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Using data from the CoVPN 3008 study, the authors show that the neutralizing antibody correlate of risk holds in people living with HIV. However, the nAb correlate was weaker and shorter-lived in a vaccine-immunity versus hybrid-immunity population.

Genome-wide association meta-analyses of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder symptom measures and clinical diagnoses identify new risk loci, highlight putative effector genes and yield improved polygenic risk scores.

Chronic care manages long-term, progressive conditions, while acute care handles short-term ones. Here, authors show chronic conditions account for most of the global health burden, with 68% of DALYs and 93% of YLDs attributed to chronic care needs.

Federated learning (FL) algorithms have emerged as a promising solution to train models for healthcare imaging across institutions while preserving privacy. Here, the authors describe the Federated Tumor Segmentation (FeTS) challenge for the decentralised benchmarking of FL algorithms and evaluation of Healthcare AI algorithm generalizability in real-world cancer imaging datasets.

A study of several longitudinal birth cohorts and cross-sectional cohorts finds only moderate overlap in genetic variants between autism that is diagnosed earlier and that diagnosed later, so they may represent aetiologically different conditions.

Microbubble interfaces exhibit unique chemical reactivity. Here, the authors visualize catalyst-free hydroxyl radical generation at nitrogen microbubbles, enabling pollutant degradation and sustainable nitrogen fixation under mild conditions.

Artificial cilia array devices are developed for sound frequency decoding and executing tasks such as drug release.

In a randomized trial of patients with a previous myocardial infarction and with residual inflammation, a monoclonal antibody targeting the LOX-1 receptor, thought to contribute to atherosclerotic plaque progression and inflammation, reduced soluble LOX-1 and interleukin-6 levels but did not lead to a substantial reduction in coronary plaque volume.

In this work, authors perform a large-scale genetic screen to explore the previously unrecognized physical interaction between two transcription factors in Candida albicans. The roles of Stp2 and Dal81 are important in extracellular pH alkalization, fitness, and pathogenicity, key processes requiring coordinated gene regulatory networks governing amino acid metabolism.

In this Stage 2 Registered Report, Buchanan et al. show evidence confirming the phenomenon of semantic priming across speakers of 19 diverse languages.

Integrated multi-omic analyses using samples from the TRACERx study highlight cross-talk between DNA hypermethylation and genomic lesions in non-small cell lung cancer.

By controlling oxygen partial pressure, this study coerces Mn and Fe into divalent states, stabilizing seven new high-entropy rock salt oxides, and introduces oxygen chemical potential as a key design axis for predictive synthesis.

Here the authors report a low-cost method to fabricate flexible Ag2Se thermoelectric films with high performance and durability, enabling efficient energy harvesting and cooling in wearable and portable thermoelectric devices.

As presented at the 2025 World Conference on Lung Cancer, in a multiarm phase 2 trial, perioperative immunotherapy was safe and feasible in patients with resectable diffuse pleural mesothelioma, with exploratory data suggesting that ctDNA kinetics could be informative of tumor regression and post-treatment survival.

Tree shrews show a primate-like hierarchical organization in their visual pathway and object decoding accuracy, along with strongly face-selective cells, demonstrating how core computational principles of visual form processing found in primates are conserved yet compressed.

Developing durable catalysts for the acidic oxygen evolution reaction is crucial for proton exchange membrane water electrolyzers. Here, the authors report incorporating high-entropy atoms (Co, Ni, Cu, Mn, Sm) into RuO₂ via annealing, achieving stable operation at 1 A cm⁻² and 50 °C for 1500 h.

In cohort B of the phase 2 SWOG S1512 trial, pembrolizumab monotherapy in patients with unresectable desmoplastic melanoma elicited a complete response rate of 37% and an objective response rate of 89%, supporting a new treatment option for this tumor type.

This pilot trial showed that perioperative treatment with the isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) inhibitor safusidenib of patients with low-grade IDH-mutant glioma, with craniotomy and lumbar puncture before and after treatment, is feasible and safe and enabled in-depth translational investigation of safusidenib treatment-induced changes in the tumor, including electrophysiological effects.

Here, the authors develop a chronic murine model of Acinetobacter baumannii pulmonary infection that overcomes some limitations of acute models and allows investigation of virulence factors, long-term antibiotic treatment, and polymicrobial infections.

A benchtop fusion reactor, called the Thunderbird Reactor, is described, showing that electrochemically loading a metal lattice with deuterium could enhance nuclear fusion rates when that metal is also bombarded by deuterium ions.

