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A genome-wide association meta-analysis study of blood lipid levels in roughly 1.6 million individuals demonstrates the gain of power attained when diverse ancestries are included to improve fine-mapping and polygenic score generation, with gains in locus discovery related to sample size.

Ancient DNA, stable isotopes and other archaeological methods establish that humans were living at extremely high elevation on the Tibetan Plateau 4,400 years ago, maintaining sedentary lifestyles that combined fishing, hunting and crop exchange.

Fabrication methods for ionic conductive hydrogel fibers are challenged by complexity and poor stability. Using a stress-induced adaptive phase transition strategy, Liu et al. fabricate self-encapsulated hydrogel fibers for depth-of-field sensing applications in a sustainable, two-step process.

Following a previous multicenter clinical study on severe community acquired pneumonia (SCAP), Profs. Qu and Liu groups here perform surface protein-focused CRISPR screens with SCAP-associated human adenovirus species B and identify ALCAM as an entry factor.

A collagenase nanogel backpack enhances CAR-T cell therapy in pancreatic cancer by improving cell infiltration and overcoming physical barriers, enabling potent tumour regression and prolonged survival.

A multi-ancestry genome-wide association study meta-analysis, combined with transcriptome- and methylome-wide association analyses, identifies risk loci associated with colorectal cancer. Credible effector genes and their target tissues are also highlighted, showing that over a third probably act outside the colonic mucosa.

A survey of 8,341 mutations in 21 yeast genes shows that synonymous mutations are nearly as harmful as nonsynonymous mutations, in part because they both affect the mRNA level of the gene mutated.

This Protocol provides detailed instructions for performing NAP-seq, an RNA sequencing technique for profiling full-length sequences of noncapped RNAs with various terminal modifications at single-nucleotide resolution.

Pan-genome analysis of 24 alfalfa accessions identifies key structural variations associated with salt tolerance and quality traits and provides resources for genomics-assisted breeding in alfalfa.

The authors propose a high entropy modulation design in a quantum paraelectric ferroelectric/antiferroelectric matrix, showing high energy storage performance. Through entropy engineering, the microstructure of the material is changed with higher fluctuation on the B-site of the perovskite.

SARS-CoV-2 mainly transmits via respiratory droplets. Here Deng et al. show that SARS-CoV-2 can infect rhesus macaques via ocular conjunctival inoculation.

SARS-CoV-2 variants with immune escape capability highlight the need for the development of cross-neutralising vaccines and regimens. Here, the authors assess the immunogenicity and safety of NVSI-06-08, that integrates antigens from multiple SARS-CoV-2 strains into a single immunogen, as a heterologous booster in adults previously vaccinated with the inactivated vaccine.

Socioeconomic status is multidimensional and can change over time. Xu, Lui, Ji et al. found dimension-specific, late-stage-specific and change-specific socioeconomic effects on brain, cognition, personality and emotion.

Cold atom systems are a playground for new quantum phenomena, one of which might be Majorana fermions – particles that are their own antiparticles. Qu et al. show how a topological superfluid with Fulde–Ferrell pairing might emerge in a spin–orbit-coupled degenerate gas, which could support Majorana fermions.

Salmonella is a major cause of foodborne disease worldwide. Authors created a Salmonella database and present a genetic atlas of antimicrobial resistance, identifying some socioeconomic and environmental drivers for the rise of resistance globally.

Many montane birds seasonally migrate between elevations. This study shows two bird species exhibit phenotypic plasticity in response to this altitude shift: the small-scale elevational migrant shows greater temperature-driven plasticity, while the large-scale migrant displays stronger hypoxia-driven plasticity.

The rational design of intercalation electrodes is largely confined to the optimization of redox chemistry of transition metals and oxygen. Here, the authors report the single anionic redox process in NaCrS₂ where it is sulfur rather than chromium that works as the electrochemical active species.

A large genome-wide association study of more than 5 million individuals reveals that 12,111 single-nucleotide polymorphisms account for nearly all the heritability of height attributable to common genetic variants.

Conventional capacitors store charge under opposite polarization. Here, the authors design a printed asymmetric system, where a redox-active electrolyte enables selective charge storage. This approach allows voltage control and efficient logic operations, showing promise for future ionic computing.

