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Metronomic photodynamic therapy is a long-term, low-dose treatment strategy limited by the need of continuous photosensitizer administration. Here this group reports combining the self-bioluminescent bacteria with a neutral red photosensitizer in alginate microcapsules as a self-driven metronomic photodynamic therapeutic system with preclinical anti-cancer effects.

The use of Cu catalysts for the CO₂ reduction reaction is hindered by their poor stability. The authors find that traces dissolved oxygen in the electrolyte results in Cu dissolution/reconstruction and report an in-situ passivation strategy to prevent oxygen adsorption in high stability.

Here the authors reveal a study of 486,956 Han Chinese individuals showing that most people with genetic variants affecting drug response do not have the predicted adverse events, highlighting the challenges of implementing pharmacogenetics in clinical practice.

The Macaque Biobank initiated by Zhang et al. provides a comprehensive genetic and phenotypic characterization of Chinese rhesus macaques (CRMs). This resource enhances our understanding of the genetic diversity of CRMs and holds potential for biomedical research.

NatD is an acetyltransferase responsible for N-α-terminal acetylation of the histone H4 and H2A and has been linked to cell growth. Here the authors show that NatD-mediated acetylation of histone H4 serine 1 competes with the phosphorylation by CK2α at the same residue thus leading to the upregulation of Slug and tumor progression.

Mitochondrial fatty acid β-oxidation is essential for cellular energy production. Here the authors show that mutations in Testis-Expressed Protein 44 (TEX44) are associated with misregulated fatty acid β-oxidation and male infertility.

The insertion of thin layers of cobalt can stabilize β-tungsten under back-end-of-line thermal constraints, allowing a 64-kb spin–orbit torque magnetic random-access memory to be fabricated that offers a spin–orbit torque switching of 1 ns, data retention of more than 10 years and a tunnelling magnetoresistance of 146%.

Grain protein content determines rice nutrition quality. Here, the authors show that a single nucleotide polymorphism in the promoter region of OsGluA2, encoding a glutelin type-A2 precursor, is responsible for glutelin content difference between the indica and japonica rice subspecies.

In this clinical trial, the authors demonstrate that recombinant gE-Fc Fusion Protein Vaccine LZ901 for herpes zoster induces superior cellular immunogenicity and exhibits a better safety profile than HZ/su in adults ≥50 years, supporting its potential as vaccine candidate.

The germline is established during embryogenesis when primordial germ cells are first specified. Here they show that the RNA-binding proteins DND1 and NANOS3 function together to repress the translation of SOX4, restricting the germ cell lineage specification during embryonic development.

Fang et al. demonstrate that OsHSFA4d enhances thermotolerance by activating HSP101 and promoting CslF6 expression, which suppresses disease resistance. It is phosphorylated by OsCDPK24/28, increasing its DNA binding ability under heat stress. This trade-off mechanism of abiotic/biotic stress may broadly exist in plant kingdom.

Maintaining proper reactive oxygen species (ROS) balance is critical for cellular and individual health, yet its dynamic nature encumbers monitoring and assessment. Here the authors propose a platform using mass cytometry-based detection, termed SN-ROP, to identify distinct ROS profiles associated with specific immune cell functions and disease states.

An integrated smart capsule that encapsulates an array of electrochemical sensors can provide real-time, continuous and multiplexed monitoring of the gastrointestinal tract.

Monomethylation of histone H4 lysine 20 (H4K20me1) contributes to DNA replication but the mechanism is not well understood. Here, the authors identify a conserved tandem Tudor domain of BAHCC1 as a H4K20me1-specific reader, which promotes the recruitment of MCM complex to chromatin for efficient DNA replication.

The diagnosis and prognosis of chronic kidney disease (CKD) relies on invasive renal biopsies, which can be clinically constrained. Here, the authors develop a non-invasive model using retinal images that can be used to screen for CKD and identify five common pathological types of CKD.

The authors present a digital camouflage strategy in optical/thermal infrared/terahertz/microwave bands. It mimics plant spectra in optical and creates adaptable patterns in other bands, blending with surroundings to evade multi-spectral detection.

Polygenic scores for body mass index and obesity constructed using data from 5 million people with different ancestries were associated with distinct weight gain trajectories from early childhood to adulthood.

The role of vascular plasticity in brain function remains poorly understood. Here, the authors demonstrate that a significant portion of blood vessels in the adult brain periodically occlude and regress, a process that is associated with a reduction in neuronal activity.

Seawater electrolysis for hydrogen production faces challenges in creating robust anodes that resist corrosion. Here, the authors report a PW₁₂-polyoxometalate-modified CoFe hydroxide anode that achieves selective and durable seawater oxidation over 1300 hours at 1 A cm⁻².

