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Wang and colleagues show that an AI-assisted designed peptide obstructs GSDMD pores and inhibits IL-1β and IL-18 release and pyroptosis.

Polygenic scores for body mass index and obesity constructed using data from 5 million people with different ancestries were associated with distinct weight gain trajectories from early childhood to adulthood.

The LHCb experiment at CERN has observed significant asymmetries between the decay rates of the beauty baryon and its CP-conjugated antibaryon, thus demonstrating CP violation in baryon decays.

Qiao et al. report the design and characterization of an optogenetic platform for the dynamic control of protein expression and secretion by engineered bacteria, with implications for cancer therapy.

A microphase crosslinking strategy, leveraging aziridine-based crosslinkers, is used to render organic thermoelectric materials stretchable and elastic.

Sequencing the genome and microbiome of about 1,500 tick samples from regions across China revealed host–microbe associations in ticks that could have implications for controlling ticks and tick-borne diseases.

Understanding brain function requires integrating neuronal structure, activity, and genes. Here, authors developed an optogenetic tool they name Pisces, to enable complete labeling of individual neurons’ morphology with functional and molecular profiling, allowing multimodal single-cell analysis in vivo in zebrafish.

Protein sequences from fossil tooth enamel of a rhinocerotid from Canada’s High Arctic are used to develop phylogenetic frameworks from a specimen too old to preserve ancient DNA.

The mechanisms whereby METH yields strong addiction potential is not fully understood. Here, authors show that METH may impair the function of the endogenous OXT system, particularly the PVN^OXT-NAc core pathway, suggesting OXT-based therapies for METH use disorder (MUD).

A reinforcement learning-based virtual reality system, implementing a series of sport sessions with coaching, was as effective as standard physical activity in reducing fat mass in adolescents, with positive effects on cognition.

Individual boutons on mouse corticostriatal axons exhibit differential selectivity for rewarded and unrewarded movements during motor learning, and the proportion of reward-responsive boutons increases.

Transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) is a common clinical intervention used for unresectable liver tumors, but conventional embolic microspheres generally exhibit slack vascular stacking and suboptimal drug release. Here, Guo et al. report tumor vessel-adaptable, adhesive, and absorbable microspheres (3Asphere) for sustained TACE therapy of liver tumors.

The use of biomarkers of ageing is crucial for investigating age-related processes. This Review discusses biomarkers of ageing and of ageing-associated physiological changes, at the cellular, tissue and organism levels in humans and non-human primates.

The deleterious effects of climate change due to atmospheric CO₂ are being felt around the globe. To mitigate this threat, gas separation membranes possessing high CO₂ permeability and selectivity are required. We report that the morphologies and gas transport properties of dense polymer membranes composed of a midblock-sulfonated block polymer are sensitive to casting solvent and relative humidity. We further establish that submersion of these membranes in liquid water alters the membrane morphology and improves CO₂ permeability and CO₂/N₂ selectivity, with CO₂ permeabilities and CO₂/N₂ selectivities reaching 482 Barrer and 57, respectively. These membranes are therefore promising for CO₂ capture.

While Bell inequalities have been violated several times—mostly in photonic systems—their violations within particle physics experiments are less explored. Here, the BESIII Collaboration showcases Bell-violating nonlocal correlations between entangled hyperon pairs.

The authors present two technologies for spatially resolved, genome-wide, joint profiling of the epigenome and transcriptome by cosequencing chromatin accessibility and gene expression, or histone modifications and gene expression on the same tissue section at near-single-cell resolution.

H₂O₂-dependent haem-peroxygenase-catalysed C–H bond oxyfunctionalization reactions have attracted much attention, but elevated concentrations of H₂O₂ are detrimental to the enzyme. Now, it is reported that this biocatalyst can operate via an alternative pathway using O₂ and small-molecule reductants.

This work demonstrates distinct mass-independent mercury isotope fractionation in global basalts, which suggests mantle Hg isotope heterogeneity and reveals large-scale translithospheric Hg recycling via plate tectonics.

Water scarcity is intensifying in China, India, and the USA, with growth in unsustainable water demand equaling or outpacing that of total water demand. These nations are increasingly relying on water in already stressed regions to meet their needs.

Here Tai et al. unveil elevated formation of the C-terminal binding protein (CtBP)–tripartite-motif-containing protein 28 (TRIM28) complex in breast cancer cells and mutual protection between CtBP and TRIM28. This complex is required for mammary gland development and its high levels lead to breast cancer metastasis by repressing autophagy.

