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Pronobis et al. show that Ddx61 localizes to P-bodies and regulates heart muscle proliferation during cardiac regeneration in zebrafish. Ddx61 is required is required to restrain expression of Chordin, a secreted BMP inhibitor that impedes regeneration if present at high levels.

The neural dynamics that optimize coordination of sensorimotor behaviour are not fully understood. Here authors show that the cerebellum receives a copy of the motor commands from the cerebrum during movement preparation, likely to generate motor predictions. During the execution, the cerebellum sends feedback to correct the motor cortical activity.

Exercise promotes recovery after stroke, but the underlying mechanisms are unclear. Here, the authors show that regulatory T cells enable exercise-induced repair by reducing neuronal hyperexcitability via interleukin-10, linking immunity to functional regeneration.

Bodogai et al. identify a unique subset of CD8⁺ T cells expressing CD39 and CD73 that accumulate during aging and are recruited to and actively promote tumor progression by suppressing antitumor CD4⁺ T cells. Targeting their function or recruitment attenuates tumor growth in aged mice.

Yamazoe et al. show that B cell-derived autoantibodies contribute to the development of atrial fibrillation, suggesting that targeting the humoral immune response may represent a viable therapeutic approach.

Treatment of Clostridioides difficile infections (CDI) with vancomycin is associated with high relapse rates. In this study, the experimental glycopeptide antibiotic EVG7 was found to effectively treat CDI without relapse in a murine model of recurrent CDI.

Small cell lung cancer cells form functional synapses with glutamatergic neurons, receiving synaptic transmissions and deriving a proliferative advantage from these interactions.

Saber et al. show that the lipase DDHD2 provides endogenous saturated fatty acids to support fatty acid oxidation and energy production, proteostasis and membrane trafficking balance.

Here, the authors find that BMAL1, best known for controlling the body clock, partners with TRIM28 in naïve pluripotent stem cells to repress retrotransposons.

Haptotaxis was traditionally seen as migration up protein gradients. It is now shown that cells can also oscillate or migrate down the gradient.

Here, the authors identify the microbiota-derived corisin as a driver of diabetic kidney fibrosis via cellular aging and show that targeting corisin with a monoclonal antibody alleviates disease in mice, suggesting a potential therapeutic avenue.

Yücel et al. examine how skin and hair characteristics impact functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) signal quality and provide recommendations for inclusive use of fNIRS.

MrVI, based on deep generative modelling, is a unified framework for integrative, exploratory and comparative analyses of large-scale (multi-sample) single-cell RNA-seq datasets.

Extensive measurements of the emissions of methane, nitrous oxide and ammonia from wastewater treatment facilities in the USA present higher values than are currently stated in national inventories. The results of this analysis show that greenhouse gas and nitrogenous emissions from the wastewater sector are often overlooked and that their impact on climate should be reassessed.

Spatial transcriptomic studies and lineage tracing reveal that, after brain injury, transient profibrotic fibroblasts develop from existing brain fibroblasts, infiltrate lesions, regulate the local immune response and lead to beneficial scar tissue formation.

Here the authors show that Plasmodium falciparum egress products disrupt endothelial barrier and activate JAK-STAT and interferon type response in a 3D blood-brain barrier model. Vascular disruption is reversed by Ruxolitinib, a JAK-STAT inhibitor.

The authors developed a screen to find compounds that modulate intracellular Staphylococcus aureus metabolism and discovered KL1, which sensitizes persisters to antibiotics by reversing host-induced tolerance.

Neoadjuvant immunochemotherapy against NSCLC has been tested in clinical trials. Here, the authors follow up longer-term survival and measure immune cell phenotype changes in a single-arm phase II clinical trial of neoadjuvant immunochemotherapy, indicating association of intratumoural TCR diversity and CD8 T cell positioning.

An analysis of prescription medications shows that several non-antibiotic drugs, such as the heart medication digoxin, can reduce the immune response to pathogens and increase the risk of gastrointestinal infections by altering the composition of the microbiome.

The dorsal peduncular area of the mouse brain functions as a network hub that integrates diverse cortical and thalamic inputs to regulate neuroendocrine and autonomic responses.

Sex bias and association with smoking history identified in the landscape of driver mutations and clonal expansions in normal human bladder tissue may explain the higher bladder cancer risk in men and smokers.

Integrated multi-omic analyses using samples from the TRACERx study highlight cross-talk between DNA hypermethylation and genomic lesions in non-small cell lung cancer.

LRFN2 in cone photoreceptors is vital for building the OFF pathway. Here authors report this cell-adhesion molecule stabilizes contacts with OFF bipolar cells, clusters their ionotropic receptors, and is required for negative-contrast vision and predator-detection behaviors.

