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CORAL can infer the occurrence of rare species based on common species, using DNA metabarcoding data or other high-dimensional biodiversity data. The approach is illustrated on a large-scale biodiversity survey from Madagascar.

The quark structure of the f₀(980) hadron is still unknown after 50 years of its discovery. Here, the CMS Collaboration reports a measurement of the elliptic flow of the f₀(980) state in proton-lead collisions at a nucleon-nucleon centre-of-mass energy of 8.16 TeV, providing strong evidence that the state is an ordinary meson.

Using well-calibrated statistical methods the authors jointly analyze Undiagnosed Diseases Network genomes, identifying known and novel disease genes. Software is publicly available to support future cross-cohort rare disease discovery efforts.

Chronic care manages long-term, progressive conditions, while acute care handles short-term ones. Here, authors show chronic conditions account for most of the global health burden, with 68% of DALYs and 93% of YLDs attributed to chronic care needs.

Markov, Ren, Senkow and colleagues report that in patients with severe SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia, alveolar T cell interferon responses targeting structural SARS-CoV-2 proteins characterized patients who recovered, whereas responses against nonstructural proteins and activation of NF-κB were associated with poor outcomes.

An analysis of data from the Sherlock-Lung study provides insight into the mutational processes that contribute to lung cancer in never smokers, and looks at the possible role of factors such as air pollution and passive smoking.

Although the trivalent actinides are similar to the lanthanide series in terms of chemistry and bonding, their structures and properties can diverge significantly. Here, the authors report a series of complexes of the trivalent actinides Np(III) through Cf(III) along with their lanthanide counterparts using a polarizable non-innocent, sulfur-donor ligand.

A distinct population of CD4 T cells resides in specific regions of the steady-state brain, and these T cells are programmed in the periphery by the microbiome to coordinate adaptive behaviour.

Machine-learning-augmented single-nucleus transcriptomic analysis compared molecular landscapes of immature neurons in the mammalian hippocampus across species, highlighting human-specific gene expression but convergent biological processes.

This study shows how the same brain networks may support resilience differently in individuals with varying genetic risks, enabling more personalized mental health approaches.

Lakes play an important role in the global carbon cycle and understanding their organic matter cycling is vital. Kellerman et al.apply an ultrahigh-resolution technique to 120 lakes across Sweden and show that the molecular composition is shaped by water dynamics and temperature.

BRCA1 and BRCA2 are well known breast cancer predisposition genes, however, many variants have not yet been classified for their pathogenicity. Here, the authors analyse a large combined cohort to provide evidence of variant pathogenicity.

MultiSTAAR provides a general and flexible statistical framework for functionally informed multi-trait rare variant analysis of biobank-scale sequencing studies by jointly analyzing multiple traits and incorporating annotation information.

Dendritic cell-based therapies have been exploited as immunotherapeutic approaches for cancer treatment. Here the authors report a platform integrating antigen-capturing nanoparticles and type 1 conventional dendritic cells for in situ cancer immunization, promoting anti-tumor immunity in preclinical models.

Liu et al. developed a platform to identify transcription factors (TFs) that turn stem cells into desired cell types. They discovered six key TFs that produce microglia efficiently, enhancing cell differentiation methods.

This study finds significant positive associations between the diversity of soil fungi and surface air temperature in the maritime Antarctic, one of the most rapidly warming regions on Earth.

While Bell inequalities have been violated several times—mostly in photonic systems—their violations within particle physics experiments are less explored. Here, the BESIII Collaboration showcases Bell-violating nonlocal correlations between entangled hyperon pairs.

Ghosh et al study transcriptional diversification in the human-adapting zoonotic pathogen, Bordetella hinzii, as it evolved during the course of a chronic infection, revealing plasticity and niche-specific functional adaptation to the blood and gastrointestinal compartments.

A novel personalized phage therapy strategy that selects phages for a predicted evolutionary trade-off may represent a viable alternative approach for the treatment of antimicrobial-resistant bacterial infections.

