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Global Burden of Disease analysis found that in 2023, suboptimal diet was estimated to be responsible for 4 million deaths and 97 million morbidity burdens from ischemic heart disease.

Whether habits emerge gradually or suddenly remains an open question. Here the authors show that mice abruptly switch from goal-directed to habitual control, marked by a rapid dorsal striatal shift from outcome- to stimulus-driven processing.

Authors present a framework that harmonizes electronic health record data across hospitals by integrating medical knowledge, large language models, and graph learning. It enables cross-institutional analysis without sharing patient-level data.

The manufacture of nitriles is critical to various industrial applications, but poor selectivity results in the significant release of CO₂, NO_x and toxic cyanide. Here, the authors report the electroconversion of aromatic and aliphatic aldehydes to valuable nitriles at near-unity selectivities.

The cellular origin and developmental trajectory of DICER1 syndrome-associated tumors are currently unknown. Here, the authors employ a lineage-traceable genetically modified mouse model for DICER1 syndrome to identify universal fibroblasts as the likely cellular origin of mouse Dicer1 sarcoma and map their developmental trajectory, findings that are validated in human DICER1 mesenchymal tumors.

RNA editing influences gene regulation in cancer. Here, the authors show that EZH2 regulates RNA editing by ADAR1 through remodeling its interactome and nuclear transport, thereby promoting MDM2 expression and prostate cancer progression.

Environmental Robustness Index is established to bridge the gap between laboratory and field performance of solar evaporation technologies. Design principles for managing heat transport enable stable water production in diverse climatic conditions.

Global analysis finds stalled tropical cyclones are more common in the Southern Hemisphere. Climate warming slightly reduces how often storms stall but increases rainfall from stalled storms, especially over land, heightening flood risk.

A graphene-inspired porous polymer network acts as a molecular sieve, efficiently separating ethane from ethylene and purifying methane. Its finely tuned pores deliver record selectivity, offering a new path toward cleaner and energy-efficient natural gas processing.

Pre-harvest sprouting (PHS) causes severe yield and quality loss in cereal crops worldwide. Here, the authors report a cyclic nucleotide-gated channel/Ca^2 + -permeable channel encoding protein negatively regulate PHS and its involvement in modulating of calcium and hormonal signaling pathways in wheat.

Chronic diabetic wounds heal poorly due to impaired tissue repair and persistent inflammation. Here, authors demonstrate that a Smad7-based topical biologic accelerates diabetic wound healing by improving epithelial regeneration and reducing inflammatory neutrophil activity.

Maintaining genome integrity during different life stages is critical. Here, the authors reveal an RNA editing mechanism in the fungal pathogen Fusarium graminearum that adjusts Mus81 protein function to balance heat-stress survival and sexual reproduction. This stage-specific editing fine-tunes DNA repair for adaptation and reproduction.

In this study, the authors show that pulmonary fibroblasts act as dualfunction responders to the human-pathogenic fungus Aspergillus fumigatus, modulating immune responses while safeguarding tissue integrity.

Metabolic profiling of extracellular vesicles for diagnostic applications remains challenging. Here authors develop ACTIVITY, a cascade-catalysis strategy to detect metabolically active extracellular vesicles, enabling macrophage phenotyping and differentiation of pneumonia patients from healthy controls.

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma carries a poor prognosis, with pancreatectomy as the only potentially curative option. This Phase II trial assessed distant metastasis-free survival in locally advanced disease using GVAX vaccine, pembrolizumab, and SBRT following chemotherapy.

Landform assemblages co-develop with ecosystems to distinguish fundamental permafrost properties across a continental-scale ecoclimate gradient, combining into finer-scale permafrost landsystems that vary with geological and climatic legacies to define predictable consequences of thaw.

The reconstruction and control of supramolecular ropes using minimalist building units remains a fundamental challenge. Here the authors demonstrate self-assembly of cyclo-tryptophan-proline dipeptide stereoisomers into crystalline supramolecular triple-helical structures with tunable S- or Z- twists governed by the configuration of tryptophan residues.

