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The analysis of radial velocity variations of O-type stars in the Small Magellanic Cloud reveals a large fraction of close binaries, suggesting that binary physics also plays a prominent role in the low-metallicity environment of the distant Universe.

Using cryo-electron microscopy, the interactions of Sestrin2 and CASTOR1 with GATOR2 were resolved, revealing how mTORC1 activation is regulated and how nutrient availability triggers signalling for cellular growth.

Humans adapt social and asocial learning to dynamically changing contexts, but the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Here, the authors clarify these mechanisms and show that the degree of social and asocial adaptivity predicts individual performance.

The number of individuals in a given space influences animal interactions and network dynamics. Here the authors identify general rules underlying density dependence in animal networks and reveal some fundamental differences between spatial and social dynamics.

Neandertal genomes carry a variant of AMPD1 with a lysine-to-isoleucine substitution at position 287. Here, the authors show that this variant has reduced activity in muscle, which could have effects on athletic performance.

A large brain imaging study of over 2000 people worldwide shows that fear conditioning engages brain regions linked to emotion and attention, with differences in individuals with anxiety or depression and strong influences from task design.

Spotiflow uses deep learning for subpixel-accurate spot detection in diverse 2D and 3D images. The improved accuracy offered by Spotiflow enables improved biological insights in both iST and live imaging experiments.

A scintillating pulsar has revealed 25 plasma structures in the Local Bubble of our Galaxy, including four linked to the pulsar’s bow shock. The findings can be linked to create a three-dimensional model of the shock and uncover turbulence-driven plasma density fluctuations.

ALMA telescope observations over a 7-year period have ‘filmed’ spiral arms winding in a protoplanetary disk. This motion is a hallmark of gravitational instability, a theory that suggests how giant planets might form far from their host stars.

Pioneer of high-pressure physics and superconductivity.

Magnetic reconnection, thought to drive solar eruptions, has been studied with remote sensing. The Parker Solar Probe has directly measured reconnection-associated plasma properties in situ in the solar corona, deepening our understanding of the process.

Sensory experience transforms endogenously structured cortical networks with diverse and unreliable visual responses into reliable representations. This process is proposed to involve the alignment of feedforward and recurrent networks.

The feasibility of Floquet engineering in graphene has been called into question due to its fast decoherence processes. Measurements of graphene’s photoemission spectrum now support the generation of Floquet states in this material.

The effect of disorder in conventional two-dimensional electron systems is usually described in terms of individual electrons interacting with an underlying disorder potential. Scanning single-electron transistor measurements of graphene in a strong magnetic field indicate that in this system, coulombic interactions between electrons must also be taken into account.

Phased Array Transducers (PATs) are used to shape ultrasound. They require complex electronics and are hard to scale, which limits their ability to form sophisticated patterns. Here, we introduce an analog platform that uses light to shift the electrical phase of the transducers and demonstrate versatile ultrasonic functions in a scalable device.

Dense gas clumps from the time of the formation of the first stars in the Universe should affect the average intensity of radio waves on the sky. Numerical simulations show that this offers a new way to probe the nature of dark matter.

A reconfigurable photonic integrated circuit for modal decomposition in the Laguerre-Gaussian basis is introduced. The device measures relative phase, amplitude, and partial polarization of the constituting modes. It is capable of distinguishing up to 9 modes, providing a compact next generation platform for beam metrology.

The ferroelectric material α-GeTe(111) is an excellent playground for spin-to charge conversion due to its strong Rashba coupling. Here, the authors reveal an ultrafast modulation of its Rashba coupling on the femtosecond timescale.

Cells can regulate their mass density. Here, the authors demonstrate how eukaryotes establish and maintain a lower density in the nucleus than in the cytoplasm via pressure balance, and how deviations emerge during pathophysiological states like senescence.

Brain-wide recordings in mice reveal that prior expectations are distributed through recurrent loops across all levels of cortical and subcortical processing.

The measles virus relies on the intrinsically disordered domain of its nucleoprotein, N_TAIL, to bind the polymerase complex responsible for viral transcription and replication, but the role played by disordered regions away from the binding site is not clearly understood. Here, through a combination of experiments and simulations, the authors show that transient and non-local interactions between disordered regions distant in sequence influence the conformational preferences of the binding sites and the folding and availability of its molecular recognition element, affecting viral replication kinetics.

Measuring nuclear radii with different methods (e.g. electron scattering, laser spectroscopy) often leads to inconsistencies. Carbon isotopes provide exceptional accuracies among elements in the second row, facilitating nuclear structure theory benchmarks. Here, the authors provide laser spectroscopic measurements of the nuclear charge radius of ¹³C, improving previous uncertainties.

The oxygen evolution reaction proceeds over a surface that undergoes (frustrated) phase transitions to accommodate bias-dependent excess charge. Now it has been shown that this excess charge is intimately linked to the interfacial solvation of ions and the pre-organization of the transition state, providing insight into intrinsic catalyst activities.

C–H functionalization is a key reaction in organic synthesis. Now a selenoxide reagent has been developed for the formation of arylselenonium salts via C–H functionalization of DNA conjugates with high selectivity. The arylselenonium salts participate in various transformations to forge new C–C and C–X bonds.

