transcriptional regulation in mammalian cells.

Dihydrouridine (D) is an abundant RNA modification but its functions are currently unclear. Here, authors develop CRACI, a sensitive method for transcriptome-wide, single-base D mapping, identifying sites across mammalian and plant transcriptomes and identifying DUS2L as a mitochondrial D writer.

Park et al. find that emotionally arousing moments during a narrative are associated with heightened integration across functional brain networks, which in turn predicts how well those moments are subsequently remembered.

Control of liquid-based materials is important for developing materials based on these, but topological flexibility is limited. Here, the authors report a method for digital fabrication of slippery objects with solid-liquid composite interfaces and geometric design freedom.

Monocytes derived from bone marrow leucocytes are chemically conjugated with a Tau-specific aptamer via bioorthogonal chemistry, enabling systemic delivery across the blood–brain barrier and targeted clearance of extracellular Tau in Alzheimer’s disease mouse models.

This study provides a cellular atlas of A. annua glandular trichomes using single-nucleus and spatial transcriptomics. It defines three developmental states and identifies hundreds of hub genes for trichome morphogenesis and artemisinin synthesis.

By hierarchically assembling single-atom catalysts within the nanopores of ceramic membranes, this cross-scale strategy achieves rapid pollutant removal and exceptional permeability, providing a highly effective platform for advanced wastewater treatment.

The location of EGFR exon 20 loop insertions (EGFRex20ins) has been shown to alter sensitivity to lung cancer therapy. Here, the authors report the results of the ZENITH20 clinical trial investigating poziotinib (EGFR TKI) in lung cancer patients and, combining with a similar trial, investigate how structural differences due to location of EGGFRex20ins alters sensitivity to EGFR TKI.

Here authors report that mutations in the neurodevelopmental risk gene ZMYND11 disrupt human cortical neuron development by altering chromatin regulation and RNA splicing.

Telomere shortening marks cellular aging and links to heart disease. Here, the authors show shared genetic loci between leukocyte telomere length and coronary artery disease, highlighting genes such as SH2B3 and pathways involved in DNA biosynthesis and telomere maintenance.

The authors integrate single-cell transcriptomic data with prior gene graphs to produce a biologically meaningful cell state manifold that can predict driver genes for genetic perturbations and differentiation events across diverse cell types.

Long mesocotyl is a critical trait for the application of rice deep direct seeding or mechanized dry seeding cultivation method. Here, Sun et al. find OsGSK2 is selected for mesocotyl length variation during domestication and it coordinates strigolactone and brassinosteroid signaling to determine mesocotyl elongation.

In a phase 1 trial, the co-infusion of CD19-targeting and BCMA-targeting CAR-T cells in adults with treatment-refractory lupus was safe and had promising efficacy, with most patients achieving remission after 3 months.

Here Chang et al. found that two kinesins, HUG1 and HUG2, form a kinesin cage encasing the vegetative nucleus and a distinctive double-layered kinesin microtubule cage around the generative cell, tethering them into a male germ unit and aiding sperm delivery.

Polymeric semiconductors suffer from high exciton binding energy. Here, the authors report a crystal structure engineering strategy for producing poly(triazine imide) with the capability of spontaneous exciton dissociation into free charges, enabling efficient photocatalytic overall water splitting.

Noise-induced synchronization is known in classical systems and has recently been proposed in quantum many-body settings. Here, the authors experimentally demonstrate stable and entangled synchronized oscillations at the ends of a superconducting qubit chain by applying Gaussian noise to a single qubit.

Modulating the microenvironment of the Helmholtz plane, especially the anion transport, is crucial and challenging for CO₂ electrocatalytic systems. Here, the authors report a metal chelate to break diffusion limits and enrich the anions in the Helmholtz plane, promoting ethanol electrosynthesis.

Aqueous zinc-ion batteries suffer from performance-degrading side reactions. Here, authors develop an extended gate field-effect transistor to monitor the real-time changes of pH and dissolved oxygen in the electrolyte during battery operation.

Here the authors show that by using amino acid–modified ice under mild conditions, methane storage exhibited a 30-fold increase in capacity and a 29-fold enhancement in reaction kinetics compared to unmodified ice.

Two bead-based approaches for CRISPR diagnostics increase sensitivity and deployability in resource-constrained settings.

The author demonstrates that laser-driven ultracold Fermi gases can exhibit color-orbit-like coupling with SU(3) symmetry. This leads to color-like oscillations and other quantum-chromodyamics-like phenomena in an atomic physics laboratory.

This work introduces a pedigree-derived benchmark for single-nucleotide variants, indels, structural variants and tandem repeats, offering a variant map to validate sequencing workflows or to support the development and evaluation of new variant callers.

A terahertz twin-comb sensor and an extra-spectrum sensing mechanism are demonstrated, locating characteristic resonance frequency far beyond the system spectral domain. Sensitivities surpass existing terahertz biosensing by four orders of magnitude.