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This study demonstrates 3D printing of hierarchically ordered, porous transition metal oxides and nitrides directed by block copolymer self-assembly, with record surface areas and nanoconfinement-induced critical fields in the nitride superconductors

Widely cited studies have claimed that musical training is associated with enhanced neural encoding for sound at early stages of the auditory system. Results from this large-scale multisite study do not support this earlier claim.

Wang, Wang, Pan and colleagues uncover a C864–C869 disulfide linkage stimulated by viral RNA that drives RIG-I activation, phase separation and stimulates downstream innate immune signalling.

Cerebral adrenoleukodystrophy (CALD) is a demyelinating disease caused by loss of ABCD1 gene function. Here the authors investigate white matter structural and microvascular changes in boys with CALD that received gene therapy with autologous hematopoietic stem-cells.

A phase 1/2 trial of dual-vector rAAVrh8 gene therapy for GM2 gangliosidosis, administered by bilateral intrathalamic, cisterna magna and intrathecal delivery found a dose-dependent biochemical correction of the disease.

Brown et al. show that mouse islet progenitors with different transcriptomes produce distinct β-cell subtypes and maternal diet alter the subtype proportions. Similar β-cell subsets exist in humans, with a subset enriched in genes related to β cell function reduced in diabetes.

A clinical study of women with abnormal breast mammograms establishes a workflow to evaluate the capability of breast photoacoustic computed tomography in the classification, monitoring and segmentation of lesions.

Keloids are fibroproliferative scars with higher prevalence in individuals of African and Asian ancestry. Here, the authors perform a multi-ancestry GWAS identifying 26 loci and pathways linked to fibrosis, integrin signalling, and hormone regulation.

A long-period radio transient with coincident radio and X-ray emission and observational properties unlike any known Galactic object has been observed by the Australian Square Kilometre Array Pathfinder.

A report from the first 2,000 newborns enrolled in the Early Check program, which offered genome screening covering 198 genes associated with early-onset diseases, shows the feasibility and potential clinical utility of the approach, leading to 28 true positive results.

Parkin plays a role in mitophagy and has been shown to control adipose tissue browning and thermogenesis. Here the authors report that Parkin coordinates mitophagy with Pgc1α-mediated mitochondrial biogenesis in white adipocytes to regulate adiposity.

The Connectome 2.0 MRI scanner reconstructs the fine fibres in the human brain and determines cellular and axonal size at an ultra-high resolution.

HNF4A is a nuclear receptor that regulates liver lipid homeostasis. Here the authors show that HNF4A is not required for intestinal lipid metabolism but controls energy expenditure under diet induced obesity through the fat-induced release of glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide.

Multiancestry fine-mapping of brain protein quantitative trait loci coupled with Mendelian randomization analyses identifies protein–trait pairs consistent with causal effects across neurological and psychiatric conditions.

Haematopoietic stem cell numbers are restricted at both systemic and local levels.

In people with severe brain injuries, stimulation restored consciousness by engaging a deep brain circuit for wakefulness—revealing a target that may also guide treatment in stroke and epilepsy.

Natural variation in the courtship song of Drosophila is mapped to the intronic insertion of a retroelement at the slowpoke locus, which encodes an ion channel.

Orbital observations identify the presence of hydrated silica and sulfate salts on Mars which is consistent with Early-Amazonian sedimentary volcanism and indicates the remobilization of aqueous reservoirs in the Northern Plains of the planet.

The authors reveal that Snail-mediated repression reshapes transcriptional bursting by introducing a long-lived OFF state through enhancer-driven cooperativity. Live imaging and modeling show how active repression dynamically sculpts gene expression to guide coordinated cell specification.

In this 4-year unblinded follow-up study, the authors evaluate 63% of the participants of a double-blind randomised control trial that assessed the effects of faecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) on adolescents with obesity.

Hutchinson-Gilford Progeria Syndrome is characterized by premature aging with cardiovascular disease being the main cause of death. Here the authors show that inhibition of the NAT10 enzyme enhances cardiac function and fitness, and reduces age-related phenotypes in a mouse model of premature aging.

Antibody–bottlebrush conjugates expand the options for drug cargos compared to antibody–drug conjugates.

This study reveals that an outer membrane protein from the predator Bdellovibrio bacteriovorus forms a pentameric assembly that traps a lipid monolayer within. This allows the discovery of two superfamilies, distributed across a wide range of bacteria, likely to adopt a similar architecture.

Huang et al. show that 3D hydrogel embedding supports more organotypic kidney development in culture. Matrix stiffness and adhesion properties were found to regulate nephron formation, highlighting the intervention potential of physical boundary conditions.

Cannabis use has been reported to impair sperm quality but less is known about whether cannabis affects female fertility. Here the authors report that cannabis use and THC levels associate with oocyte maturation rate and reduced number of euploid embryos in a retrospective case-control study of patients undergoing IVF treatment, while in vitro data suggests THC impairs chromosome segregation.