HistoPlexer, a deep learning model, generates multiplexed protein expression maps from H&E images, capturing tumour–immune cell interactions. It outperforms baselines, enhances immune subtyping and survival prediction and offers a cost-effective tool for precision oncology.

Observations of the Faraday rotation towards pulsars in the halo globular cluster 47 Tucanae have been used to constrain the magnetic field strength in the Galactic halo, finding that it is unexpectedly strong.

Bio-based adhesives with high cohesive density are often difficult to recycle. Here the authors propose a supramolecular nanoconfined network based on cellulose which combines strong and switchable adhesion.

Using a tuning fork-based probe, the authors offer evidence of 2D magnetic moment along the c-axis of CsV₃Sb₅. Their findings suggest that loop currents within the kagome lattice can generate orbital magnetism.

Dual-scale chemical ordering in CoNiV-based alloys improves the synergy of strength and ductility at cryogenic temperatures, providing an approach for obtaining high-performance metallic materials for cryogenic applications.

UTe₂ is a proposed intrinsic topological superconductor, but its quasiparticle surface band has not yet been visualized. Now this is achieved using quasiparticle interference imaging, revealing the symmetry of the superconducting order parameter.

The developmental origin of behavioral individuality is unclear. The authors show that a temporal sequence of genetically encoded stochastic mechanisms explains variation in stereotyped neuronal circuits.

Dissociative recombination of electrons with molecular ions widely occurs in interstellar plasmas but laboratory studies are challenging. Here, the authors provide measurements of dissociative recombination with high-internal state definition for D₂H⁺ ions stored in the cryogenic storage ring.

Direct observations of silicate clouds in the atmosphere of the exoplanet YSES-1 c and the first circumplanetary disk silicate emission around its sibling planet YSES-1 b are reported.

The authors introduce a new spectroscopic technique for studying Higgs modes in superconductors and apply it to a cuprate superconductor. The method involves a soft quench of the Mexican-Hat potential, populating Higgs modes of different symmetries, which are then probed by non equilibrium anti-Stokes Raman scattering.

Coherent quantum transition spectroscopy of the spin of a single antiproton is reported, demonstrating Rabi oscillations of the spin and enabling improved measurement of matter/antimatter symmetry using proton and antiproton magnetic moments.

Microglia proliferate in response to ischemic stroke. Here, the authors show the clonal dynamics of this proliferation and how clonality contributes to microglial heterogeneity in a mouse stroke model, revealing distinct interclonal interactions.

This work presents GōMartini 3, an improved coarse-grained protein model combining physics- and structure-based approaches. It boosts computational efficiency and accuracy for structured soluble and membrane as well as disordered peptides/proteins.

It is generally assumed that modulating magnetic properties via linear excitations of Raman-active phonons is forbidden in inversion symmetric magnets. Here, Luo, Ning, Ilyas, von Hoegen, and coauthors demonstrate a linear excitation of Raman-active lattice vibrations, via magnon-polaron excitation.

Understanding “strange metal" behavior in high-temperature superconductors remains an open problem. Here the authors report a correlation between linear-in-magnetic-field magnetoresistance and linear-in-temperature resistivity in several hole-doped cuprate families and discuss its possible implications for superconductivity.

Monolayer graphene has been long proposed as a candidate system for Floquet engineering. Time- and angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy measurements now show the formation of Floquet–Bloch states in this material.

In this Stage 2 Registered Report, Buchanan et al. show evidence confirming the phenomenon of semantic priming across speakers of 19 diverse languages.

Graphene nanoribbons with zigzag edges are key candidates for spintronic applications due to their tunable bandgaps and spin-polarized edge states. Now it has been shown that hybrid ribbons embedded with metalloporphyrins enable strong electronic and magnetic coupling between distant metal centres, positioning such hybrids as promising materials for quantum devices.

The application of high-harmonic spectroscopy to liquid samples shows that the cut-off energy is a material characteristic. This approach may also give experimental access to electron mean free paths.

Non-reciprocal interactions in active matter systems can lead to nontrivial types of collective behaviour. The authors describe the emergence of a dynamical state, termed effervescence, characterized by spatiotemporal chaos manifesting as a coexistence of unstable droplets and oscillating densities.

Intense lasers can both ionize atoms and subsequently drive the recollision of the released electrons with their ionized parents. Holography experiments now show that the orientation of the parent can change the recollision process, requiring a refinement of the commonly used strong-field approximation.

Activity recognition in live-cell imaging is laborious. Here, authors present, IVEA, a fully automated AI ImageJ plugin, that efficiently detects and classifies exocytosis events, from synaptic transmission to single-vesicle fusion, across cell types and imaging setups.

Freestanding membranes of hafnium zirconium oxide can be created using pulsed laser deposition method and used as the top-gate dielectric in molybdenum disulfide transistors.

Using whole-embryo imaging and point cloud analysis, Brambach et al. reveal that global tissue diversity can be reduced to two organisational archetypes, crystalline and amorphous, each requiring specific cadherin expression during development.