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Neonatal sepsis caused by Escherichia coli is associated with reduced transfer of pathogen-specific maternal antibodies and, in a mouse model, can be prevented by maternal preconceptual colonization with probiotic E. coli.

Single-cell manipulation and processing techniques and improvements in mass spectrometry sensitivity make single-cell proteomic profiling feasible. This study presents a label-free approach for the characterisation of native N-glycans of single mammalian cells and ng-level blood isolates, demonstrating the potential to detect cell surface glycome changes at the single-cell level in health or disease.

Here proteomic chromatome analysis shows metabolic enzymes widely localize to chromatin in cancer in a tissue-specific manner. Nuclear enzymes affect DNA damage/repair and transcription, revealing non-canonical nuclear metabolic roles in cancer.

INSTALL overcomes fundamental challenges for DNA delivery and integration methods by synergizing immune-stealth nucleic acids with recombinases to enable kilobase-scale integration strategies without viral vectors.

In a randomized trial, treatment of patients with heart failure with an antibody designed to activate the guanylate cyclase receptor NPR1 led to an unexpected increase in NT-proBNP levels and worsening heart failure events compared with the control, prompting termination of the trial.

Emerging multidrug-resistant Neisseria gonorrhoeae is a global health threat in the treatment of gonorrhoea. This study reports the discovery and characterization of a promising antigonorrhoea agent that addresses antibiotic resistance.

Xiang, Wang, Tian et al. report that during nutrient insufficiency, inflammatory cytokines promote a ZBTB5-mediated mechanism to activate mTORC1 signalling, thereby enhancing amino acid uptake in tumour cells and restricting antitumour immune response.

Barone et al. identify a fetal-restricted wave of hematopoietic progenitors that emerge from the hemogenic endothelium before hematopoietic stem cells and substantially contribute to embryonic lympho-myelopoiesis.

Using pear as a study system, the biosynthetic pathway of acetophenones has been elucidated: naturally impaired side-chain shortening of aromatic 3-ketoacyl-CoAs leads them to undergo hydrolysis, followed by decarboxylation, to yield acetophenones.

Synthetic super-enhancers enable specific delivery of anticancer payloads, achieving tumour elimination after a single dose in a mouse model of aggressive glioblastoma.

In a phase 1 basket trial, the small interfering RNA zodasiran, targeting ANGPTL3, lowered triglycerides in patients with severe hypertriglyceridemia and lowered both triglycerides and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol in patients with heterozygous familial hypercholesterolemia.

This study demonstrates that overexpression of irisin, an exercise-induced myokine, ameliorates obesity and insulin resistance in high-fat-diet-fed mice by increasing local IL-33 production and preserving ST2⁺ regulatory T cells in white adipose tissues.

Researchers reveal that TNF alpha unmasks a metabolic impairment in the enteric malate-aspartate shuttle. This dysfunction acts as a key pathological bridge linking intestinal inflammation to the neurodegeneration seen in Parkinson’s disease.

Murthy and colleagues discussed recent research on the effect of a tucanitib–trastuzumab–capecitabine regimen in patients with HER2⁺ breast cancer and leptomeningeal metastasis.

Epigenetic programming of myeloid and CD4⁺ T cells promotes decay of the SIV reservoir in rhesus macaques and a similar molecular pathway is found in HIV elite controllers.

Orthoflaviviruses exploit host factors for replication. In this study, the authors identify NUP153 as a proviral factor recruited to ER replication sites, where it binds NS3, NS5 and viral RNA to regulate structural protein production, promoting virion assembly and spread.

Endosomal sequestration of lipid-based nanoparticles is a barrier to delivery of nucleic acids. Here the authors test an array of cholesterol variants and perform in-depth investigation of nanoparticle shape, internal structure and intracellular trafficking.

A technique called condense-seq has been developed to measure nucleosome condensability and used to show that mononucleosomes contain sufficient information to condense into large-scale compartments without requiring any external factors.

Time-restricted eating (TRE) and daily calorie restriction both led to significant weight loss in women with polycystic ovary syndrome compared to controls. Thus, TRE is a safe and effective alternative to calorie restriction for weight management in this population.

Recovery of 48 bat and 9 horse HeV genomes from Australia (2016–2020) identified four Hendra virus clades, offering insights into evolutionary dynamics.

Robin and colleagues describe a population of blood vessel-resident macrophages that function within the vasculature to maintain vascular and blood homeostasis in zebrafish and identify a conserved population of these cells in mice.

SWI/SNF complexes are mutated in 20% of cancers, yet the underlying mechanisms are poorly understood. Here, the authors identify a compensatory mechanism of chromatin regulation that becomes essential in cancers carrying mutations that broadly inactivate SWI/SNF.

A series of in vitro and in vivo CRISPR activation screens combined with in situ Perturb-seq identify regulators of T cell-dependent cytotoxicity in melanoma.

Gene correction in the lung is achieved with inhalable mRNA lipid nanoparticles containing an amino acid-derived ionizable lipid identified from screening and structure–function optimization studies.