This study shows that brain organoids from individuals with 22q11.2 deletion syndrome and schizophrenia have delayed neuron development, linked to altered gene regulation and microRNAs, offering insight into how this deletion raises psychiatric disease risk.

The authors highlight inconsistencies and divergencies in the literature reporting data on indirect calorimetry for studies on whole-body energy homeostasis, and propose harmonization of standards to facilitate data comparison and interpretation across different datasets.

Petroni et al. report that the infiltration of IL-17A-secreting γδ T cells in the tumor microenvironment coupled with the accumulation of immunosuppressive macrophages is associated with resistance to CDK4/CDK6 inhibition in HR⁺HER2⁻ breast cancer.

To better understand the etiology of frailty, the authors perform a large genetic study. They identified 45 additional variants and implicated MET, CHST9, ILRUN, APOE, CGREF1 and PPP6C as potential causal genes, linking frailty to immune regulation, metabolism and cellular signaling.

GIANT, a genetically informed brain atlas, integrates genetic heritability with neuroanatomy. It shows strong neuroanatomical validity and surpasses traditional atlases in discovery power for brain imaging genomics.

Analysis of whole genomes and life-history data of male black grouse shows that deleterious mutations, especially those in promotors, reduce lifetime reproductive success.

The electronic structure of superconducting magnesium diboride is predicted theoretically to have a distribution of energy gap values. Chenet al. observe this distribution of values experimentally, by means of high-resolution electron tunnelling spectroscopy.

Whole-genome sequencing, transcriptome-wide association and fine-mapping analyses in over 7,000 individuals with critical COVID-19 are used to identify 16 independent variants that are associated with severe illness in COVID-19.

Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have improved our understanding of the genetic basis of lung adenocarcinoma but known susceptibility variants explain only a small fraction of the familial risk. Here, the authors perform a two-stage GWAS and report 12 novel genetic loci associated with lung adenocarcinoma in East Asians.

Here, the authors identify distinct gut microbiome and metabolome signatures in microscopic colitis, a condition causing chronic diarrhea, highlighting pro-inflammatory species and metabolites as potential non-invasive biomarkers and therapeutic targets.

The potential of microsystem technologies to accelerate the development and clinical translation of immunotherapies is now being realized. This Review discusses recent advances in microsystem technologies, illustrating how their application can address key challenges related to the efficacy, toxicity, predictability and affordability of immunotherapeutics. Future directions and ongoing challenges facing the clinical translation of these technologies are discussed.  

Gene activity levels predict how often and how strongly genes turn on and off. Using live imaging in fruit fly embryos, the authors uncover a conserved rule linking transcriptional bursts to gene activity across time, space and species.

Systematic analysis from the Global Burden of Disease study reported that, despite global improvements from 1990 to 2021, dietary iron deficiency-associated disease burden remains high in women, children and residents in low socio-demographic index countries.

MultiSTAAR provides a general and flexible statistical framework for functionally informed multi-trait rare variant analysis of biobank-scale sequencing studies by jointly analyzing multiple traits and incorporating annotation information.

A global network of researchers was formed to investigate the role of human genetics in SARS-CoV-2 infection and COVID-19 severity; this paper reports 13 genome-wide significant loci and potentially actionable mechanisms in response to infection.

Magic state distillation is achieved with logical qubits on a neutral-atom quantum computer using a dynamically reconfigurable architecture for parallel quantum operations.

The results of the Fifth RNA-Puzzles contest highlights advances in RNA three-dimensional structure prediction and uncovers new insights into RNA folding and structure.

Hosseinzadeh et al. demonstrate use of a publicly accessible automated machine learning platform to differentiate between a common benign tumor and malignant transformation of it within the paranasal sinuses. This AI algorithm beat prior human prediction, and showed that physicians with no coding background can effectively utilize this tool.

Analysis of soundscape data from 139 globally distributed sites reveals that sounds of biological origin exhibit predictable rhythms depending on location and season, whereas sounds of anthropogenic origin are less predictable. Comparisons between paired urban–rural sites show that urban green spaces are noisier and dominated by sounds of technological origin.

An analysis of 24,202 critical cases of COVID-19 identifies potentially druggable targets in inflammatory signalling (JAK1), monocyte–macrophage activation and endothelial permeability (PDE4A), immunometabolism (SLC2A5 and AK5), and host factors required for viral entry and replication (TMPRSS2 and RAB2A).