The transcription factors TCF1 and LEF1 promote self-renewal and regulatory functions in B-1a cells.

Hegazy and colleagues demonstrate that epithelial oncostatin M receptor expression drives gut inflammation and tumor formation.

A large brain imaging study of over 2000 people worldwide shows that fear conditioning engages brain regions linked to emotion and attention, with differences in individuals with anxiety or depression and strong influences from task design.

The molecular etiology of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy is largely unknown. Here the authors show from a prospective study of diverse pregnancies that the disease can be split into molecular subtypes based on RNA data and validated a classifier for individuals with no preexisting high risk factors.

Engineered polypeptide cleavage in vivo demonstrates that the loss of titin tension induces severe muscle atrophy.

Vega-Gutiérrez et al. present cryo-electron microscopy structures of GluA4-containing AMPA receptors, which are key for brain signaling. They show GluA4-specific conformations and explain how subunit composition shapes receptor architecture, dynamics and function.

Cytoskeletal breakdown is a hallmark of synapse elimination. Here, the authors show that a post-translational modification on microtubules encodes activity-dependent signals instructing neuronal remodeling in the central and peripheral nervous system.

Khetarpal et al. show that the metabolic regulator PGC-1α is essential in heart muscle cells for exercise-driven cardiac growth, and that suppression of the stress-induced myokine GDF15 is required to enable cardiomyocyte adaptations to training.

The authors uncover a mechano-metabolic adaptation where confinement induces rapid mitochondrial relocalization to the nuclear periphery, generating localized nuclear ATP surges that support chromatin remodeling, DNA repair, and cell cycle progression.

Perineural invasion and cancer-induced nerve injury of tumour-associated nerves are associated with poor response to anti-PD-1 therapy, which can be reversed by combining anti-PD-1 therapy with anti-inflammatory interventions.

PARP inhibitor treatment triggers histone release from the chromatin in cancer cells; consequently, targeting the histone chaperone NASP renders cells vulnerable to PARP inhibition.

Here the authors show that DNA translesion synthesis affects primordial germ cell DNA demethylation and plays a role in the development of embryonic germ cells.

Macrophage-augmented organoids integrate macrophages into organoids that are cultured from human liver tissue for analysis of immune responses during three different viral infections.

Cancer evolutionary dynamics are quantitatively inferred using a method, EVOFLUx, applied to fluctuating DNA methylation.

Assessment of PD-1 and PD-L1 expression can be predictive of immunotherapy response in lung cancer. Here the authors assess the clinical toxicity, safety and quality of non-invasive imaging of PD-1 and PD-L1 expression in 13 patients with advanced lung cancer prior to treatment with immunotherapy and show it correlates with response.

In a unique cohort of twins followed from birth to 8 years of age, shotgun sequencing of stool samples reveals that the transmission, persistence and evolutionary adaptation of bacterial strains are structured by early-life diet and weaning.

Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) differentiate into multiple lineages, with such capacity impacted by aging. Here the authors identify Kit^lo HSCs as a functionally distinct population that exhibits distinct lymphoid-primed chromatin landscapes, which drive enhanced lymphoid reconstitution capacity, and is altered in aged hosts.

The authors timestamp the development of amyloid plaques in a mouse model of Alzheimer’s disease in order to examine how plaque age affects the surrounding brain tissue. This includes a growing loss of nearby synapses, an increase in toxicity, and an increase in structural aggregation.

Measuring selection and dominance in fitness of the insecticide-resistant Ace alleles in Drosophila melanogaster, the authors show evidence for beneficial reversal of dominance, a mechanism that can stabilize large-effect polymorphisms in nature.

DNA repair deficiency can cause tissue-specific phenotypes in humans and mice. Here, the authors find that p53 drives different, but tissue-specific responses despite the same defect in DNA repair. p53 drives blood stem cell loss but restrains liver polyploidisation in the absence of Ercc1.

By tracking the activity of CA1 neurons during associative learning, Biane, Ladow et al. reveal the distinct contribution of neurons along the dorsoventral axis of CA1 in the encoding and updating of task-related representations throughout learning.

Existing methods for identifying differential gene expression signatures for clinical case/control analyses with high throughput sequencing data present various challenges. Here, the authors develop BEANIE, a nonparametric statistical method that outperforms existing approaches for simulated and real-world cancer datasets, revealing biologically and clinically relevant insights.

Pyramidal cells are classically thought to comprise the excitatory output of the subiculum. Here, the authors show the existence of “ovoid cells”, excitatory subiculum neurons with specialized gene expression, morphology, projections, and function.

Pathology-oriented multiplexing (PathoPlex) represents a framework for widespread access to multiplexed imaging and computational image analysis of clinical specimens at a relatively high throughput and subcellular resolution.