Ribosomal Protein S15 (RPS15) is recurrently mutated in B-cell leukemia but its leukemogenic role remains unclear. Here, the authors establish mutant RPS15 as a cancer driver and reveal mechanisms by which these mutations induce translational defects, DNA damage and genomic instability that together promote leukemogenesis.

Three-body low-energy s-wave states play an important role in few-body physics and associated universal phenomena, yet their experimental observation in nuclear system has been elusive. Here, the authors identify the three-body s-wave properties in neutron-rich ¹⁰He nuclei with improved statistics and sensitivities.

Here the authors report that lipidomics analysis of over 13,000 Australians from two cohorts identifies distinct blood lipid signatures linked to habitual dietary exposures. Lipid markers of healthier diets were associated with lower cardiovascular risk and reduced all-cause mortality.

This work reports the discovery of a giant in-plane Hall effect in a nonmagnetic half Heusler compound, demonstrating magneto-cubic behavior over a wide temperature range and identifying extrinsic mechanisms as the dominant origin.

Using an evolutionary optimization approach, the authors report a culture medium that matures stem cell-derived heart cells, improving their structure, metabolism and electrical activity to advance highly functional models for in vitro testing.

Coronary artery disease has several genetic risk factors. Here, the authors develop a model that combines germline and somatic genetic drivers to predict coronary artery disease risk, identifying high-risk individuals not detected by polygenic risk scores alone.

A fundamental question in ecology is whether species-rich communities tend to exhibit high ecological uniqueness. This study suggests that a negative association between species richness and ecological uniqueness is widespread across diverse taxa groups, and that the drivers of this relationship vary depending on whether species presence or abundance is considered.

Xiang, Wang, Tian et al. report that during nutrient insufficiency, inflammatory cytokines promote a ZBTB5-mediated mechanism to activate mTORC1 signalling, thereby enhancing amino acid uptake in tumour cells and restricting antitumour immune response.

Tuft epithelial cells sense airway damage and recruit accessory submucosal gland stem cells to regenerate the surface epithelium, but these progenitors fail to fully repair the surface airway epithelium and instead promote airway remodeling.

Gasdermins form membrane pores that drive inflammatory cell death. Here, authors determine high-resolution structures of human GSDME pores and show how caspase-3 cleavage and lipid modification together regulate pore assembly and activity.

Although lithium–sulfur batteries are prized for their sustainability, practical energy densities are often limited by heavy host materials. The authors report a graphdiyne architecture that integrates anchoring and catalytic functions, enabling ultrahigh sulfur loading and exceptional energy densities, even in pouch-cell configuration.

Understanding and controlling phase-separated biomolecular condensate mechanochemistry is critical for their function and material properties. In this study, the authors developed assays that enable the study of mechanical transitions and fusion dynamics in condensate droplets, revealing that UV-induced thymine dimerization alters condensate nucleation and coalescence.

Traditional recycling of polyoxymethylene plastic often leads to significant material loss and toxic emissions. Here, the authors introduce an acidic electrochemical process that efficiently converts plastic waste into valuable chemicals with conversion efficiency approaching 90%.

Here, the authors show that two genes encoding KATANIN p60 in maize promote growth and fertility via proper cell expansion and division. Aberrant microtubule organization in mutants alters cell shape, delays G1, and disrupts preprophase band formation and nuclear positioning.

Predicting antimicrobial resistance from bacterial genomic data is challenging. Here, the authors introduce AMR-GNN, a graph neural network that integrates multiple genomic representations to improve prediction, reduce clonal bias, and identify biomarkers.

Researchers identified a previously unrecognized progeroid neuropathy caused by mutations in IVNS1ABP. Patient-derived fibroblasts, induced pluripotent stem cells, and neural progenitor cells exhibited disrupted dynamics, resulting in defective cytokinesis, DNA damage, and cellular senescence, which in turn led to premature neurogenesis in cerebral organoids.

