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The underlying formation mechanism and evolution of the ferroelectric phase in hafnium dioxide-based crystals is under debate. Here, the authors characterize the phase transitions and reveal the accompanying atomic movements in a co-doped crystal.

Ancient genomes from Neolithic rice-farming populations at Baligang reveal a demographic shift around 4,200 years ago and a 5,000-year-old patrilineal social structure, providing insights into the population history of East Asia.

The spatiotemporal relationship between neuromodulator and neurotransmitter dynamics and neuronal activity remains unclear. Here, the authors performed dual-color imaging of calcium and ACh/5-HT signals across the fly brain, revealing a key role of ACh dynamics in stable odor representation.

The Macaque Biobank initiated by Zhang et al. provides a comprehensive genetic and phenotypic characterization of Chinese rhesus macaques (CRMs). This resource enhances our understanding of the genetic diversity of CRMs and holds potential for biomedical research.

The study reveals a nanobody that blocks LGR4 to activate fat browning and combat obesity, offering structural insights and a potential strategy for weight loss therapy.

A new artificial intelligence model, DeepSeek-R1, is introduced, demonstrating that the reasoning abilities of large language models can be incentivized through pure reinforcement learning, removing the need for human-annotated demonstrations.

CRISPR-based diagnostics are often limited by complex workflows and poor validation. Here the authors develop and validate a one-pot asymmetric CRISPR assay, which permits rapid and sensitive diagnosis of tuberculosis in a format which is suitable for resource-limited settings.

The design and assembly of interlocked supramolecular cages is of interest due to their exquisite topological configuration and excellent performance in a variety of applications. Here, the authors synthesize interlocked cages from half-sandwich rhodium building blocks and prepare membranes for applications in photothermal seawater desalination.

Lu et al. characterize cis-regulatory element dynamics at different stages of colorectal cancer progression and identify a functional variant associated with increased colorectal cancer risk because of selective transcription factor binding.

In a small trial of patients with severe systemic lupus erythematosus and nephritis, treatment with allogeneic T cells with a CD19 chimeric antigen receptor inserted into the T cell receptor locus and deletion of the PD-1 (PDCD1) gene were safe and associated with reduced disease activity.

Integrated multi-omic analyses using samples from the TRACERx study highlight cross-talk between DNA hypermethylation and genomic lesions in non-small cell lung cancer.

Dual-scale chemical ordering in CoNiV-based alloys improves the synergy of strength and ductility at cryogenic temperatures, providing an approach for obtaining high-performance metallic materials for cryogenic applications.

Stable and robust topological edge modes are observed at finite temperatures in an array of 100 programmable superconducting qubits because of emergent symmetries present in the prethermal regime of this system.

Quantum information cannot be copied, posing challenges for long-distance communication due to signal losses. Here the quantum relay architecture using a single-photon source enhances the signal-to-noise ratio of quantum information transmission.

Liquid crystal elastomers are used in actuators, though methods to pre-program actuation limits the geometric design. Here the authors show a method of treating the elastomers in free-radical initiator to program actuation.

The researchers showcase an exciting surface metallic Dirac-vortex cavity design with enhanced power capabilities for electrically pumped Topological Lasers in the THz spectral range.

The synthesis and isolation of compounds featuring lanthanide–carbon triple bonds remain challenging. Now a cluster featuring a cerium–carbon triple bond has been stabilized inside a C₈₀ fullerene cage. The solid-state structure of the compound reveals a cerium–carbon bond distance of 1.969(7) Å.

An asymmetric self-assembled monolayer improves the efficiency of perovskite/silicon tandem solar cells compared with symmetric self-assembled monolayers, resulting in a certified power conversion efficiency of up to 34.58%.

A complete genome assembly of a crab-eating macaque, revealing 46% fewer segmental duplications and 3.83 times longer centromeres than those of humans, is presented, enhancing understanding of lineage-specific phenotypes, adaptation and primate evolution.

Recently, the quantum anomalous Hall effect has been successfully achieved in the intrinsic magnetic topological insulator MnBi₂Te₄, but zero-field quantization has proved difficult to achieve due to poor sample quality. Here, the authors report zero-field quantization and chiral edge states in five-septuple-layer MnBi₂Te₄.

Sepsis-associated acute kidney injury (SA-AKI) leads to significant morbidity and mortality, but early diagnosis remains challenging. Here the authors use single urinary extracellular vesicle proteomics to identify complement receptor CD35 as a biomarker for sepsis-associated acute kidney injury.

Inch-sized bulk lanthanide oxychloride single crystals and single-crystalline thin films with thickness down to the monolayer are synthesized through flux-enabled oriented attachment, providing a library of van der Waals materials with interesting dielectric and quantum properties.

