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Simultaneous recordings were made of hundreds of neurons in the rat frontal cortex and striatum, showing that decision commitment involves a rapid, coordinated transition in dynamical regime and neural mode.

Biexciton complexes in atomically thin transition metal dichalcogenides have unusually large binding energies. Here, the authors explore biexciton formation dynamics in monolayer MoSe₂ in the presence of magnetic fields up to 25 T.

Singlet fission produces two molecular excitations from one photon and has the potential to boost solar cell efficiencies. Now it has been shown that magnetic fields can reveal the spectral signatures of the multi-excitonic intermediates in this process.

The number of individuals in a given space influences animal interactions and network dynamics. Here the authors identify general rules underlying density dependence in animal networks and reveal some fundamental differences between spatial and social dynamics.

This Expert Recommendation provides tools to help researchers in 2D materials improve reproducibility in their work and practical guidance on how to engage constructively with funders, publishers and industry to create a stronger basis for reproducibility, transparency and trust in the field.

The XRISM Resolve spectrum of the galactic neutron star X-ray binary, GX 13+1, reveals one of the densest winds ever seen in absorption lines.

The pathogenic bacterium Pseudomonas aeruginosa can be found in vacuoles and cytoplasm within infected cells. Here, Schator et al. show that extracellular bacteria use a type-III secretion system to induce Ca²⁺ influx into host cells and promote vacuole escape of intracellular bacteria and in vivo dissemination.

Suppression of dipolar oscillation modes by strong magnetic fields in the cores of intermediate-mass red giant stars reveals that powerful magnetic dynamos were very common in the previously convective cores of these stars.

Placing particles at the interface between immiscible fluids usually enhances emulsification. However, now it is shown that if the particles are ferromagnetic, emulsification is suppressed and a non-planar recoverable interfacial shape develops.

Aggregates of misfolded proteins are sequestered in the aggresome via dynein transport in an aggregate size-dependent manner. Here, authors find episodic transport kinetics mediated by aggresome-dynein adapters are central to this size-filter effect.

For the May Focus issue of Nature Chemical Engineering, we asked seven leading researchers working across automation, control and robotics to share their perspectives on a facet of their field that they believe will drive transformative progress within these interconnected domains.

A model of compositional state spaces in the hippocampus shows latent learning and rapid generalization. Bakermans et al. show that this model predicts the emergence of place responses in replay.

This study reveals that an outer membrane protein from the predator Bdellovibrio bacteriovorus forms a pentameric assembly that traps a lipid monolayer within. This allows the discovery of two superfamilies, distributed across a wide range of bacteria, likely to adopt a similar architecture.

Hypoimmune gene editing in human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) provides a promising platform for cellular therapies. Here, the authors report that CRISPR mediated deletion of ICAM-1 in hPSC-derived grafts reduces immune cell adhesion, dampens T cell activation, and protects against immune rejection.

Modelling cardiomyocyte geometry reveals that mitochondrial–sarcoplasmic architecture enhances respiration by facilitating ion and lipid transfer for efficient cardiac metabolism.

Clinical trials testing efficacy of novel HIV treatments rely on analytical treatment interruption (ATI). Using data from 24 prospective studies, the authors here show that the virus becomes detectable after around 16 days of ATI and that only 4% of individuals have sustained control of HIV, providing information for future clinical trial design.

Russo et al. show that context-specific place cell assemblies support hippocampal integration of past experiences into future plans during goal-directed behavior and propose a biophysical mechanism behind the formation of goal dependent theta sequences.

External driving of Rabi oscillations is a first step in the coherent manipulation of spin systems. Here the authors use ultrafast optical pulses to produce classical Rabi oscillations in ferromagnetic CoFeB, enabling the exploration of coherent phenomena in dense ferromagnetic ensembles.

A review of observation-based evidence suggests that four interconnected Earth system tipping elements have moved towards their critical thresholds, highlighting the need for better monitoring and increased mitigation efforts.

Identifying atomic defects during deformation is crucial to understand material response but remains challenging in three dimensions. Here, the authors couple X-ray Bragg coherent diffraction imaging and atomistic simulations to correlate a strain field to a screw dislocation in a single copper grain.

Bayesian models explain how context biases perceptual behavior toward expected categories, but sensory neurons do not reflect this bias. Instead, expectation sharpens sensory acuity, independent of downstream decision making.

Parkinson’s disease (PD) involves toxic protein buildup and energy failure in neurons. Continuously breathing low-oxygen air protected mice from PD-like neuronal loss and reversed symptoms, even after they began, suggesting that hypoxia may protect neurons.

Accorsi et al. show that the apple snail Pomacea canaliculata has eyes similar to humans and can fully regenerate them. They then developed genetic tools to establish these snails as a novel model system to study the mechanisms of eye regeneration

Biological nitrogen fixation may impose stronger constraints on the carbon sink in natural terrestrial biomes and represent a larger source of agricultural nitrogen than is generally considered in analyses of the global nitrogen cycle.