When 100 social and behavioural science claims were examined, 34% of reanalyses closely matched the original results, with 74% reaching the same conclusion, revealing limited robustness of single-path analyses and the need to address analytical uncertainty.

Wang, Guo, Zhang and colleagues obtain four cryo-electron microscopy snapshots that show how IscB is kept off by two RNA lids, with a car-pedal-like guide shift activating cleavage after ~11-nt pairing. They also engineer hinge regions that boost flexibility and improve genome editing in cells.

Covert mortality nodavirus, a pathogen previously known to cause important losses in shrimp aquaculture, is identified as being a potential causative agent of an emerging and severe ocular disease in humans, specifically presenting as persistent ocular hypertensive viral anterior uveitis.

This study demonstrates that overexpression of irisin, an exercise-induced myokine, ameliorates obesity and insulin resistance in high-fat-diet-fed mice by increasing local IL-33 production and preserving ST2⁺ regulatory T cells in white adipose tissues.

Converting methane into valuable chemicals is challenging due to its stable bonds and inefficient C–C coupling. Herein, a dual-site catalyst with high-valent metals to selectively converts methane to acetic acid with high efficiency and stability.

Using pear as a study system, the biosynthetic pathway of acetophenones has been elucidated: naturally impaired side-chain shortening of aromatic 3-ketoacyl-CoAs leads them to undergo hydrolysis, followed by decarboxylation, to yield acetophenones.

Cell-cultivated meat has emerged as an alternative approach for sustainable protein production, but replicating the texture and complex composition of conventional meat remains challenging. Here, authors leverage a serum-free differentiation system to direct porcine epiblast stem cells toward muscle, adipose, and endothelium to generate multi-tissue cell-cultivated meat.

Global travel hubs could be key in future pandemic surveillance efforts. Here, using a global metapopulation model calibrated to epidemiology, phylogeography and air travel, the authors show that traveler-focused genomic surveillance at key hubs can speed up detection of SARS-CoV-2 variants under resource constraints.

This study identifies GPR146 as a key regulator of fat–liver communication. In mice, reducing GPR146 in fat tissue lowers fat delivery to the liver and protects against obesity and fatty liver disease, highlighting a potential therapeutic target for MASLD.

This study uses two large fundus cohorts to show that retinal foundation models generalize well across populations but exhibit age-related fairness gaps. It highlights how pre-training data composition shapes model generalisability and fairness.

N-desethyl-fluornitrazene is a µ-opioid receptor agonist derived from nitazenes that has supramaximal intrinsic efficacy that produces analgesia with minimal adverse effects in rodent models.

Robustness checks and reproduction of analyses with existing and updated data based on 110 articles in economics and political science journals with data and code-sharing requirements found high levels of robustness and reproducibility and determined that robustness was not dependent on author characteristics or data availability.

Du and colleagues present SMART, a scalable and computationally efficient framework for integrating spatial multi-omics data to identify tissue domains. The approach shows applicability to large and multi-section spatial profiling datasets.

AhR functions as a neuronal brake on axon regeneration, integrating environmental sensing, protein homeostasis and metabolic signalling to control the balance between stress adaptation and axonal repair.

Alzheimer’s disease-related pathology selectively disrupts those excitatory and inhibitory synapses most coupled to ongoing network activity. At the molecular level, parvalbumin interneurons show earliest signatures of abnormal synaptic processing.

Synthetic cells mirror fundamental biological behaviors, like growth, metabolism, and mobility, but have lacked genotype-driven selection, which is essential for Darwinian evolution. Here, the authors introduce libraries of short DNA sequences as genotypes into fuel-dependent peptide-RNA-based coacervate droplets, identify sequences that partition on the droplets, and show they differentially affect the droplet phenotype.