The semileptonic decay channels of the Λc baryon can give important insights into weak interaction, but decay into a neutron, positron and electron neutrino has not been reported so far, due to difficulties in the final products’ identification. Here, the BESIII Collaboration reports its observation in e+e- collision data, exploiting machine-learning-based identification techniques.

A long-period radio transient with coincident radio and X-ray emission and observational properties unlike any known Galactic object has been observed by the Australian Square Kilometre Array Pathfinder.

The direct measurement of the QCD dead cone in charm quark fragmentation is reported, using iterative declustering of jets tagged with a fully reconstructed charmed hadron.

Histone marks regulate chromatin structure and function. Here the authors identify and characterize lysine benzoylation, a histone mark that can be modulated by sodium benzoate, a widely used chemical food preservative, associated with specific regulation of gene expression.

A large genome-wide association study of more than 5 million individuals reveals that 12,111 single-nucleotide polymorphisms account for nearly all the heritability of height attributable to common genetic variants.

The measurement of the total cross-section of proton–proton collisions is of fundamental importance for particle physics. Here, the first measurement of the inelastic cross-section is presented for proton–proton collisions at an energy of 7 teraelectronvolts using the ATLAS detector at the Large Hadron Collider.

Correlations in momentum space between hadrons created by ultrarelativistic proton–proton collisions at the CERN Large Hadron Collider provide insights into the strong interaction, particularly the short-range dynamics of hyperons—baryons that contain strange quarks.

Measurements of the inelastic cross section of anti-³He allow the estimation of the transparency of the Milky Way to the propagation of these light antinuclei produced in either cosmic-ray collisions or annihilation of dark-matter particles.

Polar skyrmions are of interest for nanoelectronics due to their exotic properties. However, so far, these are metastable states requiring a delicate balance of boundary conditions to form in heterostructures. In ferroelectric and antiferroelectric solid solutions, skyrmionic textures are observed to form in both bulk and film.

Herpes simplex encephalitis caused by HSV-1 is a common viral encephalitis with severe symptoms and poor prognosis. Here, the authors developed a new 3D human neurovascular unit (NVU) model in vitro that allows to probe the neuropathogenesis and therapeutics of HSV-1-associated encephalitis.

Aging is associated with increased frailty and disrupted energy homeostasis. Here, the authors show that SIRT6 overexpression extends the lifespan of male and female mice and demonstrate that SIRT6 optimizes energy homeostasis in old age, which delays frailty and preserves healthy aging.

Supramolecular polymers possess features typical of complex systems, but the mechanisms that lead to the emergence of collective properties inside them are often difficult to ascertain. Here the authors show how nontrivial collective behaviors, typical of higher-scale, more complex systems, may emerge in dynamical supramolecular polymer systems already at low-complexity levels, from the internal dynamical diversity characterizing their ensembles.

Necroptosis in cancer cells remains incompletely understood. Here, the authors show that inhibition of FGFR2 could induce necroptosis via crosstalk between the NF2-Hippo-YAP and RIP1-MST1-MLKL pathways and shapes an immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment.

Extracellular vesicles have been exploited as potential therapeutic agents. Here, the authors apply a nanovial technology to select sub-populations of cells that secrete high levels of extracellular vesicles, leading to improved therapeutic efficacy when delivered in vivo.

How RNA polymerase II transcription of tandemly repetitive satellite DNAs is regulated is poorly understood. Here, the authors identify Topoisomerase I as an evolutionary key regulator for satellite DNA transcription under both normal and DNA double-stranded break conditions.

T follicular helper (T_FH) cells are important for the generation of effective antibody responses. Yu and colleagues find that T_FH cells are exceptionally sensitive to death by ferroptosis and that this process is regulated by the activity of the selenoenzyme GPX4.

Time-reversal symmetry breaking has been recently observed in the normal state of kagome superconductors AV₃Sb₅. Here the authors show that this effect is significantly enhanced near the surface of RbV₃Sb₅ and occurs at temperatures higher than the onset of charge order, indicating its tunability under zero-field conditions.

The typically high temperatures (≥500 °C) at which ceramic electrochemical cells operate place constraints on device materials and construction. Here Liu and colleagues design reversible proton-conducting electrochemical cells that can operate with high performance at temperatures of 450 °C and below.

John Chambers and colleagues identify common variants at four loci associated with serum creatinine levels, a marker of kidney function. Their findings provide insight into the pathways underlying susceptibility to chronic kidney disease.