DGAT1 controls sex-specific CD8⁺ T cell responses in tumours, reducing mitochondrial function and tumour control in female mice, but protecting against oxidative stress and tumour growth in male mice through androgen receptor signalling.

Exhausted CD8⁺ T cells increase proteasome activity due to the accumulation of depolarized mitochondria, which drives the selective degradation of mitochondrial proteins and releases of regulatory haem through haemoprotein breakdown.

Aird et al. report that promyelocytic leukaemia (PML)-localized speckled protein 110 (SP110) controls SP100 oligomerization, which then regulates the mitotic dissolution of nuclear PML bodies.

Myelopoiesis in response to a parasitic worm infection and the mechanism selective to this form of parasite are revealed.

Clostridium perfringens lacking perfringolysin O toxin isolated from preterm infants metabolizes human milk oligosaccharide disialyllacto-N-tetraose to produce metabolites that promote the growth of commensal bifidobacteria, inhibit pathogens and suppress inflammation in an organoid model.

Electrochemical advanced oxidation water treatment processes (EAOPs) can help achieve a sustainable water cycle but remain challenging to scale up and implement. This study presents a flow-through EAOP device design that features good scalability and exhibits high practical application potential.

AhR functions as a neuronal brake on axon regeneration, integrating environmental sensing, protein homeostasis and metabolic signalling to control the balance between stress adaptation and axonal repair.

Cryo-electron microscopy structures of three large ornate natural bacterial RNA molecules reveal their quaternary structures and intra- and intermolecular interactions that stabilize them.

The rapid evolution of SARS-CoV-2 challenges antibody therapeutics, but glycan-masked antigens enable isolation of class 3 monoclonal antibodies that potently neutralize diverse Omicron variants and reveal cross-reactive epitopes.

Single-nucleus chromatin and RNA sequencing identifies epigenetic chromatin domains that confer vulnerability to paediatric brain tumours such as ependymomas, providing insight into the development of such tumours despite ‘quiet’ genomes.

CREsted is an efficient and user-friendly toolbox for analysis, modeling and design of cell-type-specific enhancers across diverse species.

Targeted ablation of prostaglandin E₂ (PGE₂) signalling in CAR T cells enhances their activity in PGE₂-rich solid tumours, with demonstrations of efficacy in vitro, in mouse xenografts and in patient-derived organotypic tumour spheroids.

Age-related microbiome changes increase medium-chain fatty acid-producing bacteria, driving GPR84-mediated myeloid inflammation, impaired vagal signalling and hippocampal dysfunction; targeting this gut–brain pathway restores memory in aged mice.

MAU2’s role in Cornelia de Lange syndrome was unclear. Here, the authors identify pathogenic MAU2 variants that disrupt NIPBL–MAU2 function, define MAU2‑specific episignatures, and show variable CdLS‑related phenotypes, supported by a Mau2 knockout mouse model.

This study identifies Rts3 as a starvation-induced inhibitor of the Sit4 phosphatase. By fine-tuning TORC1 signaling, Rts3 regulates the depth of cellular quiescence to ensure long-term survival and rapid recovery upon nutrient repletion.

The Akt-mTOR axis influences cell activation, differentiation and metabolism. Jordan and colleagues show that thymic and inducible T_H17 cells exhibit different requirements for mTORC1 and mTORC2 as well as Akt isoforms.

Here the authors report NiGa₂O_4–x(OH)_y for light-driven CO₂ hydrogenation to methanol. The surface Lewis acid–base pairs and -OH groups act as conduits for H^- /H⁺ transport to active sites, enhancing photocatalytic methanol production.

In this study, the authors present optimization and efficacy testing of apolipoprotein-based lipid nanoparticles for delivering various nucleic acid therapeutics in vivo to immune cells and their progenitors in the bone marrow.

The meningeal compartment communicates with the brain to modulate homeostatic functions. Here, the authors demonstrate that natural killer (NK) cells and innate lymphoid cells (ILC) 1 shape synaptic neuronal transmission and affect mouse behavior.

An integrated mass spectrometry platform enabling automated collision-, electron- and photon-based fragmentation techniques is presented. A deep learning-based model trained to predict spectra across all dissociation methods further enhances protein identification.

Type 1 Innate Lymphoid cells (ILC1s) regulate the disease progression in murine models of acute myeloid leukaemia (AML). Here, the authors show that human ILC1s are impaired in patients with AML, and human umbilical cord blood-generated ILC1s can inhibit leukemia stem cell differentiation and limit AML development, suggesting a potential therapeutic approach.

N-desethyl-fluornitrazene is a µ-opioid receptor agonist derived from nitazenes that has supramaximal intrinsic efficacy that produces analgesia with minimal adverse effects in rodent models.

In a large-scale prospective study run across 12 sites in Germany and involving 463,094 women and 119 radiologists, AI-supported screening increased breast cancer detection rates by a significant margin without affecting the recall rate.