Deterministic control of the gain–loss balance in non-Hermitian systems remains challenging. A magnonic hybrid platform is now shown to enable this and, hence, coherently control excitations by leveraging an exceptional point.

Pressure overload in the heart, such as from aortic stenosis, triggers early molecular changes before visible damage occurs. Here, the authors show that combining proteomics, transcriptomics, and genetic data reveals key drivers of heart failure, highlighting potential targets for treatment.

Self-assembled multidomain supramolecular peptide hydrogels that engage in dynamic covalent bonding with small-molecule drugs and biologics are shown to offer sustained release, extend the activity, and maintain safe and potent drug levels in vivo.

The Perseverance rover detected polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons preserved within sulfates in the fan and floor of Jezero crater on Mars, offering new insights into past habitability and the preservation of organic matter on Mars.

Samples returned from asteroid Bennu largely comprise hydrated sheet silicates with sulfides, magnetite and carbonate that indicate alteration by a fluid that evolved from neutral to alkaline, according to a micro- and nanoscale mineralogical study.

Changing from a five-point scale to a two-point scale for rating workers reduces racial discrimination by making customers focus on whether the work was good or bad instead of their own personal biases.

Using 7T resting-state functional MRI data, the authors investigate the effective connectivity of basal forebrain areas in a transdiagnostic sample of patients with anxiety and depression and healthy controls.

The function of DNMT1 (DNA methyltransferase 1) in these subsets of immature, migrating cortical inhibitory interneurons is not fully understood. This study shows that DNMT1 regulates cortical development by orchestrating the migration of postmitotic SST+ interneurons and their signaling to cortical progenitors, with implications for proper cortical architecture and function.

An optical sieve—an array of optically resonant voids in gallium arsenide—enables sorting, detecting and counting nanoplastics as small as a few hundreds of nanometres at concentrations as low as 150 μg ml⁻¹ in lake water samples.

Parity-time symmetry breaking and related non-Hermitian phenomena, such as high-order exceptional points, have attracted significant interest across various experimental platforms. Here the authors demonstrate a third-order exceptional point induced by parity-time symmetry breaking in a dissipative trapped ion.

A better-ventilated North Pacific could have reduced the carbon of water upwelled in the Southern Ocean, reducing outgassing and revealing a remote influence on Southern Ocean biogeochemistry in glacial times.

Soft electronic probes for measuring neural activity can be made scalably in an initially planar form and turned into various three-dimensional geometries through a controlled rolling method.

The isodendritic core is a group of neuromodulatory nuclei with diffuse projections. Here the authors describe associations between the microstructural integrity of the isodendritic core and whole-brain white matter in humans, and its relationship to Apolipoprotein-E4 carrier status.

Consistent local activity reductions in autism co-localize with glutamatergic and GABAergic neurotransmission. These patterns resemble brain changes induced by ketamine, highlighting altered excitation-inhibition balance underlying autism’s neurophysiology.

A giant planet candidate roughly the size of Jupiter but more than 14 times as massive is observed by TESS and other instruments to be transiting the white dwarf star WD 1856+534.

Early life is a critical window for immune development, marked by shifts in cell composition and function. Age and sex influence this process and are associated with epigenetic differences in immune-related DNA methylation, based on analysis of whole blood samples collected at ages 1 vs. 5 from a Canadian longitudinal paediatric cohort

Cells can regulate their mass density. Here, the authors demonstrate how eukaryotes establish and maintain a lower density in the nucleus than in the cytoplasm via pressure balance, and how deviations emerge during pathophysiological states like senescence.

Perineural invasion and cancer-induced nerve injury of tumour-associated nerves are associated with poor response to anti-PD-1 therapy, which can be reversed by combining anti-PD-1 therapy with anti-inflammatory interventions.

An ‘intracrine’ signaling mechanism is proposed whereby a G-protein-coupled receptor (free fatty acid receptor 4) senses locally released fatty acids on intracellular membranes associated with lipid droplets to efficiently regulate lipolysis in adipocytes.

Single-cell studies of human white adipose tissue (WAT) provide insights into the specialized cell types in the tissue. Here the authors combine publicly available and newly generated high-resolution and bulk transcriptomic results from multiple human datasets to provide a comprehensive cellular map of white adipose tissue.

Measuring atomic spectra in high magnetic fields is important for understanding astrophysical objects such as white dwarfs, but laboratory fields are too small to do so. Murdin et al. study the analogous spectra of phosphorous-doped silicon, whose material properties scale the equivalent field to far lower values.

Neonatal hypoxia leads to white matter hypomyelination due to delayed oligodendrocyte maturation. The authors identify Sirt2 as a crucial regulator of oligodendrocyte differentiation during normal white matter development and in response to hypoxia.