Electroreduction of low-concentration NO₃⁻ to NH₃ is limited by NO₃⁻ mass transfer. Here, the authors propose a strategy for NO₃ ⁻ enrichment through charge rearrangement within the inner Helmholtz plane, achieving near-unity conversion of NO₃⁻ to NH₃.

The authors report a study increasing hydrogen peroxide electrosynthesis kinetics over a Ni(OH)₂/CNT material. They show that the catalyst enhances H₂O dissociation and proton transfer in neutral media.

The potential roles of post-translational modification of bacterial proteins in pathogenesis are not well understood. Here, Wang et al. show that posttranslational lactylation of proteins, in particular alpha-toxin, is important for virulence of the human pathogen Staphylococcus aureus.

The unique structure and mechanism of chanoclavine synthase (EasC), a haem catalase that uses superoxide for substrate transformation in ergot alkaloid biosynthesis, are revealed in this study, challenging established catalase mechanisms.

Gut microbiota-derived succinate promotes CitC succinyltransferase-dependent succinylation of PurR to alleviate T3SS repression and promote virulence in enterohaemorrhagic Escherichia coli and Citrobacter rodentium.

Chronic wounds significantly diminish quality of life. Here, the authors developed a wearable LED device and sprayable fibrin gel for safe home use. The LED device and fibrin gel effectively eradicated microbes and improved wound healing, as validated in infected diabetic wounds in mice and minipigs

Symbiotic nitrogen fixation is a tightly regulated process serving as a sustainable source of nitrogen (N) in agriculture. Here it is shown that external N sources precisely regulate N fixation efficiency by modulating iron transport in nodules of legumes.

Obesity is a significant health risk, and current treatments are inadequate. This study reveals that AA005, an annonaceous acetogenin mimic, targets mitochondrial HADHA in adipose tissue to boost thermogenesis via the UCP1 pathway, providing a promising new strategy for obesity treatment.

TCF1 and TOX have been shown to be important in T memory cell formation. Here the authors show that TCF1 and TOX contribute to the regulation and persistence of memory-like ILC2 cells in mouse asthma models and persons with asthma.

Wang et al. present T cell receptor sequencing of serial tumor and blood samples from TIL-treated patients with non-small cell lung cancer, identifying tumor-reactive clonotypes expressing dysfunctional programs in patients lacking clinical benefit.

Fouling of solid surfaces is a problem when designing microchannel systems for applications such as bioassays and drug delivery. Here Hou et al. propose a way to overcome this issue by controlling fluid flow by means of an immiscible functional liquid partly infiltrated in a porous solid matrix.

Socioeconomic status is multidimensional and can change over time. Xu, Lui, Ji et al. found dimension-specific, late-stage-specific and change-specific socioeconomic effects on brain, cognition, personality and emotion.

Artificial intelligence (AI) is becoming increasingly relevant to assist with oncology imaging, but diagnosing rare tumours remains challenging. Here, the authors develop an AI approach to detect rare thyroid cancer subtypes by integrating clinical knowledge with image generation based on ultrasound imaging data from large patient cohorts.

Here, authors present cryo-EM structures and simulations of urea transporter members in resting-, transport-, or inactive-states bound with synthetic competitive, uncompetitive or noncompetitive inhibitor.

The efficacy of cancer radio-immunotherapy is limited by the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment. Here the authors report fusogenic liposomes loaded with Auranofin, a gold containing drug approved for rheumatoid arthritis, multivariate-gated aptamer assemblies and PD-L1 aptamers, as an adjuvant for melanoma-targeted radio-immunotherapy.

Urea electrooxidation offers an energy-saving route for hydrogen production but faces challenges from costly reactants and slow kinetics. Here, the authors introduce a chlorine-mediated electrolysis system using natural urine as feedstock, achieving enhanced and cost-effective hydrogen production.

By characterizing the dynamics of epitranscriptomes and translatomes upon Magnaporthe oryzae infection, the authors uncover that ac4C enriched in the 3rd nt of codons improves translation of mRNA to enhance rice resistance against M. oryzae.

The quality of the Li–electrolyte interface is key to solid-state battery performance, especially at low pressure. Here, authors use operando electron microscopy to reveal how Li-Mg alloy anodes improve interfacial contact and low-pressure cycling stability by suppressing void formation.

The authors present SVclone, a computational method for inferring the cancer cell fraction of structural variants from whole-genome sequencing data.

Bacteria of the genus Streptomyces have complex life cycles involving cellular differentiation and multicellular structures that have never been observed in archaea. Here, the authors show that several halophilic archaea display a life cycle resembling that of Streptomyces bacteria, undergoing cellular differentiation into mycelia and spores.