Bin Han and colleagues report the draft genome sequence of the grass carp Ctenopharyngodon idellus, a major commercially farmed species of freshwater fish. Analyses of the grass carp genome identify lineage-specific duplications that may have contributed to the adaptation of this species to a vegetarian diet.

PINK1/Parkin-mediated ubiquitin-dependent mitophagy is a key regulator of browning in inguinal white adipose tissue (iWAT). Here, the authors report that PNPLA7, an Endoplasmic Reticulum and mitochondria-associated membrane (MAM) protein, inhibits browning of iWAT by promoting PINK1/Parkin-mediated mitophagy upon cold challenge or adrenergic receptor agonist treatment.

Room temperature phosphorescent (RTP) materials are promising for optical applications. Here, the authors demonstrate a scalable preparation of RTP nanospheres and their assembly into photonic crystals with multimodal luminescence.

This study shows that protein kinase A (PKA) drives bone lesions in fibrous dysplasia and that targeting it in mouse models reduces disease severity, highlighting PKA as a promising therapeutic target for fibrous dysplasia.

A globally interconnected solar-wind power system can meet future electricity demand while lowering costs, enhancing resilience, and supporting a stable, sustainable transition to net-zero emissions.

While Bell inequalities have been violated several times—mostly in photonic systems—their violations within particle physics experiments are less explored. Here, the BESIII Collaboration showcases Bell-violating nonlocal correlations between entangled hyperon pairs.

The hydroallylation of alkenes represents a straightforward method for the construction of chain elongated alkenes. Here the authors report a scandium-catalyzed anti-Markovnikov hydroallylation reaction of styrene derivatives with 1-aryl-2-alkyl alkenes and α-alkenes for the synthesis of chain elongated internal alkenes.

Intracellular bacterial infection triggers numerous innate immune responses. Here, Li et al. use intravital imaging to understand how L. monocytogenes invades the liver and avoids triggering neutrophil swarming.

Two mGlu3–βarr1 cryo-EM structures with 2:1 and 2:2 stoichiometries are reported, revealing that the inactive state involves mGlu3 engagement of βarr1 through phosphorylated C-terminal tail and intracellular loops.

The tissue-specific accumulation patterns of pathogenic mtDNA mutations during aging remain incompletely understood. In this study, the researchers developed three mouse models with distinct mitochondrial tRNA mutations, revealing age-dependent accumulation of these mutations in the kidneys, leading to mitochondrial kidney disease.

Land surface modelling suggests that preserving woody debris in managed forests could remove 769–937 GtCO₂ from the atmosphere between 2025 and 2100.

Ectoparasites activate prefrontal microglia via the skin–brain axis, damaging GABAergic neurons and reducing host exploration. This limits host distribution and may help ectoparasites avoid environmental pressures.

Indium tin oxide, the predominant material used as transparent electrodes in organic LEDs, is expensive and brittle. Ning Li and colleagues form transparent electrodes using single-layer graphene to construct organic LEDs with unprecedented performance that are suitable for both displays and lighting.

Blockade of CD47/SIRPα and CD24/Siglec-10 pathways can promote macrophage-mediated phagocytosis of tumor cells. Here the authors report the design of a peptide-antibody combo-supramolecular in situ assembled CD47 and CD24 bi-target inhibitor that enhances the phagocytic ability of macrophages and improves response to anti-PD-1 in preclinical cancer models.

The molecular mechanisms underlying the function of different cellular states in glioblastoma stem cells (GSCs) remain poorly understood. Here, the authors perform integrated single cell and bulk analysis of GSCs and identify potential therapeutic targets.

Rooftop photovoltaic systems are often seen as a niche solution for mitigation but could offer large-scale opportunities. Using multi-source geospatial data and artificial intelligence techniques, the authors map their potential for reducing global temperatures and analyse regional differences.

The family of two-dimensional materials is ever growing, but greater functionality can be realized by combining them together. Here, the authors report the direct synthesis of multijunction heterostructures made from graphene, tungsten diselenide and either molybdenum disulphide or molybdenum diselenide.

Single-quantum level operations are important tools for engineering desired quantum states, but they are inherently probabilistic operations with low experimental success rate. Here, the authors demonstrate near deterministic addition and subtraction of a single phonon of motion in a trapped Yb ion.

H5N1 avian influenza viruses can be highly pathogenic. Here, the authors show that H5N1 infection leads to increased serum levels of angiotensin II in patients and mice, and that administration of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 ameliorates lung injury in infected mice.

In this work, authors show that deletion of FprB enhances the antibacterial activity of gallium against Pseudomonas aeruginosa, revealing a combination strategy and demonstrating the utility of CRISPRi-seq for therapeutic target discovery.