The unification of the theory of relativity and quantum mechanics is a long-standing challenge in physics. Here the authors investigate the effects of a wide range of accelerations on an entangled photon pair, providing an upper bound for the effects of non-inertial frames on quantum systems.

An Atlantic meridional overturning circulation slowdown drives widespread shifts in tropical rainfall through the propagation of high-latitude cooling into the tropical North Atlantic.

Skyrmion bags—textures comprising multiple skyrmions contained within a larger skyrmion—have been reported in several condensed matter systems. Now an optical analogue of these structures has been observed in plasmonic moiré superlattices.

Here the non-linear relationship is revealed between carbon emissions reductions and oil demand reductions, which depends on the magnitude of demand drop and the global oil market structure.

The Tomonaga–Luttinger liquid framework can be used to describe 1D quantum systems, spanning fermions, bosons and anyons. In this Review, we discuss the various platforms that can host TLL states, including Josephson junctions, cold atoms and topological materials, and discuss the advances TLL theory can provide in quantum criticality, nonequilibrium dynamics and condensed-matter physics exploration.

Superfluorescence—the emission of coherent light from an initially incoherent collection of excited dipoles—is now identified in a semiconductor. Laser-excited electron–hole pairs spontaneously polarize and then abruptly decay to produce intense pulses of light.

Binary stars with orbital periods of less than a day show magnetic activity beyond the saturation limit of single stars. This enhanced activity is probably driven by a large-scale α–ω dynamo during common-envelope evolution.

Mondal et al. report that autophagy inhibition promotes p63 activation and metastasis in breast cancer. This process depends on NBR1, which forms cytoplasmic p62/SQSTM1 condensates that sequester the ITCH ubiquitin ligase and prevents p63 degradation.

Current knowledge on the genetic basis of the human face is incomplete. By performing a combined GWAS of almost 1,000 facial traits, the authors enhance the genetic understanding of human facial variation and improve genetic face prediction.

In preclinical studies, the FDA approved TSP-1 antagonist gabapentin has been shown to disrupt neuronal-glioma interactions, slowing glioblastoma progression. Here, authors report a retrospective cohort study demonstrating a survival benefit associated with gabapentin in patients with newly diagnosed glioblastoma.

Topological crystalline insulators are characterized by metallic states originating from crystal symmetries. A transistor device that takes advantage of the quantum properties of the topological crystalline insulating materials SnTe and Pb_1−xSn_xSe(Te) is now proposed.

When a domain wall of a given chirality is injected into a magnetic nanowire, its trajectory through a branched network of Y-shaped nanowire junctions—such as a honeycomb lattice, for instance—can be pre-determined. This property has implications for data storage and processing.

Mass spectrometry (MS) is a powerful tool for the structural characterization of protein complexes. Here the authors offer a path for direct integration of MS and electron microscopy with a MS approach that enables grid deposition and structural preservation of gaseous protein complex ions.

Evolutionary patterns of virus replication and distribution in lymphoid tissue during the early phases of HIV infection have not been delineated. Lymph node (LN) biopsies were excised from patients at different times after the estimated time of primary infection. Within 3 months of the acute viral syndrome, HIV was mostly present in individual virus-expressing cells in LNs; trapping of virions in the follicular dendritic cell (FDC) network was minimal or absent, but was the predominant form of HIV detected in LNs of subjects with chronic infection, either recent (4–20 months after primary infection) or long-term (>2–3 years after primary infection). Plasma viremia was significantly higher in patients during the first 3 months than in those recently infected; however, there were no significant differences in the number of virus-expressing cells per square millimeter of LN tissue in these two groups. Numbers of virus-expressing cells in lymphoid tissue were significantly lower in the subjects with long-term infection than in the other two groups. Therefore, during the transition from primary to chronic HIV infection, the level of HIV replication in lymphoid tissue remains elevated despite the fact that viremia is significantly downregulated. These findings have implications for therapeutic strategies in primary HIV infection and in recent seroconvertors.

Neuropixels 1.0 NHP is a 45-mm, high-density silicon probe capable of recording large numbers of neurons with single-neuron resolution from most areas in a macaque’s brain.

Sulfur-containing scaffolds originating from small alkyl fragments play a crucial role in various pharmaceuticals, agrochemicals, and materials, but their synthesis presents significant challenges. Herein, the authors report the photocatalytic conversion of C(sp3)–H bonds originating from lightweight alkanes into alkyl sulfinates, employing SO2.

With the generation of large pan-cancer whole-exome and whole-genome sequencing projects, a question remains about how comparable these datasets are. Here, using The Cancer Genome Atlas samples analysed as part of the Pan-Cancer Analysis of Whole Genomes project, the authors explore the concordance of mutations called by whole exome sequencing and whole genome sequencing techniques.