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The Nature Index tracks primary research articles from 178 applied, health, natural and social sciences journals, across many different publishers, chosen by an independent group of researchers. The Nature Index provides absolute Count of primary research articles and fractional Share counts of author contribution to articles. The positions in the table below reflect Spain's position overall, regionally, and in subject areas based on their Share. Each position links to the corresponding table where Spain is listed.
Position by research output Share
Position by research output Share in subject areas
Research
Spain has the following research output in the current window (1 June 2025 - 30 May 2026) of the Nature Index. Click on Count to view a list of articles representing the corresponding Share value.
Overall research output
| Count | Share | |
|---|---|---|
| Overall | 4980 | 1912.65 |
Overall Count and Share for 'Spain' based on the 12-month time frame mentioned above.
Research outputs by subject area
Note: Hover over the donut graph to view the Share for each subject.
Leading research topics
In the Current Index (12-month rolling window), Spain published the most articles in these research topics. Learn more about Nature Research Intelligence Topics.
| Topics | Count | Share |
|---|---|---|
| Particle and High Energy Physics | 395 | 123.03 |
| Physical Chemistry | 221 | 112.38 |
| Clinical Sciences | 333 | 106.95 |
| Organic Chemistry | 167 | 102.59 |
| Macromolecular and Materials Chemistry | 213 | 101.84 |
| Astronomical Sciences | 303 | 81.80 |
| Oncology and Carcinogenesis | 288 | 76.80 |
| Quantum Physics | 194 | 72.14 |
| Ecology | 145 | 60.86 |
Share output for the past 5 years
| Subject area or journal group | 2021 | 2022 | 2023 | 2024 | 2025 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Overall | 1152.08 | 1229.82 | 1272.13 | 1873.80 | 1872.50 |
| Applied sciences | 118.25 | 111.42 | 145.50 | 394.51 | 322.21 |
| Health sciences | 163.56 | 322.45 | 326.00 | 411.14 | 379.41 |
| Natural sciences | 852.52 | 787.52 | 787.11 | 981.48 | 1094.53 |
| Biological sciences | 180.87 | 163.24 | 151.40 | 241.19 | 259.86 |
| Chemistry | 313.53 | 300.80 | 297.38 | 348.34 | 382.67 |
| Earth & environmental sciences | 55.69 | 45.61 | 51.63 | 89.90 | 105.70 |
| Physical sciences | 302.42 | 277.88 | 286.69 | 302.05 | 346.31 |
| Social sciences | 17.75 | 8.43 | 13.53 | 86.68 | 76.34 |
| Nature & Science | 19.20 | 18.99 | 19.87 | 20.83 | 25.60 |
Country/territory benchmarking
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Collaboration
In many cases, the highest quality science comes from collaborating. Nature Index collaborations highlight fruitful collaborations that lead to high quality research around the world. The table and charts below highlight the leading collaborators with Spain.
Collaboration by percentage of Share
Note: Hover over the graph to view collaboration by percentage of Share.
Top 10 collaborators with Spain by Share
Note: Hover over the bars to view details about each institution's Share.
| Collaborating country/territory | Collaborators' Share | Collaboration Score |
|---|---|---|
| United States of America (USA) | 359.48 / 632.64 | 992.12 |
| Germany | 240.68 / 308.90 | 549.58 |
| United Kingdom (UK) | 227.00 / 260.69 | 487.69 |
| France | 202.44 / 195.47 | 397.91 |
| Italy | 187.94 / 204.32 | 392.26 |
| Portugal | 61.17 / 46.74 | 107.91 |
| Brazil | 48.40 / 53.10 | 101.50 |
| Chile | 33.95 / 27.46 | 61.41 |
| Ireland | 27.43 / 21.42 | 48.85 |
| Argentina | 31.72 / 14.65 | 46.38 |
View historical country/territory collaboration
Top 10 institutions from Spain by Share
| Institution | Count | Share |
|---|---|---|
| 1. Spanish National Research Council (CSIC) | 2036 | 293.12 |
| 2. University of Barcelona (UB) | 785 | 103.04 |
| 3. Autonomous University of Madrid (UAM) | 611 | 89.22 |
| 4. University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU) | 434 | 88.48 |
| 5. Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST) | 354 | 87.62 |
| 6. University of Valencia (UV) | 402 | 65.84 |
| 7. Complutense University of Madrid (UCM) | 389 | 59.20 |
| 8. Institute of Health Carlos III (ISCIII) | 659 | 57.70 |
| 9. Autonomous University of Barcelona (UAB) | 475 | 48.02 |
| 10. University of Santiago de Compostela (USC) | 233 | 46.41 |
Latest supplements
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Numerical information only (in the tables above) is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International.