Springtails are omnipresent soil arthropods, vital for ecosystems. In the first global assessment of springtails, this study shows a 20-fold biomass difference between the tundra and the tropics, with distinct temperature-related patterns for diversity and metabolism that suggest climate change may restructure the functioning of soil biodiversity.

The advantage of living in cities compared with rural areas with respect to height and BMI in children and adolescents has generally become smaller globally from 1990 to 2020, except in sub-Saharan Africa.

Multi-ancestry fine-mapping of breast cancer susceptibility regions identifies candidate causal variants and prioritizes likely effector genes supported by functional genomic evidence.

Analyses of genome and exome sequencing data identify rare coding and structural variants associated with atrial fibrillation and highlight genetic links between atrial fibrillation and cardiomyopathies.

A genome-wide association meta-analysis study of blood lipid levels in roughly 1.6 million individuals demonstrates the gain of power attained when diverse ancestries are included to improve fine-mapping and polygenic score generation, with gains in locus discovery related to sample size.

Here, the authors perform large trans-ancestry fine-mapping analyses identifying large numbers of association signals and putative target genes for colorectal cancer risk, advancing our understanding of the genetic and biological basis of this cancer.

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) contrast agents are essential for modern medical imaging, but existing MRI contrast agents have limitations that result in poor resolution and ineffective long-term monitoring. Here, the authors report the development of a T1-MRI contrast agent based on a variant of lanmodulin, LanND-Gd, with efficient renal clearance, high relaxivity, and prolonged renal retention compared with commercially available contrast agents.

Actinobacteria grow by inserting new cell wall material at the cell poles. Here, Zhong et al. show that a stomatin-like protein modulates polar growth under hyperosmotic stress by facilitating the formation of membrane microdomains with increased membrane fluidity and interacting with components of the glycan synthesis machinery.

Black carbon produced by the burning of biomass and fuels is the most stable carbon compound in nature, yet its path from land to the deep ocean where it persists for thousands of years remains mysterious. Here Coppola and colleagues characterize the black carbon exported by the Amazon River, the largest river in the world.

Different functional variants in ADH1B (and elsewhere) in Europeans and Africans strongly affect risk for alcohol dependence. Dependence only partly genetically correlates with consumption, with strong correlations to other psychiatric disorders.

Secondary and exploratory analyses of the phase 3 NRG GY018 trial show that, in patients with advanced or recurrent endometrial cancer, first-line treatment with pembrolizumab together with paclitaxel and carboplatin leads to prolonged progression-free survival, according to blinded independent central review.

The authors show that changes in nuclear dynamics of p75^NTR by γ-secretase cleavage are a novel molecular switch that determines TGF-β signaling in astrocytes. Cleaved p75^NTR acts as a component of the nuclear pore complex, regulating nuclear import of Smad-2 in astrocytes. The authors find that p75^NTR is required in mice for TGF-β-induced glial scar formation and reduced neuronal activity.

The non-invasive spatial measurement of glycogen in humans has been challenging due to a lack of sensitive approaches. Here, the authors characterize regional glycogen dynamics in human muscle under exercise using MRI, providing insights into the complex patterns of muscle energy consumption and recovery.

Isotopic constraints reveal that soil nitrogen contribution to global plants is temperature-controlled, not by precipitation or nitrogen deposition. As temperatures rise, inorganic nitrogen becomes more important and preferred over organic nitrogen.

TRPV1 ion channels allow for water flow through them and their activity can be suppressed by downregulating the permeation of cations through the channels via the administration of deuterated water.

Here the authors show that ventrally derived oligodendrocytes (OLs) can myelinate areas usually populated by dorsally derived OLs but cannot functionally compensate, as animals populated only by ventrally derived OLs show locomotor and cognitive deficits.

A multi-ancestry genome-wide association meta-analysis of kidney cancer identifies 63 regions associated with disease susceptibility including one locus that was associated with increased risk in individuals with African ancestry.

Glucocorticoid resistance is partly due to epigenetic alterations, but the regulatory mechanisms driving these remain poorly understood. Here, a link between the activity of a lineage-specific transcription factor PU.1 and epigenetic modulators mediating the response to glucocorticoids is described in acute lymphoblastic leukemia.