Nuclear SREBP2 forms nuclear condensates through its N-terminal intrinsically disordered region, which is essential for the transcriptional activation of lipogenic genes.

Cobalt, iron or manganese catalysts are the metals of choice in alkene functionalization reactions via catalytic metal hydride hydrogen atom transfer (MHAT). Now a complementary MHAT-like system based on copper is proposed to operate in a regioselective Markovnikov addition reaction of nucleophiles to olefins.

Near-infrared-II fluorescence imaging-guided photodynamic therapy is hindered by the undesired aggregation of photosensitizers and the competition between fluorescence emission and reactive oxygen species generation. Here, the authors report an anionic pentamethine-based photosensitizer enabling excitation wavelength-selective fluorescence imaging-guided photodynamic therapy.

Metallic altermagnets are promising for applications due to the spin-polarized electric current that originates from their spin-split band structure. Now d-wave altermagnetism with antisymmetric spin polarization has been demonstrated in KV₂Se₂O.

Here, the authors performed plasma proteomics and metabolomics analysis and identify the vinculin (VCL) pathway as a key mediator of lung exudation in SARS-CoV-2 infections, particularly associated with Omicron infection. In a mouse model of infection inhibition of VCL leads to reduced lung pathology.

A power conversion efficiency of 33.89% is achieved in perovskite/silicon tandem solar cells by using a bilayer passivation strategy to enhance electron extraction and suppress recombination.

The authors show the dimeric structure of human LYCHOS (lysosomal cholesterol signaling), a fusion of a transporter and a G-protein-coupled receptor-like domain. The study uncovers unique transporter and receptor features and proposes a mechanism to couple cholesterol sensing, transport and signaling.

In a single-arm phase 2b trial, glecirasib, an oral KRAS-G12C inhibitor, had an overall response rate of 47.9% in patients with locally advanced or metastatic KRAS^G12C-mutated nonsmall-cell lung cancer.

The treatment of Parkinson’s disease (PD) is hampered by the lack of effective blood–brain barrier (BBB) traversing drugs. Here, the authors report nanozyme-integrated metal-organic frameworks with antioxidant activity and chiral-dependent BBB transendocytosis as anti-neuroinflammatory agents for PD treatment.

In a large trial involving 180 classes in different contexts in China, interactions with a chatbot provided to parents increased uptake and appointments for human papillomavirus vaccination, with stronger increases in rural areas.

A new AI generative model leverages the use of synthetic images to effectively augment existing datasets, boosting performance across multiple medical applications

Extreme myopia (EM) is a leading cause of sight impairment caused by progressive retinal degeneration. Here, the authors perform whole-exome sequencing to investigate rare protein-truncating variants among EM cases and identify KDELR3 which contributes to the pathogenesis of EM.

Investigating the inner structure of baryons is important to further our understanding of the strong interaction. Here, the BESIII Collaboration extracts the absolute value of the ratio of the electric to magnetic form factors and its relative phase for e + e − → J/ψ → ΛΣ decays, enhancing the signal thanks to the vacuum polarisation effect at the J/ψ peak.

POMC and AgRP neurons in hypothalamus were widely known to regulate energy balance. Here, authors show that ARC^CRABP1 neurons are identified as a new player influencing appetite and metabolism.

Quantum technologies allow memory advantages in simulating stochastic processes, but a demonstration of this for non-Markovian processes (where the advantage would be stronger) has been missing so far. Here the authors fill this gap analytically and experimentally, using a single qubit memory to model non-Markovian processes.

One effector of wheat disease pathogen is found to prevent the entry of thioredoxin into chloroplast. This disrupts the thioredoxin-mediated monomerization of STAYGREEN, a key regulator of senescence, and thereby suppresses plant defense responses.

Chemically modified nucleobases and oligonucleotides are essential in several fields but introducing functional groups into nucleobases requires laborious chemical synthesis. Here, the authors report site-selective alkylation at the C8-position of guanines in guanosine, GMP, GDP, and GTP, as well as late-stage alkylation of RNA/DNA oligonucleotides through photomediated Minisci reaction.